Histology Exam 2 Review

41. The main blood forming tissue in the adult mammal is the ______ a. lymph nodes b. bone marrow c. Thymus d. Spleen e. I believe all sites stated above are correct

B. Bone marrow

33. Unlike other forms of connective tissues _______ has no nerves or blood vessels of its own a. Bone b. cartilage c. Periosteum d. connective tissue proper e. endosteum

B. Cartilage

10. The marrow cavity of diaphysis and the cavities of spongy bone are lined by ____________ a. Pericranium b. Endosteum c. Periosteum d. Substania compacta e. Protochondral tissue

B. Endosteum

30. __________ are responsible for formation of bone matrix and are invariably found of the advancing surfaces of developing of growing bones a. osteoprogenitior cells b. osteoblasts c. myloblast d. osteocytes

B. Osteoblasts

43. Howship's Lecunae are known to be associated with which of the following cells? a. osteocyte b. osteoclast c. Osteoprogenitor d. Chondrocyte e. osteoblast

B. Osteoclasts

4. ________ cells are active during the normal growth of bones and may be activated in adult life during internal reorganization of bone or in the healing of fractures and repair of other forms of injury a. Osteoblast b. Osteoprogenitor c. Osteoclast d. Osteocyte e. osteogenesis

B. Ostroprogenetor

9. The endosteum is composed of a thin layer of ________ a. Stratified squamous cells b. Squamous cells c. Cuboidal cells d. Columnar cells e. Pseudostratified

B. Squamous cells

11. Joints in which there is little or no movement are called _____ a. Synchondrosis b. Synarthrosis c. Syndenosis d. Diarthrosis e. Synostosis

B. Synarthrosis

32. Cancellous bone is composed of lamellae with relatively large traveculae usually penetrated by blood vessels a. Sometimes false b. False c. Usually true d. B and E only e. Never true

D. B and E only

44. ___________ is a substance that increases the permeability of capillaries and venules and also has a marked effect upon the blood pressure a. Heparin b. Neophaperin c. Ferritin d. Histamine e. antigen

D. Histamine

38. Experimental studies of spleen colonies has revealed that the monocyte-macrophage cell line shared with the granulocytes a common committed cell- CFU-GM. The monoblast is described from colonies in cell culture and is known to give rise to a. Myeloblasts b. Lymphoblasts c. Monocytes d. Promonocytes e. Pluripotent cell

D. Promonocytes

8. Cancellous bone consists of a three dimensional lattice of branching spicules of __________ a. Diaphysis b. Medullary c. Cancellous d. Trabeculae e. Epiphysis

D. Trabeculae

40. Traditionally, the blood cells have been divided into ________ categories according to their origin a. six b. eight c. three d. two e. Four

D. Two

The formed elements of connective tissue are embedded in a matrix of __________ a. Viscous collagen b. Gelatin c. Amorphous gelatin d. Homogeneous ground e. Amorphous ground substance

E. Amorphous ground substance

34. __________ cartilage is the most common and characteristic type a. elastic b. Reticular c. fibrocartilage d. endosteum e. hyaline

E. Hyaline

35. During hemopoiesis the stage following the polychromatophilic erythroblast is the _________ a. Proerythroblast b. Basophilic erythroblast c. CFU-B d. Reticulocyte e. Normal blast

E. Normal blast

39. During hemopoiesis the polypoidy concentration is a characteristic of ______ cell lineage. a. granulopoiesis b. Monopoiesis c. Lymphopoiesis d. Erythropoiesis e. Thrombopoiesis

E. Thrombopoiesis

13. All of the following are mononuclear wandering cells except ________ a. Lymphocytes b. Monocytes c. Eosinophils d. Neutrophils e. Fibroblasts

E.fibroblast

Within the connective tissue there are two categories of cells, one being fixed cells and the other being wandering cells. Which one of the following has both these properties? a. Macrophages b. Mesenchymal cells c. Plasma cells d. Cartilage, fibroblasts e. fibroblasts

a. Macrophages

1. The school of hematologist held that the erythrocytes and granular leukocytes developed in different sites and from separate unimpotent cells in the marrow. This is _______ theory a. Polyphyletic b. Mononuclear c. Unitarian d. Monophyletic e. Dualistic

a. Polyphyletic

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone administration? a. causes mobilization of calcium by promoting bone absorption b. acts to suppress mobilization of calcium from bone c. increase glycosaminoglycans in ground substance of bone d. a and b only

a. causes mobilization of calcium by promoting bone absorption

In connective tissue proper, which one of the following is the principal agent of repair? a. Fibroblasts b. Platelets c. Mast cells d. Elastic fibers e. Collagenous fibers

a. fibroblasts

5. The bone marrow, in terms of histological organization, consists of blood cells, their precursors, and adipose cells close packed within the meshes of a loose stroma. a. True b. Only first part true (up to precursors) c. False d. Partily true e. Only last part true

b. Only first part true (up to precursors)

2. A ______is defined as a cell capable of self-replication or differentiation or both. These cells may either remain undifferentiated, or may differentiate into more mature cells that are unipotential a. Comitted stem cell b. PHSC c. CFU-B d. CFU-M e. CFU-E

b. PHSC (pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell)

7. In this tissue type small bundles of thin collagenous fibrils form complex 3D networks, whose interstices are coupled by large numbers of free coils. a. Reticular connective tissue b. Dense regular connective tissue c. Dense irregular connective tissue d. Elastic connective tissue e. Loose connective tissue

c. Dense irregular connective tissue

Two different modes of osteoprogenesis are recognized embryos which are a. ossification and resorption b. periosteal and perichondral c. Intramembranous and endochondral d. intracartilagenous and endochondral e. endochondral and endosteum

c. Intramembranous and endochondral

3. In developing embryos, three successive phases are recognized in which their principle site of blood cell formation shifts from one region to another. The first phase of formation is a. Myeloid phase b. Body stalk c. Mesoblastic phase (yolk sac) - 1st phase d. Mesenchymal phase- third phase e. Hepatic phase- second phase

c. Mesoblastic phase (yolk sac) - 1st phase

15. Name the two leukocytes present in peripheral blood, which arises from bone and lymphatic tissue (spleen) and is associated with immunological responses. a. Monocytes and eosinophils b. Platelets and lymphocytes c. Monocytes and lymphocytes d. Neutrophils and platelets e. Basophils and eosinophils

c. Monocytes and lymphocytes

What cell type has a very important function in resistance to disease and isprinciple producer of antibodies? a. Reticular b. Elastic c. Plasma d. Adipose e. Collagen

c. Plasma

_______ is a specialized form of connective tissue consisting of cells, _________, and extra cellular fibers embedded in a gel-like matrix a. cartilage, osteocytes b. bone, osteocytes c. cartilage, chondrocytes d. cartilage, fibroblasts e. bone, fibrocytes

c. cartilage, chondrocytes

16. The principle cells of fully formed bone are the ______ which reside in lacunae within the calcified interstitial substances. a. Osteoblasts b. Osteoclasts c. Osteocytes d. Progenitor cells e. osteomalacia

c. osteocytes

The stain used to observe the fibers of lymphoid tissue is _______ Silver nitro a. Methylene Blue b. Acid silver c. Silver nitrate d. H and E stain

c. silver nitrate

36. If ________, is dentured boiling or by chemical treatment, it yields a familiar substance ___________ a. elastin, gelatin b. areolar connective tissue, gelatin c. collagen, reticulum d. Collagen, gelatin e. collagen, tropocollagen

d. Collagen, gelatin

Which of the following fibers is present in all types of connective tissue but vary greatly in their abundance? a. Reticular fibers b. Elastic fibers c. Areolar fibers d. Collagenous fibers e. Fathyritic fibers

d. Collagenous fibers

6. The correct sequence of tissue preparation is _____________ a. Fixation, sectioning, mounting, staining, embedding b. Embedding, fixation, sectioning, staining, mounting c. Fixation, staining, sectioning, embedding, mounting d. Fixation, embedding, sectioning, staining mounting e. Embedding, sectioning, fixation, staining, mounting

d. Fixation, embedding, sectioning, staining mounting

__________ are similar to tendon, except that the elements are somewhat less regularly arranged. a. Fasciae b. Muscles c. Fibroblasts d. Ligaments

d. Ligaments

Which of the following is NOT true of erythrocytes? a. lacks nucleus in mature state b. biconcave disc shaped cells c. contains hemoglobin d. true cells e. all are true statements

d. true cells

Mast cells are now recognized as sensitive sentinels detecting foreign substances and initiating a local inflammatory response in the tissues. They are known to carry out the following responses except: a. Anticoagulation b. Increase vascular permeability c. Causes contraction of smooth muscles d. Participates in local defense mechanisms e. Each statement above is true

e. Each statement above is true

The process of transformation of blood cells is called hemopoiesis, and the sites where it occurs are referred to as ___________ a. Hempoiesis b. lymphoid elements c. Myelopoiesis d. myeloid elements e. Hemopoietic organs

e. Hemopoietic organs

_________ are cells frequently found in shallow concavities called Howship's lacunae and engaged in bone resorption a. osteoprogenitor cells b. Osteoblasts c. Myloblast d. osteocytes e. Osteoclasts

e. Osteoclasts

45. Bones at the base of the skull, in the vertebral column, pelvis, and extemities are cartilaginous bones (stmt 1) because they are first formed of hyaline cartilage (stmt 2) a. Stmt 1 true, but stmt 2 false b. Stmt 2 true, stmt 1 should exclude pelvis c. Both stmt are true d. Both stmt are false e. Stmt 2 is true, but stmt 1 is false

e. Stmt 2 is true, but stmt 1 is false

The long bones of the extremities are first laid down in cartilage models, and their growth in the length depends upon intramembranous ossification (stmt1). The growth in diameter of the shaft is the result of deposition of new membrane bone beneath the periosteum (stmt 2). The compact bone forming the shaft of fully developed long bone is almost entirely the product of endochondral ossification (stmt 3). a. Stmt 1 is true, but stmts 2 & 3 are false b. Stmts 1 & 2 are true, but stmt 3 is false c. All stmts are true d. All stmts are false e. Stmt 2 is true, but stmts 3 & 1 are false

e. Stmt 2 is true, but stmts 3 & 1 are false

50. During this cell development the nucleus is extruded or rather pinched off surrounded by a very think film of cytoplasm. From the above information this cell line would best correspond to _______ a. thrombopoiesis b. granulopoiesis c. Monopoiesis d. lymphoiesis e. erythropoiesis

e. erythropoiesis

37. Hypertoxic(oxygen deficiency) stimulus to the marrow is mediated by a blood born hormonal agent called _________? a. hypoxia b. transferrin c. ferritin d. chromatin e. erythropoietin

e. erythropoietin

49. Marrow transplantation and chromosome marker studies have shown beyond a doubt that ______ originating in the marrow are capable of repopulating thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. a. erythrocytes b. Leukocytes c. Platelets d. Monocytes e. lymphocytes

e. lymphocytes

46. This hormone tends to inhibit bone resoprtion a. calcitonin b. parathyroid hormone c. Testosterone d. Rheobasen e. adrenal hormone

A. Calcitonin

42. Cartilage regeneration in the adult takes place by a process known as a. Chondrosis b. Hypertrophy c. Fibrolestosis d. Proliferation e. Metaplasia

A. Chondrosis

47. Which of the following is the smallest of the wandering cells of connective tissue? a. lymphocytes b. eosinophils c. Monocytes d. neutrophils e. erythrocytes

A. Lymphocytes

12. Which of the following blood cell formation stages does not belong in the same group as the others? a. Myeloblast b. Platelets c. CFU-M d. Megakaryoblast

A. Myeloblast

9. Cartilage is enclosed in a dense connective tissue covering called_________ a. Perichondrium b. Apneurosis c. Endochondrium d. Protochondrial e. Dense regular connective tissue

A. Perichondrium