HIST 201 Final Exam
How did the lack of voting rights for women affect reform movements in the nineteenth century?
Unable to vote, women took leading roles in organizing reform societies.
How did work at the Lowell mills change over the course of the nineteenth century?
Wages fell and hours lengthened.
Why did most pioneers moving to the West in the 1840s and 1850s come from middling status?
Westward migration required a certain amount of funds.
What improved the chances of passing a compromise over California's admission in the fall of 1850?
Whig President Taylor died unexpectedly.
Who brought the greatest number of African Americans into Texas, Missouri, and Kansas in the 1840s and 1850s?
White planters
Who led a private military force to conquer Nicaragua in 1855 in hopes of inviting southern planters to settle there?
William Walker
How did the 1860 Democratic convention in Charleston, South Carolina, end?
With a break in the party
Which group founded Washingtonian societies in the 1840s to help their members improve their lives by giving up alcohol?
Working class men
The fugitive slave laws of 1793 and 1825 mandated that
all states aid in apprehending and returning runaway slaves.
After January 1, 1863, a slave living in a place controlled by the Confederate army was
deemed free forever.
In addition to mocking self-important capitalists, what was a standard feature of the popular minstrel shows of the 1820s?
Crude caricatures of African Americans
The views of abolitionist leader John Brown were most similar to those of
David Walker.
Which of the following factors shaped Lincoln's deliberations on the emancipation of slaves in 1862?
Embracing abolition as a war aim would likely prevent international recognition of the South.
How did craft work change over the course of the nineteenth century?
Fewer skilled craftsmen were required to complete the work.
Why did Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas try to reopen the question of slavery in the territories in the early 1850s?
For a railroad to be built in the Nebraska Territory, slavery needed to be abolished there. WRONG!!!
Why did John Frémont and Kit Carson destroy a Klamath Indian village in 1846?
Frémont and Carson acted in revenge for an attack by Modoc Indians.
Why did the followers of William Lloyd Garrison reject the Liberty Party?
Garrison believed that participating in electoral politics acknowledged the legitimacy of a government that supported slavery.
How did President Lincoln react to the growth of secessionist sentiment in border states that allowed slavery after the attack on Fort Sumter?
He called for 75,000 volunteers to put down the move toward rebellion against the Union. WRONG!!!
Why did local authorities arrest Joseph Smith in the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, in the mid-1830s?
He claimed to have received revelations that sanctioned polygamy.
Why did President Abraham Lincoln initially not want to enlist African American soldiers when the Civil War began?
He did not want to lose the slaveholding border states to the Confederacy.
How did the German Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss make his fortune in San Francisco in the 1850s?
He made sturdy pants that miners bought.
Which of the following describes General Ulysses S. Grant's Civil War strategy of waging "hard war"?
He was willing to accept huge casualties for victory.
Which of the following characteristics would mark a man as middle class in a nineteenth-century city?
Home ownership
Who ultimately forced the private adventurer and filibuster organizer William Walker out of Nicaragua in 1857?
Hondurans
By publishing sensational stories of sex and crime
Immediate emancipation
Which of the following statements about pioneer women on the overland trail is accurate?
In the absence of men, women would often serve as scouts or pick up guns in defense against Indians.
The Civil War had which of the following economic consequences for both North and South?
Inflation
What impact did the Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott have on the nation in 1857?
It further outraged many Northerners afraid of a Slave Power.
Which of the following accurately assesses the task the Union faced in the Civil War?
It had to force the Confederacy to stop fighting. WRONG!!!
What was the significance of the Crittenden Compromise?
It made it clear to the nation that a compromise was no longer possible.
What did the Confiscation Act passed by the U.S. Congress in August 1861 do?
It proclaimed that any slave owner whose slave was used by the Confederate army would lose claim to that slave.
Which of the following best describes the cult of domesticity that emerged in the new American middle class from the 1820s on?
It restricted women to the home and to social and charitable responsibilities.
How did the Civil War affect the relationship between elite and poor Southerners?
It undermined the ties between the two.
Which of the following statements about the admission of Kansas to the Union is accurate?
It was admitted as a free state in 1861.
Which of the following is true of the National Trades Union formed in 1834?
Its delegates represented more than twenty-five thousand workers across the North.
In addition to its disadvantages in agricultural and manufacturing capacities, what further weakened the Confederacy on the eve of the Civil War?
Its slave population of several million could not be armed for combat.
Who led an 1859 attack on a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry in hopes of sparking a slave rebellion?
John Brown
Who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, also known as the Mormons, in the early nineteenth century?
Joseph Smith
Why did Jefferson Davis argue that secession was a necessity for slave states in 1861?
Lincoln's victory had jeopardized the future of slavery.
Which of the following were instrumental in calling the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention that met to advocate for women's rights?
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
The first state to prohibit the sale of all alcoholic beverages in 1851 was
Maine.
How did Northerners react to the growth of the abolition movement in the 1830s?
Manufacturers generally disapproved, since an end to slavery would disrupt the trade in southern exports.
Whom did the Free-Soil Party nominate as its presidential candidate in 1848?
Martin Van Buren
Why did desertions increase for the Union army as the Civil War went on?
Men came to understand, firsthand, the reality of war.
By the spring of 1865, how many African Americans were serving in the Union army and navy?
200,000
What did the state of Texas demand from the federal government in the late 1840s?
Assumption of all debts incurred by the Republic of Texas
What material provided Harriet Beecher Stowe with the basis for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)?
Autobiographies of former slaves
During the Second Great Awakening, workingmen and -women were mostly drawn to the preaching of which Christian denomination?
Baptist
Which of the following were part of the planned community of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s?
Boardinghouses
What did the artists of the Hudson River School have in common with the writer Ralph Waldo Emerson?
Both emphasized the power of nature in their work
How did the new type of cheap tabloid newspapers in the United States woo readers in the 1840s?
By publishing sensational stories of sex and crime
How did the Lowell textile factory owners worsen working conditions of their female employees in the 1830s?
By speeding up the machines
Where did the revivals that were part of the Second Great Awakening begin in 1801?
Cane Ridge, Kentucky
Which of the following was a part of the 1860 Republican Party platform?
Opposition to extreme forms of abolitionism
Where was the center of African American evangelical revivals?
Philadelphia
What weakened the Franklin Pierce administration in the early 1850s?
Pierce lacked a firm base of support among voters and the Democratic Party.
Prior to the 1830s, most Irish immigrants were
Presbyterians.
Why was northern celebration of Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse (1865) short-lived?
President Lincoln was murdered a few days later.
Which business was instrumental in the formation of the antislavery movement in the nineteenth century?
Publishing
What did northern Democrats campaign for in the presidential election of 1864?
Readmission of Confederate states with slavery intact
What drove immigration to the United States from Germany and Scandinavia in the 1840s and 1850s?
Repressive landlords
Why did the Crittenden Compromise fail in Congress in 1861?
Republicans opposed the extension of the Missouri Compromise all the way to California.
Why did Sharps rifles in Kansas become known as "Beecher's Bibles" in the mid-1850s?
Reverend Henry Ward Beecher had advocated armed self-defense.
Who invented the telegraph and was one of the most popular anti-Catholic speakers of the nineteenth century?
Samuel F. B. Morse
Most people who migrated to California after 1849 in search of gold were
Single men
What role did Rose Greenhow play in the Civil War?
Spy
Why did Preston Brooks assault Republican Senator Charles Sumner in 1856?
Sumner insulted Brooks's uncle, a South Carolina senator.
Which of the following urban structures were visible indicators of the growing diversity of the American population in the 1840s and 1850s?
Synagogues
What region became the focus of the new debates over slavery in the late 1840s?
Territories gained from Mexico
Why did 300 abolitionists walk out of a meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAAS) in 1839?
The AASS allowed women to attend closed meetings with men.
How was Anthony Burns's former owner able to secure Burns's return to the South?
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allowed slave owners to use the courts to recover their slaves.
Why did most Whigs oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
The act repealed the Missouri Compromise and raised the possibility of the expansion of slavery.
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863?
The battle boosted northern morale and delivered a blow to southern hopes.
Which of the following is true about the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the 1830s and 1840s?
The church was guided by The Book of Mormon as well as the Bible.
Why did a well-organized crowd break into a Syracuse courthouse in 1851?
The crowd wanted to rescue a fugitive slave.
What caused the failure of John Brown's raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859?
The failure of slaves to join the revolt WRONG!!! Lack of planning and overwhelmed
Which of the following assessments of the role of southern intellectuals in the growing dispute over slavery from the 1830s to the 1850s is accurate?
They tended to ignore slavery as an issue. WRONG!! They developed a sophisticated defense of slavery
Why did New England merchants send agents to California in the 1830s?
They wanted to buy leather made from Spanish cattle hides.
Why had civilians traveled from the District of Columbia to the battle site of Bull Run (Manassas) in July 1861?
They wanted to catch a glimpse of live combat.
Why did California's political leaders decide to apply for admission to the Union as a free state in the winter of 1849?
They wanted to keep the state's population white
Why were skilled workers offended by the factory work organization of the 1830s?
They were treated as dependents rather than independent craftsmen.
Why did Southerners move into cities like Atlanta, Savannah, and Mobile by 1863?
They worked in positions for the Confederate government. WRONG!!!
How did factory owners respond to the panic of 1837?
They mechanized with technologies like the power loom.
What did Irish immigrants and free black workers have in common in nineteenth-century cities?
They migrated to cities from the rural South in search of work. WRONG!!!
How did Chinese men manage to make a steady income after they were run off their claims by Anglo-American gold miners in California in the late 1840s and early 1850s?
They offered cooking and laundry services to miners.
How did many Northerners respond to the secession of southern states in 1861?
They supported their right to leave the union.
Why were many abolitionists wary of the Republicans' position on slavery in 1860?
They did not agree with the Republicans' willingness to leave slavery alone where it already existed.
Which group helped form the core of many reform movements in the years before the Civil War?
Middle-class women
What name did the opponents of immigration into the United States assume by the 1840s?
Nativists
Writing in the 1830s, transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson believed that the hope of moral perfection could be achieved in which place?
Nature
What effect did the development of new technology in the 1830s and 1840s have on factory workers?
New technology discouraged competition from immigrants because they lacked the skills for operating heavy machinery. WRONG!!!
Which of the following were part of the planned community of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s?
They did not have the right to vote.
Why did mobs burn Pennsylvania Hall in Philadelphia to the ground in 1838?
The hall hosted the Antislavery Convention of American Women.
How did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 encourage the arrest of suspected runaways?
The law offered commissioners more for returning slaves than for finding them innocent.
Why did the Ostend Manifesto outrage so many Northerners in 1854?
The manifesto called for the forceful capture of Cuba.
Why were so many U.S. settlers drawn to Oregon in the late 1830s and early 1840s?
The panic of 1837 prompted Americans to turn west for new economic opportunities.
What attracted Protestant farmers to the American Party in the congressional election of 1854?
The party's anti-immigrant message
How did charitable organizations try to address the issue of poverty in the 1840s and 1850s?
They built orphan asylums and homes for workingwomen.
Why did Jefferson Davis and his advisers choose to attack Fort Sumter in April 1861?
They could not permit a foreign power on the territory of the Confederacy.
Why were some African Americans frustrated with Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)?
Though effective, it was written by a white woman.
