History 100

The Grand Canal was built by the Tang following a disastrous civil war between northern Buddhist monks and southern Confucian scholars.

FALSE

Christianity and Buddhism replaced the Roman and Han imperial governments, inasmuch as they acted to unify their respective regions after those empires ended.

FALSE -Christianity acted as a culturally unifying force after political leadership permanently splintered in western Europe. Confucianism and Confucian bureaucracy provided unity and continuity in China until a new imperial dynasty arose. Nonetheless, these belief systems did not replace the governments.

True or False? Han China had extensive knowledge of Roman society because of the official Zhang Qian, who lived as a hostage in eastern Rome for ten years.

FALSE Zhang Qian was held hostage among the Xiongnu nomads who lived west of China, but far east of the Roman Empire. While he was there, he heard about Bactria, India, and Persia.

Like ancient Egypt, Teotihuacán was centered around a large river and its fertile floodplain.

False --There was no integrating river or floodplain in Mesoamerica.

True or False: Rome and Han China used the same techniques of conquest and governance as earlier Persian and Mauryan Empires; they simply used these techniques to manage more territory than those earlier empires

False: What differentiated Rome and Han China from earlier empires was their commitment to integrating conquered neighbors and rivals into their worlds. Subject peoples became members of empires, not just the vanquished.

Match these women with their historical significance in the spread of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia

Fatima Correct label: daughter to the Prophet Aisha Correct label: collected the sayings of Muhammad Khadija Correct label: first convert to Islam

Between 600 and 1000 CE, the newest and most powerful force that split and divided the peoples of Afro-Eurasia was religion

TRUE

T OR F? According to Japanese sources and claims, Prince Shotoku introduced Buddhism to Japan in addition to promoting Confucianism during his reign

TRUE pg.421

Like other imperial rulers, the Abbasids relied on *force to integrate their empire, eventually enlisting the help of professional and *non-Arab soldiers, and even embracing Turkish elements from central *Asia.

"The Army"

Which of the following statements are correct about the political, social, and cultural institutions as a result of the Bantu migrations?

- Bantu speakers spread a political and social order that was based on family and clan structures -Belief system and their deities remained local

Identify the results of Bantu migration throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

- They took over most of the hunting and gathering populations who originally inhabited the areas -They became prosperous by applying their knowledge of iron smelting to agriculture -They exploited banana cultivation to takeover the equatorial rain forests to central Asia

Muhammad and his followers created an empire to facilitate the expansion of their faith, while their Christian counterparts inherited an empire when Constantine embraced the new faith.

- created - faith - inherited - Constantine

Which two features of universalizing religions are most clearly illustrated in Egeria's account?

- the deep sense of community felt by religious believers -appeal to diverse populations

After his journey from Mecca, Muhammad put forth a declaration requiring all community disputes to be referred to God and his truest Prophet. What is the name of this declaration?

-- The Constitution Medina All residents of Medina were expected to replace traditional family, clan, and tribal affiliations with loyalty to Muhammad as the last and the truest Prophet of God.

Which statements accurately summarize the causal relationship between climate change and political fragmentation in the Islamic Empires?

---Drought pushed Turkish pastoralists to move into Islamic urban centers, further destabilizing regions that were already politically fragmented. ---Severe climate conditions exacerbated famine and disease, which weakened the Abbasid Empire and enabled the Seljuk conquest of Baghdad.

Which conclusions can you draw from Primary Source 10.1 (Click here to review the reading), the account of Bar Sāwmā's pilgrimage?

--A network of Christian religious leaders communicated with one another across western Asia. --There was a Christian community in China at the time of Kublai Khan's reign.

Harun al-Rashid

--Abbasid dynasty --once sent the gift of an elephant to another ruler --capital city of his domain was almost forty square miles

Identify the correct statements regarding the role of monasticism in the spread of Christianity throughout Europe, and drag them to this photograph of the St. Gallen Monastery.

--Copies of the Bible were produced in monasteries by hand and in Latin, a sacred language for Roman Catholics. -- This monastic tradition did not originate in Europe.

This image, which shows books being burned and scholars being tossed alive into a burial pit, was created over 1,700 years after Shi Huangdi (allegedly) ordered these events to be carried out.

--Knowledge is powerful and political leaders across time have used censorship to reinforce their power --Shi Huangdi was a tyrant with no respect for the knowledge and scholarship at the heart of Chinese society

Horyuji Temple Japan

--Like Korea, early Japan engaged in cultural borrowing from China. --Known for its elevated burial sites, the Tomb Culture helped unify Japan. --The introduction of Buddhism and Confucianism in Japan motivated Shinto adherents to organize their beliefs. --The promotion of Buddhism as a state religion gave Japan status and prestige

Christianity was born on the eastern edge of the Roman Empire, and the growth and message of the religion were deeply affected by this context. In what ways was this true?

--Palestine was connected to the rest of the Mediterranean world by a complex web of Roman roads and maritime trade routes, enabling Christian ideas to spread widely throughout the empire. -- The crucifixion of Jesus was part of Rome's standard practice of using their legal system in conquered territories and appointing leaders, like Pontius Pilatus, to administer provinces.

the spread of Islam into chronological order

--The Christian Byzantine Empire controlled the cities of Carthage, Alexandria, and Damascus. -Muslim soldiers, under the leadership of the "rightly guided caliphs," gained control of Alexandria, Damascus, and most of the Sasanian Empire. -The Muslim Umayyad caliphate took control of western Mediterranean cities like Carthage, Cordoba, and Toledo. -The Abbasid caliphate replaced the Umayyad caliphate and shifted the center of Islamic leadership east to Baghdad.

Melaka

--key cosmopolitan entrepôt located to the east of the Bay of Bengal --place where Indian, Javanese, and Chinese merchants traded and waited for the winds to change

Cairo and/or Alexandria

--place where hand-copied Bibles, Talmuds, and Qurans were traded --place where numerous Muslim and Jewish trading firms conducted business and maintained a lookout post --the Mediterranean's main maritime commercial centers --gateway to Europe for Chinese textiles

Charlemagne

--viewed as a "political lightweight" by Islamic rulers --Holy Roman Emperor -- expanded his western European kingdom through war and plunder

Between - CE, religion reinforced by prosperity and imperial resources brought people together in unprecedented ways, but eventually drove them against each other in -.

-600 - 1000 CE -prosperity -bloody confrontations

Which one of the following statements is an accurate comparison of Han China and Rome?

In Han China, Confucianism supported imperial power, and Confucian scholars helped administer the empire. In imperial Rome, leaders claimed military prowess, and professional soldiers took part in governance

Yungang

-created in meditative poses -2500 miles from Bamiyan

Buddhas at Bamiyan

-destroyed by the Taliban in 2001 -described by Xuanzang in the mid-seventh century CE

Universalizing Religions

-sense of community -appeal to diverse populations -adaptability with regard to culture and geography -universal rules and principles -imperial political support -energetic and charismatic missionaries

The Surah 4 of the Quran, An-Nisa, largely addresses property and marriage rights of women. In combination with various hadith, religious scholars used it to formulate sharia. By contrast, the Law of Adamnan restricts armies from harming women and children during warfare. It was signed by kings, nobles, and religious authorities, but it is not clear if it was successfully enforced.

.

Ibn Battuta, describing the experience of Christian pilgrims to holy sites near Jerusalem

All who come on pilgrimage to visit it pay a stipulated tax to the Muslims, and suffer very unwillingly various humiliations."

What do the 2018 laser scans in Mesoamerica suggest about the Maya?

Mayan cities were larger and far more interconnected that previously understood

How do scholars refer to the two great waves of travelers out of West Africa in this era?

Bantu migrations --They followed riverbeds and elephant trails, as they migrated to the south and east

Contact and connectivity fostered the spread of religions in the period from 300 to 600 CE. Which non-religious event supports the claim that there was connectivity between Afro-Eurasian societies' geographic spread

Bubonic Plague

Match these examples of Muslim cultural borrowing and diffusion with their source regions to illustrate the blossoming of Abbasid culture.

China Correct label: development and use of paper Correct label: siege warfare India Correct label: numbering system based upon the concept of zero ancient Greece Correct label: knowledge of plants Correct label: translations of Aristotle and Hippocrates

Which of the following descriptions reflects the actual experiences of the Chinese population in Han society?

Elite families privately enjoyed the kinds of luxuries and entertainment that were previously only available at big, public events

Which statement best describes the career of Empress Wu?

Empress Wu was a prominent example of the power royal wives and mothers

What was the truly distinct theological message that separated eastern Greek Orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism in the west?

Jesus facilitated theosis rather than simply atoning for mankinds sins

Which is the most accurate description of the manner in which Octavian established his position as emperor of Rome?

Octavian claimed many traditional titles, each of which granted him power over part of the Roman government. He was thus able to secure absolute power w/o actually claiming to be king. Romans disliked the idea of having a king, so Octavian strategically obtained all the powers of a monarch without calling himself one.

Which of the following best explains why Tang Chinese merchants exchanged silk and porcelain in South China port cities with foreign merchants?

Rebellions in the northwest and the rise of Islam in Central Asia jeopardized land routes

What factors enabled the Qin state to overcome the other warring states?

The Qin State used the valuable natural resources and trade revenues in the Sichuan region to increase its food production and thus its military strength

The Tang era represented the _________ of two homegrown ideologies, _________ and Daoism, over the foreign universalizing religion of _______

The Tang era represented the *triumph of two homegrown ideologies, *Confucianism and Daoism, over the foreign universalizing religion of *Buddhism

The Tang state relied upon pastoral nomadic people like the - to bolster its military. These - people lived in western China. They were effective soldiers who fought in -, used longbows for long-distance fighting, and also engaged in hand-to-hand combat.

The Tang state relied upon pastoral nomadic people like the Uighurs to bolster its military. These Turkish-speaking people lived in western China. They were effective soldiers who fought in cavalries, used longbows for long-distance fighting, and also engaged in hand-to-hand combat

al-Umari, reporting on the interactions between a West African king and a government official in Cairo

This sultan Mūsā told [the governor of Old Cairo] a great deal about ... his country and the people of the Sūdān who were his neighbours

Art collectors throughout Afro-Eurasia desired Tang textiles, such as brocade and tricolor pottery with brilliant hues produced in workshops in the Yangzi delta

True

Both Christianity and Buddhism are considered universalizing religions in this era.

True

stone inscription, left in Sri Lanka by Zheng He to describe the extensive voyages of the Ming fleet

We have dispatched missions to announce our mandate to foreign nations, and during their journey over the ocean they have ... escaped disaster ... and journeyed in safety to and fro."

The Han dynasty fought, negotiated, and traded with the Xiongnu to its north and west. Were these interactions similar to those between Rome and the Germanic and Gothic peoples?

Yes, they were similar in the sense that Rome considered the Germans and Goths a threat, while at the same time engaging in extensive economic interactions with them.

Marco Polo, describing the services available for long-distance merchants in the Mongol capital of Khan-balik

Within each suburb there are ... many ... caravanserais, in which the merchants arriving from various parts take up their abode.

When did Muslims begin to see their religion as a new faith that was meaningfully distinct from Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism?

approximately fifty years after the death of Muhammad during the Leadership of Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik

Wood Tablet

carved on wood connected dispersed on villages in Mesoamerica reflect the importance of scribes

which of the following statements are reasonable conclusions to draw from these two maps

correct answers: the roman empire constructed significantly more roads and developed inland economic resources more extensively than its predecessors the roman empire integrated many Greek and Phoenician trade routes, regional products and trade cities into its own economic system

Drag the correct descriptions of the Vikings to the image of the Oseberg ship

established commercial ties linking Scandinavia to Constantinople Correct label: colonized the Labrador coast of North America by 982 CE Correct label: crossed the open waters of the Atlantic in ships such as the Oseberg

Islam spread to communities across the Sahara Desert and into West Africa, in part, carried by traders who sought to do which of the following?

exchange weapons and textiles for gold, salt, and slaves

Match the correct descriptions to this image of an individual representing a powerful military and political force in Tang China

formed an all-encompassing network throughout Tang China -- eunuchs who wielded significant power in the imperial household --eventually a third pillar of Tang imperial rule

Quilon

supported by the Chola dynasty tenth-century nerve center between China, the Red Sea, and the Mediterranean trade in Arabian horses, elephants, and spices

Scroll

reflect the importance of scribes

The Great Mosque at Mecca is considered by many to be the most sacred spot in Islam. Drag the correct descriptions of the five pillars of Islam to the image of this city, in which you see thousands of Muslims practicing their faith.

religious travel during one's lifetime Correct label: prayer throughout the day Correct label: religious fasting that lasts a lunar month Correct label: belief in monotheism Correct label: alleviate the plight of the poor

Why were the "rightly guided caliphs" successful following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE?

they linked correct religious practice with universal appeal in addition to empire building and territorial expansion