History 1302 Chapter 16 -17

Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?

1880

Between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?

25 million

From 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the number of people lynched reached nearly: Answer Selected Answer:

5,000.

Which of the following was not true of the second industrial revolution?

A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production.

What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases? Answer Selected Answer:

Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886?

America's first nationwide railroad strike

Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights? Answer Selected Answer:

Booker T. Washington

What Indian chief said, "If the white man wants to live in peace with the Indian he can live in peace. There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them all and even chance to live and grow"? Answer Selected Answer:

Chief Joseph

the immigrants facing the harshest reception in late nineteenth-century America were those arriving from Answer Selected Answer:

China.

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:

Cooperative commonwealth

As the subordination of blacks grew more rigid, American attitudes toward immigrants grew more tolerant.

F

Beginning about 1880, "new immigrants" were welcomed with open arms by the American people.

F

In a show of democratic solidarity on the part of the American people, the Farmers' Alliance, especially in the southern states, welcomed black farmers into the Alliance.

F

In the 1880s and 1890s, blacks no longer served in the United States Congress.

F

In the late nineteenth century urban workers rallied in support of Populist farmers.

F

Only after Spain threatened to invade America did the United States elect to go to war.

F

Turn-of-the-century segregation laws were passed in clear defiance of Supreme Court rulings.

F

According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations. Answer Selected Answer:

False

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership. Answer Selected Answer:

False

At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious. Answer Selected Answer:

False

During the two decades following the Civil War which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid. Answer Selected Answer:

False

Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society. Answer Selected Answer:

False

Ironically, the Farmers Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers. Answer Selected Answer:

False

The Democrats were the party of big government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire. Answer Selected Answer:

False

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement. Answer Selected Answer:

False

The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches. Answer Selected Answer:

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse. Answer Selected Answer:

False

The new Indian tribes that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there. Answer Selected Answer:

False

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America. Answer Selected Answer:

False

Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive, taxation. Answer Selected Answer:

False

What 1893 United States Supreme Court decision authorized the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law? Answer Selected Answer:

Fong Yue Ting

The 1892 presidential election was won by: Answer Selected Answer:

Grover Cleveland, the Democrat.

Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor? Answer Selected Answer:

Haymarket Square

Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?

Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer:

Irish-Americans.

Which of the following was not a central principle of the American Federation of Labor? Answer Selected Answer:

It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill.

The leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief was: Answer Selected Answer:

Jacob Coxey.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? Answer Selected Answer:

Kansas Exodus; Civil Rights Cases; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta address; Plessy v. Ferguson

Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African Americans migrated to: Answer Selected Answer:

Kansas.

hich of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

Munn v. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York

What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks? Answer Selected Answer:

Plessy vs. Ferguson.

The book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes: Answer Selected Answer:

Progress and Poverty

What was the name of the railroad car company against which workers struck in 1894? Answer Selected Answer:

Pullman

The coalition of merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs who dominated politics in the American South after 1877 called themselves: Answer Selected Answer:

Redeemers.

The nation's urban working class voters shifted their support en masse to the Republican Party in 1894 in significant degree because: Answer Selected Answer:

Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.

Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's Company? Answer Selected Answer:

Standard Oil Company

An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist Movement.

T

By 1900, southern per capita income was only sixty percent of that of the national average.

T

Government intervention was vital to the defeats of the 1892 Homestead strike and the 1894 Pullman strike.

T

In 1882 and again in 1902, the United States Congress passed laws excluding immigrants from China

T

In 1894 a coalition of white Populists and black Republicans won control of North Carolina, bringing the state into a sort of "second Reconstruction."

T

In 1894, in one of the most decisive shifts in congressional power in American history, the nation's urban working class shifted en masse to the Republican Party, and Republicans gained 117 seats in the House of Representatives.

T

In 1915, the United States Supreme Court invalidated the "grandfather clause" for violating the Fifteenth Amendment.

T

In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks.

T

Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.

T

Most Americans who looked to expand America's influence overseas were interested, not in territorial possessions, but in expanded trade.

T

One consequence of the bitter attacks on African-Americans' political rights across the South was that, by 1940, 97 percent of adult black Southerners were not registered to vote.

T

Populists in western states endorsed woman suffrage.

T

Segregation was more than a form of racial separation. It was one part of an all-encompassing system of white domination.

T

Southern Democrats persistently raised to the threat of "Negro domination" to justify denying blacks the right to vote.

T

Southern Populists forged notable alliances between black and white farmers. Answer Selected Answer:

T

The 1890s saw a widespread imposition not only of disfranchisement, but also of segregation in the South.

T

The election of 1896 is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign, in part, because of the amount of money spent—William McKinley raised some $10 million, while William Jennings Bryant raised only around $300,000.

T

Tom Watson, who had earlier been a leading figure in forging an interracial Populist coalition had, by the early twentieth century, emerged as a power in Georgia, whipping up prejudice against African-Americans, Catholics, and Jews.

T

Until the Great Migration of black Americans from the rural South to the urban North during World War I, the vast majority of African-Americans lived in the South.

T

With the exception of some dockworkers' and mine laborers' unions, blacks were excluded from membership in the few unions that existed in the South in the late nineteenth century.

T

The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable and favoritism avoided was: Answer Selected Answer:

The Interstate Commerce Commission

Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?

The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.

Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders? Answer Selected Answer:

Theodore Roosevelt

Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were

Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie

"Vertically integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution. Answer Selected Answer:

True

A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land. Answer Selected Answer:

True

By the 1880s, the labor situation was as such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay. Answer Selected Answer:

True

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows and children, consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget. Answer Selected Answer:

True

During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood. Answer Selected Answer:

True

Following the Civil War generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the Indian economy. Answer Selected Answer:

True

In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West. Answer Selected Answer:

True

In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture. Answer Selected Answer:

True

Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees, Answer Selected Answer:

True

Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment. Answer Selected Answer:

True

On 29 December 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 Indians, most women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished. Answer Selected Answer:

True

The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a 10-hour day maximum for bakers. Answer Selected Answer:

True

Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns. Answer Selected Answer:

True

A leading opponent of American imperialism was Answer Selected Answer:

William Jennings Bryan.

The congressman from Nebraska who was the Democratic Party nominee for president in 1896, and who called for the "free coinage" of silver was: Answer Selected Answer:

William Jennings Bryan.

The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was: Answer Selected Answer:

William Marcy Tweed.

The 1892 People's Party platform, written by Ignatius Donnelly and adopted at the party's Omaha convention, proposed all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer:

a decentralization over the control of currency.

Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion? Answer Selected Answer:

a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures

Which of the following was not a factor behind the spread of segregation and disfranchisement laws in the South? Answer Selected Answer:

a growing insistence by blacks that whites simply leave them alone

The "subtreasury plan" was: Answer Selected Answer:

a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.

Which was not one of the devices used by Southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage? Answer Selected Answer:

a religious test

The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be: Answer Selected Answer:

a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization: Answer Selected Answer:

calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.

Which of the following was not a grievance of the Farmers Alliance and the Populists? Answer Selected Answer:

excessive power of the labor unions

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance?" Answer Selected Answer:

feared by U. S. Army officials

Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age?

federal income tax levels

According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by:

granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.

The 1887 Dawes Act: Answer Selected Answer: .

led to the loss of tribal lands, and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions

Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?

low tariffs

In 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed? Answer Selected Answer:

none

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

Which was not principally one of the networks by which women exerted a growing influence on public affairs in the late nineteenth century? Answer Selected Answer:

political party organizations

The 1897 Dingley Tariff: Answer Selected Answer:

raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time.

All of the following were Captains of Industry except:

samuel gompers

During the 1880s, the South as a regional whole: Answer Selected Answer:

sank deeper and deeper into poverty.

The Redeemers in the South: Answer Selected Answer:

slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.

Which type of industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune? Answer Selected Answer:

steel

What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers? Answer Selected Answer:

the American Federation of Labor

The largest citizens' movement of the nineteenth century was: Answer Selected Answer:

the Farmers Alliance.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as:

the Great Depression.

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886? Answer Selected Answer:

the Knights of Labor

The Industrial Revolution in the United States took place principally in:

the Northeast and the Midwest.

What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China? Answer Selected Answer:

the Open Door policy

What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished? Answer Selected Answer:

the Philippine War

The name for the coalition of black Republicans and anti-Redeemer Democrats that governed the state of Virginia from 1879 to 1883 was: Answer Selected Answer:

the Readjuster movement.

"The splendid little war" of 1898 was: Answer Selected Answer:

the Spanish-American War.

The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?

the airplane

In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives: Answer Selected Answer:

the battleship Maine

In 1890 the distribution of wealth in the United States was:

the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent

Which of the following was not a leading strategy of the Populists? Answer Selected Answer:

using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause