HIST 2112 Test 2 (ch. 21-24)

Huey Long

"Kingfish" Rep. senator of LA; pushed "Share Our Wealth" program and make "Every Man a King' at the expense of the wealthy; assassinated Political leader from Louisiana who criticized the New Deal

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

Mein Kampf

"My Struggle"-a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany

Herbert Hoover economics

"great engineer" apostle of free market laissez-faire economics

Calvin Coolidge coined this phrase in the 1920s

"the business of America is business"

WWI was believed by most to be what kind of war?

"war to end all wars" "a war to make the world safe for democracy"

$_______ disappears in two days

$30 billion

Glass-Steagall Act

(Banking Act of 1933) - Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and included banking reforms, some designed to control speculation. Repealed in 1999, opening the door to scandals involving banks and stock investment companies.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

(FDR following death) nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman

Social Security Act

(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Fair Employment Practices Commission

(FEPC) established to combat discrimination in industries that held government contracts.

Early Radio

-From point to point, to point to multipoint -titanic -1912 radio act -1919 U.S allowed development of the radio -Westinghouse and At&t form RCA 1. telegraph 2. telephone 3. radio (telegraph) 4. radio (voice)

germany during Weimar Period (1919-1933)

-attempt to transition from monarchy to a democratic republic -political, economic and social instability -extremist violence: right-wing left-wing paramilitaries -economic calamity: banks collapse, Versailles limits on imports, famine, & starvation -hyperinflation: $1 was equal to 4.2 trillion German Marks (1923)

Hitler's American Model

-eugenics -Adolf had a strange obsession with American western films & treatment of Native Americans

between 1916 and 1930, ______ black southerners move north

1.6 million

in the 1930s, what groups emerged across the country?

100 pro-facist groups

how many prints and negative are there from the GD (new deal)?

165,000 prints 265,000 negatives

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

New Negro Movement

1920s US; encouraged African Americans to become politically and racially conscious; lead to Harlem Renaissance

Scopes Monkey Trial

1925 court case in Tennessee that focused on the issue of teaching evolution in public schools.

Nye Committee

1934. Senate committee led by South Dakota Senator Gerald Nye to investigate why America became involved in WWI. Theory that big business had conspired to have America enter WWI so that they could make money selling war materials. Called bankers and arms producers "merchants of death."

Nuremberg Laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.

Wagner Act

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII

over ______ African Americans were lynched between 1882 and 1968

3500

from 1910-1970 what population moved north? how many?

6 million black southerners

what percentage of the Internees, that were placed in these camps, were American citizens?

62% (stripped of legal rights)

in 1900, _____% of the black population lived south of the Mason-Dixon Line and were predominantly rural

90%

National Labor Relations Act

A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Father Charles Coughlin

A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show. His radio show morphed into being severly against Jews during WWII and he was eventually kicked off the air, however before his fascist (?) rants, he was wildly popular among those who opposed FDR's New Deal.

America First Committee

A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker.

Clarence Darrow

A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear foolish when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible.

Liberty League

A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression. By taxing imported goods, Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing, but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries, which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction. Between 1929 and 1932, international trade dropped from $36 billion to only $12 billion. American exports fell by 78 percent.

the "bubble" economy

A highly inflated economy that cannot be sustained. Bubble economies usually result from rapid influx of international capital into a developing country.

Spanish Influenza

A lethal flu virus that killed millions worldwide in 1918

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Secure of Manchuria

A northern industrial province in China, invaded by the Japanese in 1931. From here the Japanese would launch an invasion of mainland China beginning in 1937.

Pancho Villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.

Rosie the Riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Second New Deal, 1935

A second wave of programs aimed at economic recovery by social reform.

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

boil weevil

A small beetle that attacks cotton bolls, where the cotton fibers are formed

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Marcus Garvey

African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Double V Campaign

African American strategy to defeat Hitler's racism abroad as well as racism at home

100 percent Americanism

After World War I, deep feelings of patriotism and anti-German sentiment gave rise to this movement. The movement celebrated all things American while it attacked ideas (and people) it viewed as foreign and/or anti-American. (Extreme Nationalism)

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks. (Hoover)

Bank Holiday

All the banks were ordered to close until new laws could be passed. An emergency banking law was rushed through Congress. The Law set up new ways for the federal government to funnel money to troubled banks It also required the Treasury Department to inspect banks before they could re-open.

immigration act of 1924

Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country who were already living in the U.S. as of the census of 1890.

Pare Lorentz

American Filmmaker/director. "The Plow that Broke the Plains" was the film by him we watched in class, showed destruction of Dust Bowl. Commissioned by the Resettlement Administration to make this film.

Roy Stryker

American economist, government official, and photographer. He is most famous for heading the Information Division of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression and launching the documentary photography movement of the FSA

Francis Townsend

American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935.

American Protective League

An American World War I-era private organization that worked with federal law enforcement agencies in support of the anti German Empire movement, as well as against radical anarchists, anti-war activists, and left-wing labor and political organizations.

Battle of Britain

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

John T. Scopes

An educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution. This trial represented the Fundamentalist vs the Modernist. The trial placed a negative image on fundamentalists, and it showed a changing America.

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

President FDR dies

April 12, 1945

Archduke Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare; he was nicknamed the "Fighting Quaker" until a bomb destroyed his home; he then had a nervous breakdown and became known as the "Quaking Fighter."

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocoust.

J.P. Morgan

Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"

Pearl Harbor

Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war.

Calvin Coolidge

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia (heart attack). He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

A. Philip Randolph

Black leader, who threatens a march to end discrimination in the work place; Roosevelt gives in with companies that get federal grants.

Harlem Renaissance

Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.

Coney Island

Created as a way for working-class people to temporarily escape the hardships of the working, Coney Island became an amusement park with rides and attractions that contrasted the grim realities many were living.

Mechanization of War

Creating mass produced weapons in factories; mechanical weapons in WWI, such as the machine gun, led to increased loss of life

Four Freedoms & security

Declared by President FDR; 1. Freedom of speech and expression; 2. Freedom of every person to worship in his own way; 3. Freedom from want; 4. Freedom from fear & security

A Second Bill of Rights, FDR

Economic security and prosperity

Rexford Tugwell

Economist; part of the brain trust that helped advise FDR on new deal policies wanted to extend Stryker's photo project into film

Classical Liberalism

Emphasizes freedom, democracy, and the importance of the individual.

Back to Africa Movement

Encouraged those of African decent to return to Africa to their ancestors so that they could have their own empire because they were treated poorly in America.

right after WWI, who was a greater power in Europe?

England

the bonus march

Event when nearly 17,000 veterans marched on Washington in 1932, to demand the military bonuses that they had been promised; this group was eventually driven from their camp city by the U.S army; increased the public perception that the Hoover administration cared little about the poor.

Executive Order 9066

FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in Internment Camps

Court Packing Scheme

FDR's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters to keep his New Deal programs from being declared unconstitutional

Francisco Franco

Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975).

Paul van Hindenburg

First president of the Weimar Republic in Germany

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

William Simmons

Founder of the second Ku Klux Klan stone man. atl.

Chiang Kai-shek

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

German revanchism

Germany seeked to get revenge everyone who caused them to have to pay their reparations of WWI

Al Smith

Governor of New York four times, and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. He was the first Roman Catholic and Irish-American to run for President as a major party nominee. He lost the election to Herbert Hoover.

I argued in class that the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban north was one of the most important political events of the 20th Century. What were the causes of the migration? Describe two of its most important impacts..

Great Migration Causes: The number of white workers drafted in World War One, and the halt of immigration from Europe, led to a need for additional labor in factories and industries in the north. Great Migration Causes: The increase in war production led to the increased demand for labor in the North, but the draft had removed many workers from the labor force. Great Migration Causes: Northern companies and corporations sent labor agents (recruiters) to the South to persuade African Americans to take advantage of new job opportunities, better education and the modern facilities in the Northern cities. Great Migration Causes: World War One cut immigration from Europe to America in 1914 from 1.2 million to just 300,000. The downward trend in immigration, and fresh labor, continued throughout the war. Great Migration Causes: In 1915 and 1916 floods and boll-weevil infestations ruined the cotton crop in Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana causing great hardship to black farmers. Great Migration Causes: Racial segregation, the Jim Crow system, threats of lynchings, fear of mobs, white supremacy and the climate of violence persuaded Southern families to move to the freedom and greater prosperity in the North Great Migration Causes: Easier mobility and transportation. People traveled North by train that provided easy access to New York, Chicago and other Northern cities

Bernard Baruch

He headed the War Industries Board which placed the control of industries into the hands of the federal government. It was a prime example of War Socialism.

Eugene V. Debs

Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he ran for president and read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

Hitler's rise to power

Hitler come to power in many ways. He promised to undo the Versailles of Treaty which said Germany had to reparation to England and France. He also promised to to restore hope and the deal with the depression. Hitler also blamed the Jews for inflicting tragedy to Germany.

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people -kick unwanted races & cultures out of Germany and/or kill them off

American influence on German Race Law

Immigration Citizenship racial purity laws

the beer hall putsch

In 1923 the Nazis attempted to overthrow the government in Munich. It was a total failure, and Hitler received a brief prison sentence during which time he wrote Mein Kampf.

Scottsboro Boys

In 1931, a group of nine young men riding the rails between Chattanooga and Memphis, Tennessee, were pulled from the train near Scottsboro, Alabama, and charged with assaulting two white women. Despite clear evidence that the assault had not occurred, and despite one of the women later recanting, the young men endured a series of sham trials in which all but one were sentenced to death.

Executive Order 8802

In 1941 FDR passed it which prohibited discriminatory employment practices by fed agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war related work. It established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy.

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.

Fred Korematsu

Japanese-American who sued the United States for the relocating the Japanese-Americans after Pearl Harbor

Japan's invasion of China

Jieshi and Zedong were forced to unite as Japan began their advance in 1937 beginning WWII

US freezes Japanese assets

July 1941, US freezes sales of strategic resources to Japan FDR moves the pacific fleet to Hawaii.

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Alain Locke

Leader of the "New Negro" movement and editor of The New Negro—an anthology of writings by African Americans, Art could portray all themes

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.

Zimmerman Telegram

March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.

Coercive Patriotism

Method used to make Americans support the government, war and the Amer economic system. Included teachings in the schools.

NCAAP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.

Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929)

On this day the stock market boom had fell out, as millions of panicky investors ordered their brokers to sell, when there were practically no buyers to be found. After that stock prices continued to go down until they finally hit bottom. led to panic of 1929

D.W. Griffith/Birth of a Nation (1915)

One of the first full length films It glorified the Ku Klux Klan and denounced blacks and white northerners

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Organization founded by pacifists in 1942 to promote racial equality through peaceful means (NCAAP membership skyrockets)

American Paradox

Our society embodies progress on many different levels: technology, wealth, and freedom Yet, we are not necessarily more happy; progress comes with a new set of problems often conceptualized as a moral decline (race relations & oppression)

Joe DiMaggio

Outfielder for the New York Yankees who hit in 56 straight games Italian baseball player, conflited with immigration and racist camp laws.

Laissez-faire

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.

Warren G. Harding

Pres.1921 laissez-faire, little regard for gov't or presidency. "return to normalcy" after Wilson + his progressive ideals. Office became corrupt: allowed drinking in prohibition, had an affair, surrounded himself w/ cronies (used office for private gain). Ex) Sec. of Interior leased gov't land w/ oil for $500,000 and took money himself. Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over

Alfred Sloan

President of General motors, appealed to prestige, offered variety with different models and colors. introduced buying on credit

Farm Security Administration (FSA)

Provided loans to help tenant farmers buy land

19th Amendment (1920)

Ratified on August 18, 1920 (drafted by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton), prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The Constitution allows the states to determine the qualifications for voting, and until the 1910's most states disenfranchised women. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the U.S. Gave women the right to vote

Dust Bowl

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

Herbert Hoover

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

Teapot Dome Scandal

Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money Edwin Denby

Manchurian Incident

Situation in 1931 when Japanese troops, claiming that Chinese soldiers had tried to blow up a railway line, took matters into their own hands by capturing several southern Manchurian cities, and by continuing to take over the country even after Chinese troops had withdrawn.

Gunnar Myrdal

Swedish economist; writes "The American Dilemma" says US biggest problem is racism because of stereotype of blacks as inferior among whites; blacks treated as second class by gov.

National Guard

The Davis Act of 1908 and the National Defense Act of 1916 inaugurated the rise of the modern versions of the National Guard and military reserves. The National Guard program encompassed individual units separated by state borders. The program supplied summer training for college students as a reserve officer corps.

War Industires Board

The War Industries Board (WIB) was one of the first United States government agencies established during WW1. The War Industries Board (WIB) was created on July 28, 1917 to coordinate the production of war materials and the purchase of war supplies.

December 8th, 1941,

The day the president (FDR) declared war on Japan "a day that will live in infamy"

First 100 days of FDR

The first 100 days of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency where he pushed program after program through congress providing relief, creating jobs, and stimulate economic recovery

rural-urban divide

The growing divide between urban and rural residents based upon access to services and facilities.

Jim Crow Segregation

The legalized segregation (from about 1900 through the 1960s) barring African Americans from public and social interaction with whites.

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

The program under which the US supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.

America First Movement

This movement, led by Charles Lindbergh, wanted the US to stay neutral in WWII.

April 6, 1917

US declares war on Germany

Douglas MacArthur

United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II July 28, 1932 us army launched attack to drive vets & their families out of Washington

The "Good War'

Unity of Americans behind the wave of democratic ideals helped the generation remember it as "The Good War"

Red Summer of 1919

Used to describe the bloody race riots that occurred during the summer and autumn of 1919. Race riots erupted in several cities in both the North and South of the United States. The three with the highest number of fatalities happened in Chicago, Washington, D.C. and Elaine, Arkansas.

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their $1,000 bonus pay before the 1945 due date.

Bracero Program

Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947.

Slacker Raids

When: During WW1 Who: American Protective League What: They would stop thousands of men in the streets of major US cities and require them to show their draft cards Significance: Showed extreme patriotism, as well as the growing fear of immigrants

War Hysteria

a massive emotional reaction to a war, generally by the people of one of the involved parties in said war.

Hoovervilles

a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s.

after what event did President Hoovers Presidency become dead in the water?

after the bonus army attacks 12 week old child killed tear gas & arsenic gas is used

the american stock market collapse leads to.....

an acceleration of the global collapse

War Production Board (WPB)

an agency established during World War II to coordinate the production of military supplies by U.S. industries

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

an agency, established as part of the New Deal, that put young unemployed men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in erosion-control and flood-control projects.

Article 231 (War Guilt Clause)

clause of the Treaty of Versailles that dealt the harshest punishment to Germany; placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany's shoulders; Germany had to pay severe reparations to the Allies; $32 billion

European Alliance System

emerged as a result of a growing sense of foreign policy crisis, principal factor in the complex background of WWI, Germany and Austria and Italy formed Triple Alliance

during the 1920s, 23 states debated teaching what in schools?

evolution

Siphoning off american ______ reserves

gold

by 1933 ______ of America's banks fail and ______% of the US workforce unemployment

half 30%

Zuit Suit Riots

hispanic riots attacks on Lantinx & Filipino youths (Cali)

Debs v. US

in this Supreme Court case, the court upheld that Eugene Debs' anti-war speech was a violation of Espionage Act of 1917, which prohibited insubordination of the US military

"rape of nanking"

infamous genocidal war crime committed by japanese military in Nanjing. started in 1937 and lasted a few weeks. japanese army raped, stole and killed prisoners of war and civilians

Arts & New Deal

it paid artists to do work and paid historians to research American history

right before WWII, Japanese military was.....

largely autonomous (self-governing)

GI Bill

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

National Industrial Recovery Act

permitted all workers to join unions of their choice, allowed workers to bargain collectively for wage increases and benefits, allowed workers to go on strike to try to force employers to meet their demands

Neutrality

policy of supporting neither side in a war A foreign policy of neutrality reflected America's inward-looking focus on the construction and management of its new powerful industrial economy (built in large part with foreign capital). The federal government possessed limited diplomatic tools with which to engage in international struggles for world power.

immigration act of 1917

restricted immigration by requiring immigrants to be able to read and write a language

america has a tradition of what? why?

staying out of European affairs wars are really good for business

What did economic advisors tell Hoover during the crash? good or bad?

tell him its just a natural part of the business cycle and to do nothing wrong move

transitional immigration

tens of thousands of Caribbean immigrants were NOT subject to immigration quotas

during the "new negro" movement, Harlem was considered.....

the "new black Mecca"

Weimar Republic

the German republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933 (founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy)

Okies

the farmers, who in the Great Depression, were forced to move, many moved to Oklahoma

The "New Women" of the Progressive Era symbolized

the growing strength and influence of American women in social and political change.

Disenfranchisement

the removal of the rights of citizenship through economic, political, or legal means

Eugenics

the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

Agriculture Adjustment Act

this act involved the government paying farmers not to plant crops or graze livestock on pasture land in order to regulate agriculture

Frank Little

top organizer of IWW lynched on august 1st, 1917

Judge Webster Thayer

tried the Sacco/Vanzetti case, had a strong dislike of radicals

Espionage and Sedition Acts

two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI