Hist ch6-20&21

The romantic movement was characterized by _______________

a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination

What was the result of the development of the British economy between 1780 and 1851?

much of the growth in the gross national product was eaten up by population growth

Which social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe?

students and urban workers

How did industry grow in continental Europe?

Belgium led continental Europe in adopting British technology for production

Who were the Luddites?

British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work

Which law outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain?

Combination Acts of 1799

In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of _______________

Great Britain, France, and Russia

What was the major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution?

James Watts development of the steam engine between the 1760s and the 1780s

The Factory Act of 1833 constituted a major victory in the prevention of the exploitation of children in that it _______________

banned children under nine years of age from employment

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established _______________

by violent revolution

How did cotton transform the textile industry?

cotton could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax, helping to solve the shortage of thread for textile production

The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 _______________

defined an idea of German nationalism built around a common language, culture, and set of values

In 1848, what reform did the French government refuse that created a sense of class injustice?

electoral reform

In the nineteenth century, how did Ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?

extensive cultivation of the humble potato

How did labor in British families change in the eighteenth century?

family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages

In the eighteenth century, railroad construction on the European continent _______________

featured varying degrees of government involvement

The Great Exhibition of 1851 commemorated the _______________

industrial dominance of Britain

How did railroads affect the nature of production?

markets became broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines

What was the driving force in history according to Marx in the nineteenth century?

the economic relationship between classes

According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in _______________

the economy as little as possible

Why were the young, generally unmarried women who worked for wages outside the home confined to certain "womens jobs"?

the sexual division of labor replicated a long-standing pattern of gender segregation and inequality

What did the Mines Act of 1842 prohibit?

underground work for all women and girls as well as boys under ten

The Chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded _______________

universal male suffrage

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies _______________

were guided by the principle of the balance of power

In the "separate spheres" pattern of gender relationships, _______________

women generally stopped working outside of the home after the first child was born