Psychology Chapter 3

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. a. threshold of excitation b. depolarization c. action potential d. hyperpolarization

action potential

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories. a. pons b. hypothalamus c. corpus callosum d. amygdala

amygdala

The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves. a. central sulci b. hemisphere c. central gyrus d. longitudinal fissure

longitudinal fissure

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________. a. peripheral nerves b. brainstem c. internal organs d. spinal cord

spinal cord

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? a. Broca's area b. Wernicke's area c. hippocampus d. thalamus

Broca's area

Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results? a. Genetic factors are most important to determining whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia. b. Environmental factors are most important to determining whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia. c. Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia. d. Not enough information is provided in order to make a conclusion about environmental versus genetic contributions to schizophrenia.

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

The frontal lobe is located in the forward part of the brain, extending back to a fissure known as the central sulcus. The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. The topic of this reading is: a. Language b. Brain c. Frontal Lobe d. Emotion

Frontal Lobe

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury? a. Frontal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses. b. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. c. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors. d. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

The brain's parietal lobe is located immediately behind the frontal lobe, and is involved in processing information from the body's senses. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which is essential for processing sensory information from across the body. The topic of this reading is: a. Somatosensory cortex b. Parietal Lobe c. Frontal Lobe d. Your body senses

Parietal Lobe

The frontal lobe is located in the forward part of the brain, extending back to a fissure known as the central sulcus. The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. The Main Idea of this reading is: a. The frontal lobe sits as the back of the brain and is linked to the central sulcus. b. The frontal lobe is found at the front of the brain, and it is concerned with our reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. c. There is a fissure called the sulcus that extends backwards. d. The brain has a lobe and it is located at the front of the skull.

The frontal love is found at the front of the brain, and it is concerned with our reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language.

The brain's parietal lobe is located immediately behind the frontal lobe, and is involved in processing information from the body's senses. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which is essential for processing sensory information from across the body. The Main Idea of this reading is: a. There is a cortex called the somatosensory cortex. b. The parietal lobe is important because it is located behind the occipital lobe and has a cortex. c. The parietal lobe is located directly behind the frontal lobe and is involved in managing information from our senses. d. Your body senses information from the somatosensory cortex and acts on it.

The parietal love is located directly behind the frontal lobe and is involved in managing information from our senses.

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke? a. Wernicke's area b. Broca's area c. prefrontal cortex d. occipital cortex

Wernicke's area

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe? a. vision b. audition c. pain d. touch

audition

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation. a. norepinephrine b. GABA c. acetylcholine d. beta-endorphin

beta-endorphin

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors. a. biology b. psychology c. physiology d. neurology

biology

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. a. autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems b. autonomic; somatic nervous systems c. central; peripheral nervous systems d. parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems

central; peripheral nervous systems

A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain. a. magnet resonance imaging (MRI) b. positron emission tomography (PET) c. computerized tomography (CT) scan d. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

computerized tomography (CT) scan

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. a. schizophrenia b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. depression d. Parkinson's disease

depression

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior. a. dopamine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. glutamate

dopamine

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain? a. occipital b. parietal c. frontal d. temporal

frontal

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish? a. feel someone touching her hand b. groan and move her eyes c. hear someone talking to her d. speak in simple words

groan and move her eyes

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance. a. GABA b. emotional c. serotonin d. neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. a. pons b. medulla c. reticular formation d. cerebellum

reticular formation

motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. a. substantia nigra; dopamine b. motor cortex; acetylcholine c. substantia nigra; acetylcholine d. motor cortex; dopamine

substantia nigra; dopamine

The space between two neurons is called the ________. a. synapse b. soma c. vesicle d. terminal button

synapse

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? a. occipital b. temporal c. parietal d. frontal

temporal

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________. a. whether genes or environment cause a behavior or trait b. the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied c. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population d. how behaviors have changed over time

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

________ is a midbrain structure critical to movement. a. the medulla b. Wernicke's area c. the pons d. the ventral tegmental area

the ventral tegmental area