history 1378 exam 1 uh tillerey

63. Which American writer would be LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? A. Mark Twain B. Upton Sinclair C. Frank Norris D. Stephen Crane E. Theodore Dreiser

A. Mark Twain

4. In the United States, the steel industry first emerged in A. Pennsylvania and Ohio. B. Vermont and Massachusetts. C. Illinois and Indiana. D. New Jersey and New York. E. Alabama and Mississippi.

A. Pennsylvania and Ohio.

69. The high degree of party loyalty in the late nineteenth century is explained primarily by A. the parties' stances on economic issues. B. a voter's occupation. C. the parties' stances on social issues. D. a voter's ethnic background. E. a voter's regional background.

E. a voter's regional background.

28. The Molly Maguires were a militant A. offshoot of the Knights of Labor. B. anti-immigration organization. C. woman suffrage organization. D. anarchist group. E. labor union in the coal industry.

E. labor union in the coal industry.

7.In the 1870s, the "internal combustion engine" was developed in A. Europe. B. the United States. C. Asia. D. Africa. E. Australia.

A. Europe.

34. Samuel Gompers was the leader of the A. American Federation of Labor. B. Molly Maguires. C. Knights of Labor. D. Congress of Industrial Organization. E. American Railway Union.

A. American Federation of Labor.

70. In the late nineteenth century, Democrats tended to attract the greater numbers of A. Catholics. B. citizens of old American stock. C. the middle class. D. Protestants. E. northern blacks.

A. Catholics.

49. In 1882, the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of their nationality were A. Chinese. B. Japanese. C. Mexicans. D. Slavs. E. Irish.

A. Chinese.

26. During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from A. Italy and the Slavic countries. B. Great Britain and northern Europe. C. Poland, Hungary and Russia. D. Japan and China. E. Mexico.

B. Great Britain and northern Europe.

12. Which of the following statements about the American railroad industry in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? A. It included the nation's largest businesses. B. It saw Congress outlaw railroad combinations. C. It relied partially on government subsidies for its growth. D. It was among the first to adopt new corporate form of organization. E. It became a national symbol of concentrated economic power.

B. It saw Congress outlaw railroad combinations.

27. Which of the following is true regarding work conditions in American factories in 1900? A. Workers generally controlled the pace of production. B. Laborers could expect to work at least sixty hours a week. C. Job security for industrial workers had significantly increased since 1865. D. While safety conditions were poor, mechanization reduced the overall rate of accidents. E. First-generation workers generally had little trouble adjusting to the nature of industrial labor.

B. Laborers could expect to work at least sixty hours a week.

41. The 1920 census of the United States revealed that A. the western frontier had ended. B. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. C. for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. D. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. E. California was now the most populous state.

B. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas.

71. A voter's party identification in the nineteenth century was usually a reflection of A. economic status. B. cultural background. C. age. D. occupation. E. gender.

B. cultural background.

33. At its height in 1886, the Knights of Labor were led by A. Uriah S. Stephens. B. Eugene V. Debs. C. Henry Clay Frick. D. Terence V. Powderly. E. John Peter Altgeld.

D. Terence V. Powderly.

89. The "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by A. William McKinley. B. Grover Cleveland. C. Mark Hanna. D. William Jennings Bryan. E. James Weaver.

D. William Jennings Bryan.

84. In 1892, the People's Party called for A. government subsidies of water for agricultural use. B. the federal government to purchase surplus crops. C. a flat income tax for all rural businesses. D. a government network of crop warehouses. E. government subsidies of wheat, corn, and cotton.

D. a government network of crop warehouses.

43. By 1890, the percentage of the populations of Chicago, New York, and Detroit that were made up of immigrants was roughly A. 20-30 percent. B. 40-50 percent. C. 50-60 percent. D. 60-65 percent. E. 80-85 percent.

E. 80-85 percent.

13.During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped A. by sales of company stock to the public. B. by "limited liability" laws. C. by the realization that great ventures could not be financed by any single person. D. by both sales of company stock to the public and "limited liability" laws. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

25. In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers A. saw a rise in their standard of living. B. experienced a loss in their control over their own work. C. were forced to contend with arduous and dangerous working conditions. D. both saw a rise in their standard of living, and experienced a loss in their control over their own work. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

3. The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer A. included blowing air through molten iron. B. involved adding ingredients to molten iron. C. was also developed by an American, William Kelly. D. included both blowing air through and adding ingredients to molten iron. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

36. During the late nineteenth century, anarchists in the United States A. were relatively peaceful. B. were linked with violence and terrorism in the public mind. C. became tied to the labor movement in the public mind. D. were both relatively peaceful and linked with violence and terrorism in the public mind. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

Ideology of success

they were comforted and given hope to know that hard work will make them successful eventually

Darwinism

Darwinism- big businesses, appealed to people in favor of Laissez-faire and growing economy, it was the reason for their success

differences for ideologies

1. Social Darwinism believed that in order to be considered the fittest they must have wealth, social status and estates, While Gospel of Wealth didn't believe in having wealth, social status or estate to be considered wealthy. 2. Social Darwinism speaks to economic followers meanwhile Gospel of wealth speaks to Christians. ECONOMICS vs. RELIGION

Similarities for ideologies

1. Theories brought up during the Gilded Age. 2. Government should not regulate the marketplace or attempt social reform. 3. Anyone could prosper with hard work, intelligence, and perseverance 4. If government intervened with the natural way of life then it will promote the wrong message to the common man. 5. Both agreed on Ideology of success and laissez-faire.

86. The economic decline that followed the Panic of 1893 demonstrated the A. degree to which the American economy had become interconnected. B. need for a national stock market. C. need for the enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act. D. decline in importance of railroads over the previous decade. E. staying power of many new, aggressive businesses.

A. degree to which the American economy had become interconnected.

88. In the 1890s, farmers favored the federal government's coinage of silver because A. it would result in an inflation of currency. B. they considered paper money to be worthless. C. it would allow them to carry more debt. D. they believed it would result in lower prices. E. it would mean more money for western miners, and thus the West.

A. it would result in an inflation of currency.

64. According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by A. scientific inquiry. B. inherited ideals. C. democratic tradition. D. moral principles. E. religious faith.

A. scientific inquiry.

42. The largest number of immigrants to the United States in the late nineteenth century came from A. southern and eastern Europe. B. Mexico and Central America. C. Great Britain and Germany. D. China and Japan. E. Ireland and Italy.

A. southern and eastern Europe.

37. In what industry did the Homestead strike of 1892 occur? A. steel B. railroad C. meatpacking D. coal E. oil

A. steel

90. The 1896 election results saw A. the Populist movement suffer a disastrous defeat. B. William McKinley carry the rural vote. C. William Jennings Bryan earn his greatest support in the industrial Northeast. D. the Republicans carry the South for the first time since the Civil War. E. William Jennings Bryan win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.

A. the Populist movement suffer a disastrous defeat.

5. In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT A. the automobile industry. B. steam engine technology. C. freighters on the Great Lakes. D. the Pennsylvania Railroad. E. the oil industry.

A. the automobile industry.

8. Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903 A. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. B. lasted just over one minute. C. did not in fact take off by itself. D. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself. E. All these answers are correct.

A. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

78. In 1886, the Supreme Court decided in the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois that an Illinois Granger law was A. unconstitutional because it infringed on Congress's exclusive power over interstate commerce. B. constitutional because states have the power to regulate commerce in their own borders. C. unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment. D. constitutional because it had been passed by both houses of the Illinois state legislature. E. unconstitutional because it violated the protections afforded in the First Amendment.

A. unconstitutional because it infringed on Congress's exclusive power over interstate commerce.

81. Compared to the Grange movement, the Farmers' Alliances A. were far more widespread. B. were created to replace Grange associations. C. had more effective and better managed cooperatives. D. sought a closer working relationship with banks. E. shunned the political system, emphasizing instead education and organization.

A. were far more widespread.

23. In the late nineteenth century, the social writer Henry George argued in favor of A. taxing only the richest Americans. B. a single land tax to replace all other taxes. C. government efforts to increase land values. D. heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry. E. abolishing all taxes.

B. a single land tax to replace all other taxes.

87. In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters A. demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance. B. called for a public works program for the unemployed. C. organized a march on Washington in plans to overthrow the government. D. were arrested by police, with many later deported as anarchists. E. demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.

B. called for a public works program for the unemployed.

16. To John D. Rockefeller, the great "curse" of business in the late nineteenth century was A. government regulation. B. cutthroat competition. C. the income tax. D. the corporate tax. E. the chronic labor shortage.

B. cutthroat competition.

80. In the late nineteenth century, the Granger laws supported the interests of A. industrial labor. B. farmers. C. capitalists. D. southerners. E. immigrants.

B. farmers.

22. In the late nineteenth century, Daniel De Leon A. created the ideas of laissez-faire. B. founded the Socialist Labor Party in the United States. C. argued that large corporations were ultimately of benefit to American workers. D. led the American Federation of Labor. E. became a strong advocate of Taylorism.

B. founded the Socialist Labor Party in the United States.

67. During the late nineteenth century, college education for American women A. did not exist. B. had expanded significantly. C. offered no coeducational opportunities. D. allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty. E. had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women.

B. had expanded significantly.

50. One significant innovation of urban America in the late nineteenth century was A. city fire-fighting companies. B. large public parks. C. paved roads. D. public hospitals. E. water treatment facilities

B. large public parks.

9.In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations A. occurred as federal funding for research greatly expanded. B. led to a diversification of research interests. C. developed similar research goals as in Europe. D. was deemed unnecessary since so many American university laboratories existed. E. centralized the sources of research funding.

B. led to a diversification of research interests

48. In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League A. sought a ban on all immigration to the United States for fifteen years. B. proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter. C. sought a ban on immigrants from Europe, but not Asia. D. called for the establishment of a tax on all immigrants. E. pushed strongly for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.

B. proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.

35. The Haymarket Square riot of 1886 A. saw public outrage over the police firing into a crowd of workers. B. resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists. C. took place in Indianapolis. D. resulted in a strike at the McCormick Harvester Company. E. proved the catalyst for several wide-ranging labor reforms.

B. resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists.

39. Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event? A. the Homestead strike B. the Pullman strike C. the Haymarket Square riot D. the Railroad strike of 1877 E. All these answers are correct.

B. the Pullman strike

60. Which of the following innovations did NOT occur in consumer goods in the late nineteenth century? A. the emergence of ready-made clothing B. the formation of credit card companies C. the ability to refrigerate foods artificially D. the opening of large department stores E. the development and mass production of tin cans

B. the formation of credit card companies

85. The Panic of 1893 A. grew out of a political scandal in the Cleveland administration. B. triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point. C. began with a drought in the Midwest. D. was blamed largely on Populist politics. E. grew out of the Cleveland administration's attempts at monetary reform.

B. triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point.

62. At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures A. had been invented by D. W. Griffith. B. were the first true mass entertainment medium. C. operated under strict morality codes. D. both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. E. All these answers are correct.

B. were the first true mass entertainment medium.

15. Who among the following began to develop an oil empire by taking control of competing oil companies in Ohio? A. Cyrus Field B. J.P. Morgan C. John D. Rockefeller D. Andrew Carnegie E. Samuel Morse

C. John D. Rockefeller

20. In his books, Horatio Alger A. offered true accounts of poor Americans who had become wealthy. B. took critical issue with the ideas of Social Darwinism. C. Paid Tribute to the possibility of social mobility in america D. criticized child labor in American industry. E. argued that wealth and privilege were ultimately hollow achievements.

C. Paid Tribute to the possibility of social mobility in america

30. The Knights of Labor A. was primarily a trade union. B. did not allow women to join. C. began as a secret fraternal organization. D. focused its efforts on improving wages and reducing hours. E. tried in particular to enlist support for their cause from lawyers.

C. began as a secret fraternal organization.

45. Compared with the first generation, second generation immigrants were more likely to A. hold on to their old ethnic habits. B. lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. C. break from their traditional culture. D. resist external social pressures to assimilate. E. return to the Old World for good.

C. break from their traditional culture.

38. The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman, owner of the company, A. ordered rail workers to move into company-owned housing. B. referred to workers as his "children." C. cut wages by 25 percent due to a slumping economy. D. refused to implement an eight-hour work day. E. began hiring African American workers in his factories.

C. cut wages by 25 percent due to a slumping economy.

52. Tenement buildings in urban America were A. first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s. B. intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings. C. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. D. subsidized by city governments. E. considered luxury housing by most urban residents.

C. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.

1. In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States A. obtained the bulk of its raw materials from Central and South America. B. faced a growing shortage of laborers. C. saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth. D. lacked adequate capital to expand the domestic market. E. suffered from an entrepreneurial deficit.

C. saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth.

83. In the 1890s, Populism appealed to A. the unemployed urban poor. B. unskilled industrial workers. C. small-scale farmers. D. urban middle-class reformers. E. All these answers are correct.

C. small-scale farmers.

11. A key to Henry Ford's success in mass production of automobiles was A. the use of welds instead of rivets to speed production. B. a reduction in the size of his labor force. C. the use of interchangeable parts. D. the training of highly skilled workers. E. his encouragement of labor unions in organizing his factories.

C. the use of interchangeable parts.

18. In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because A. they had not received a college education. B. racism and other prejudices held them back. C. they had poor individual character. D. business wealth was concentrated into the hands of a few. E. they were not members of "the Elect."

C. they had poor individual character

74. In the election of 1884, "mugwumps" were A. civil servants. B. supporters of James G. Blaine. C. unhappy Republicans who threatened to vote for the Democrats. D. conservatives who wanted to limit civil service reform. E. Democrats who crossed over party lines to support Grover Cleveland

C. unhappy Republicans who threatened to vote for the Democrats.

73. James A. Garfield A. opposed reform of the civil service system as president. B. was elected president with a commanding popular-vote margin. C. was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker. D. had been nominated by the Republicans because he was a loyal Stalwart. E. All these answers are correct.

C. was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker

29. The great railroad strike of 1877 A. began in the West and spread east. B. saw the federal government refuse to intervene. C. was launched in response to a wage cut. D. saw organized labor gain its first major victory in the United States. E. resulted in only two deaths around the country.

C. was launched in response to a wage cut.

76. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 A. was strongly opposed by congressional Republicans. B. signified that the era of trusts was ending. C. was used by the federal government against labor unions. D. was strengthened by the courts over the next decade. E. mirrored legislation passed earlier in New Jersey and Delaware.

C. was used by the federal government against labor unions.

72. In the late nineteenth century, as veterans of the Civil War retired, A. the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans. B. they were paid pensions by individual states, but not the federal government. C. the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans. D. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions. E. they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.

D. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.

61. In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to A. encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. B. improve the safety and quality of consumer products. C. protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. D. improve the wages and working conditions of employees of manufacturers and retailers. E. All these answers are correct.

D. improve the wages and working conditions of employees of manufacturers and retailers.

59. In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine A. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. B. was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. C. operated out of Chicago. D. operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. E. All these answers are correct.

D. operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.

57. In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the A. rapid growth of urban America. B. influx of millions of immigrants. C. lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities. D. rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. E. influx of millions of immigrants and the lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities.

D. rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants.

68. In the late nineteenth century, the most striking feature of the American party system was its A. ideological divisions. B. general activism. C. lack of corruption. D. remarkable stability. E. multiple parties.

D. remarkable stability.

53. In the 1890s, Jacob Riis A. favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities. B. crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities. C. documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins. D. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. E. pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities

D. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.

47. The primary goal of the American Protective Association was to A. require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government. B. limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States. C. give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities. D. stop immigrants from entering the United States. E. make English the official language of the United States.

D. stop immigrants from entering the United States.

75. As president, Grover Cleveland A. accused his political enemies of supporting "rum, Romanism, and rebellion." B. was reluctant to use the veto authority. C. supported high tariffs. D. was a fiscal conservative. E. enjoyed an uncomfortably close relationship with Tammany Hall.

D. was a fiscal conservative.

44. In the late nineteenth century, compared to other immigrant ethnic groups, Jews A. advanced rapidly economically. B. placed a high value on education. C. huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. D. both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

46. In the late nineteenth century, the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by A. the sale of American products. B. public education. C. church leaders. D. religious reform. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

54. By 1900, the transportation systems of American cities included A. elevated railroads. B. subways. C. electric trolleys and cable cars. D. suspension bridges. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

55. In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers A. led many city governments to create professional public police departments. B. swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900. C. was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups. D. was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create professional public police departments. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

66. In the late nineteenth century, American universities A. significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act. B. had a strong commitment to practical knowledge. C. began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. D. both had a strong commitment to practical knowledge, and began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

79. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 A. put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies. B. had little practical effect for decades. C. created a five-person commission to oversee the act. D. both created a five-person commission to oversee the act, and had little practical effect for decades. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

65. Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? A. It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools. B. By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance. C. Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well. D. Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites. E. Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

E. Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

In the late nineteenth century, the first and most important promoter of Social Darwinism was A. Henry George. B. Horatio Alger. C. Russell Conwell. D. Jacob Riis. E. Herbert Spencer.

E. Herbert Spencer.

6. The first significant oil production in the United States occurred in A. Ohio. B. Texas. C. California. D. Michigan. E. Pennsylvania.

E. Pennsylvania.

2. Prior to the Civil War, the steel industry in the United States A. boomed as a result of the expanding United States Navy. B. emerged as an important supplier for railroad construction. C. largely replaced the iron industry. D. resulted in the construction of large commercial ocean freighters. E. barely developed at all.

E. barely developed at all.

17. In the late nineteenth century, most American business millionaires A. railed against the implications of Social Darwinism. B. came from financially humble origins. C. were living examples of "self-made men." D. had made their fortune in the railroad industry. E. began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege

E. began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege

21. The late nineteenth century sociologist Lester Frank Ward A. suggested that industrialism was creating "Organization Men." B. believed that government intervention in society would be harmful. C. sought to apply Darwinian laws to human society. D. argued that people could do little to alter the economic stratification of society. E. believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society.

E. believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society.

24. Edward Bellamy's 1888 book, Looking Backward, A. described an America engaged in a second civil war due to concentrated wealth. B. promoted the virtues of economic competition. C. depicted a world presided over by an industrialist-king modeled on J. P. Morgan. D. accepted the necessity of class divisions in a capitalist economy. E. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.

E. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.

10. In the early twentieth century, a principle goal of "Taylorism" was to A. make industrial workers more independent in carrying out their jobs. B. emphasize the importance of craft and quality in the workplace. C. encourage industrial workers to act creatively to solve production problems. D. create a large labor force of highly skilled workers. E. organize industrial production into many simple tasks.

E. organize industrial production into many simple tasks.

58. In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT A. give out patronage. B. win votes for their political organization. C. provide material assistance to the poor. D. enrich themselves through graft and corruption. E. reduce the costs of city services.

E. reduce the costs of city services.

82. The election of 1892 A. saw Populism do well at the local level but fail to elect anyone to Congress. B. exposed the declining political power of farmers. C. saw the Republicans sweep into dominant power. D. saw few Populist-backed candidates get elected. E. saw the debut of the People's Party.

E. saw the debut of the People's Party.

56. Theodore Dreiser's 1900 novel, Sister Carrie, dealt with A. his belief that religious organizations were perverting society. B. the qualities of the upper class. C. the need to return to a more rural and natural life. D. the dehumanization of mass communications. E. social dislocations and injustices of the present

E. social dislocations and injustices of the present

77. In the late nineteenth century, the issue of primary interest to the Republican Party was A. restricting immigration. B. reducing taxation. C. a prohibition on alcohol. D. supporting public education. E. supporting high tariffs.

E. supporting high tariffs.

40. Organized labor in the late nineteenth century failed to make great gains due to all the following factors EXCEPT A. tensions between ethnic and racial groups, which divided the work force. B. labor unions being faced with powerful and wealthy corporations. C. geographical mobility, which served to dilute institutional ties and class consciousness. D. major labor organizations representing only a small percentage of the industrial work force. E. the absence of state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers.

E. the absence of state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers.

14. The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of A. vertical integration. B. horizontal integration. C. diagonal integration. D. central integration. E. vertical and horizontal integration.

E. vertical and horizontal integration.

51. In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by A. very poor people. B. the working class. C. moderately well-to-do people. D. people from all income backgrounds. E. very wealthy people.

E. very wealthy people.

gospel of hope

goes with this, gave comfort to Christian side of America by telling the rich that the only way they will be considered wealthy is if the give to the poor