History: Ancient China

Name two effects of Wudi's civil service reforms on China

People of China liked him and it created the Pax Sincia

Define extended family

Family group including several generations as well as other relatives

The hierarchy of family relationships during the Han dynasty was influence by which of Confucius's teachings?

Filial Piety

Confucian ideal of obedience to members in the family

Filial piety

What Buddhism mean?

"Enlightened one"

Which border does the Great Wall of China defend?

Northern

What are the fiver relationships of Confucianism?

Old and young Husband and wife Friend and friend Ruler and subject Parent and child

What were the Four Noble Truths?

-All people suffer and know sorrow -People suffer because their desires bind them to the cycle of rebirth -One could eliminate desire by following the Eight Fold Path -People could end their suffering by eliminating their desires

How long did the Zhou dynasty rule for?

About 700years

How many estimated soldiers are in the tomb?

About 8000

Daoism's ideal of natural harmony influenced the arts in China, notably ______ and ______, as well as the sciences

Paintings and poetry

Name three Han medical or agriculture innovations, and describe how each helped to improve the lives of people.

1. Acupuncture- Restored the balance between Yin and Yang in a person's body 2. Veterinarian Medicine- Saved many lives of farm animals 3. Fertilization- Helped farmers produce enough crops for China's population

Describe briefly three of the Five Classics.

1. Book of Songs- 305 of earliest Chinese poems (1000BC-600BC) 2. Book of Document- Political speeches and documents from Zhou Dynasty (earliest Mandate of Heaven 3. Book of Change- Complex system of foretelling the future and choosing courses of actions

Briefly list and describe the three main classes of people in ancient Chinese society.

1. Landowners: These families were wealthy and spent their money of only fine items or food 2. Peasants: 90% of Chinese people, plain diet, simple houses, farm grain, raised livestock 3. Merchants: Shopkeepers, traders, service workers, and blankets, not allowed to be part of the government

What were the general responsibilities of each member of a Han family.

1. To not bring dishonor to the family by failing his/her duties 2. To support those who were aged, young, sick, or lazy 3. Respect the higher levels of the hierarchy

By the ______th century paper had spread to Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, and Morocco

10

How long did the Qin dynasty rule for?

11 years

The terracotta warriors were discovered in ______

1975

The Silk Road was the longest road for over ______years.

2000

In ______B.C. the ______ dynasty burned all books

213B.C., Qin

About how long is the Great Wall of China?

4,500miles

How long did the Pax Sincia last?

400years

What is a nuclear family?

A family group consisting only of parents and children

Define mandarin

A member of the elite class of civil servants in Chinese government

Define ethics

A system of moral principles that guide behavior

Confucian philosophy often presented in dialogue form

Analects

Most honored members of Chinese hierarchical system

Ancestors

The combination of wood bark and gelatin

Paper

Why would Daoist beliefs encourage the study of regularly occurring natural events such as eclipses and solar years?

Because doing so helps connect that person with nature.

Why did Wudi want to select officials based on civil service exams than on rank or family ties?

Because he wanted talented to run the government, not just heir who might not have been fully educated in life.

Why were the five classics so important in China? List two reasons.

Because it was believed to be the answer to most problems. It was also studied for the civil exams.

Why were the Five Classics so important to the daily functions of the Han government.

Because it was believed to be the solution to most problems

______ believed that even when your suffering, you can always find peace

Buddhism

Define filial piety

Children's respect towards their parents, an important principle in Confucian ethics

Define Yin and Yang

Chinese thinking, the opposing principles present in all nature

What two dates were estimated for the invention of paper?

Circa 100BC or 405 AD

The teachings of Confucius eventually provided the basis for China's ______ ______ ______

Civil service system

Philosophy of governmental and social relationships

Confucian formalism

Promoting order and a person's proper role in society were the foundation of ______ philosophy

Confucianism

List three materials developed in China that later came into wide use in the Western world.

Paper, silk, wheelbarrow

List three technological innovations that allowed China's population to grow rapidly during the Zhou dynasty

Crossbow, cavalry, and a writing system

List three inventions created during the Zhou dynasty

Crossbow, iron plow, and irrigation system

List at least five inventions created during the Zhou dynasty

Crossbow, roads, flood control, horse drawn chariots, and plows

Included poems, speeches, documents, and history

Five Classics

Period of 400 years of peace and prosperity during the Han dynasty

Pax Sincia

Selected thoughts of Laozi that form the principles of Daoism

Dao De Jing

The terracotta warriors were built defend what?

Defend the tomb of Qin Shihuangdi

"Our politicians should set good example for our young people to follow; they should not be corrupt." This statement most reflects which Confucian belief.

Ethical rulers' duties to lower levels of social hierarchy

Laozi taught that people should regard which of the following as a way of reaching harmony with nature.

Giving up their ambitions

Massive structure, built during the Qin dynasty

Great Wall of China

Define hierarchy

Group of people organized according to levels of rank or importance

Just as Asoka converted to Buddhism after witnessing a bloody battle, so many Chinese were attracted to Buddhism after witnessing the chaotic collapse of the ______ dynasty

Han

The Pax Sincia and the building of the Silk Road happened during which dynasty?

Han

The introduction of civil service examinations for government service began during the ______ dynasty

Han

What is a benefit of having a centralized government?

Having one stopped the wars between other states

List three reasons why Qin's subjects felt he had lost the "Mandate of Heaven"

He was cruel and harsh tyrant: He destroyed the aristocracy making nobles angry, scholars detested him because he burned books, and peasant hated him because of the force labor

Shihuangdi's statement, "anyone who uses the past to criticize the present...should be out to death," was directed against scholars who today might be called

Historians

Define mandate

In ancient China, authority granted by heaven to deserving rulers, called the Mandate of Heaven

Confucius was a ______ and became a ______

Peasant and became a teacher

What was Confucius' original name?

Kong Fuzi

Who create the idea of Daoism?

Laozi

Daoist were most attracted to which of the Buddha's teachings?

Meditation

Which of the following classes was forbidden to take the civil service examinations necessary to serve the Han government

Merchants

Buddhism entered China through the travels of Indian ______ seeking religious converts, and ______ looking for economic opportunities

Monks, traders

How long did the Han dynasty rule for?

More than 400years

The Zhou dynasty collapsed as a result of which two developments?

Political development: Relatives appointed as governors, later challenged authority of the King Military Development: Nobles fought small wars, eventually city-states were in a state of struggle.

Under which rule was the Great Wall of China built?

Qin Shihuangdi

Confucius believed that order was maintained in society primarily by ______, often recognized by Western societies as the Golden Rule

Reciprocity

What was the two ways Wudi built the long-lasting Han Empire

Sent two armies against nomadic and other non-Chinese invaders; he also built the Silk Road

What was the major reason why the Qin dynasty collapsed so soon after the death of the First Emperor?

Shihuangdi had angered most of his subjects, many of whom then rebelled

What was Buddha's real name?

Siddhartha Gautame

Trade route crossing Central Asia

Silk Road

What good things happened during the Pax Sincia?

Silk Road, smart talented government people, no food shortages

According to Confucius, the relationships within the family, such as the one between father and son, were smaller reflections of relationships within ______, such as between ruler and ______

Social, subject

Chinese astronomer observed all of the following heavenly events or objects such as ______, ______, ______

Solar eclipses, asteroids, and comets

Define cavalry

Soldiers mounted on horseback

Zhou title for the head of the dynasty

Son of Heaven

What was traded over the Silk Road?

Spices, silk, gems, and other high-valued items

List three reforms Qin Shihuangdi created to strengthen his central government

Standardized coins, created a uniform writing system, and set up laws throughout China

Define civil service

System by which government offices are given on the bases of examinations

Laozi believed that involvement in worldly pursuits hindered people's connection to a force he termed ______, which guides all things

Tao/Dao

China's technical knowledge remained ahead of Europe's until ______

The A.D. 1300s

Ideal of reciprocity in dealing with other people

The Golden Rule

A writer named Sima Qian wrote the first history of ancient China during the Han dynasty under the title

The Historical Record

In order to take more control over his government, Shihuangdi accomplished what reform?

The division of empire into military districts, each under a government official

What did Daoism reject?

The formal social structures and the idea that people fill in a certain role in the society

What did Daoism stress?

The importance of living in harmony with nature

Define meritocracy

The system in which people gain success on the basis of ability and performance

What was the Qin dynasty's most important legacy of future Chinese governments?

They created a centralized government, another words they combines all states into one government

Describe how the Han government dealt with a widespread famine.

They stored food supplies throughout the year

What were the Eight Fold Paths?

To know the truth, resist evil, say nothing to hurt others, respect life, work for the good of others, free mind of evil, control thought, and practice meditation

Define acupuncture

Traditional technique of Chinese medicine using thin needles at vital body points

What does "the dao" mean?

Universal force that guides all things

During the Han dynasty, people had knowledge of all the following medical areas such as ______, ______, ______

Veterinary medicine, nutrition, and acupuncture

Lowest members of Confucian hierarchical system

Women

How did Confucius's low opinion of women affect their role in the Han household?

Women were in the lower level o the hierarchy

One of two opposing natural forces; the male, light portion

Yang

The philosophy system used to reach a balance between conflicting points of view was known as the opposing forces of ______ and ______

Yin and Yang

Describe the two parts of Yin and Yang

Yin was cold, dark, and submissive Yang was warm, light, and aggressive

Han explorer and general

Zhang Qian