History: Ancient China
Name two effects of Wudi's civil service reforms on China
People of China liked him and it created the Pax Sincia
Define extended family
Family group including several generations as well as other relatives
The hierarchy of family relationships during the Han dynasty was influence by which of Confucius's teachings?
Filial Piety
Confucian ideal of obedience to members in the family
Filial piety
What Buddhism mean?
"Enlightened one"
Which border does the Great Wall of China defend?
Northern
What are the fiver relationships of Confucianism?
Old and young Husband and wife Friend and friend Ruler and subject Parent and child
What were the Four Noble Truths?
-All people suffer and know sorrow -People suffer because their desires bind them to the cycle of rebirth -One could eliminate desire by following the Eight Fold Path -People could end their suffering by eliminating their desires
How long did the Zhou dynasty rule for?
About 700years
How many estimated soldiers are in the tomb?
About 8000
Daoism's ideal of natural harmony influenced the arts in China, notably ______ and ______, as well as the sciences
Paintings and poetry
Name three Han medical or agriculture innovations, and describe how each helped to improve the lives of people.
1. Acupuncture- Restored the balance between Yin and Yang in a person's body 2. Veterinarian Medicine- Saved many lives of farm animals 3. Fertilization- Helped farmers produce enough crops for China's population
Describe briefly three of the Five Classics.
1. Book of Songs- 305 of earliest Chinese poems (1000BC-600BC) 2. Book of Document- Political speeches and documents from Zhou Dynasty (earliest Mandate of Heaven 3. Book of Change- Complex system of foretelling the future and choosing courses of actions
Briefly list and describe the three main classes of people in ancient Chinese society.
1. Landowners: These families were wealthy and spent their money of only fine items or food 2. Peasants: 90% of Chinese people, plain diet, simple houses, farm grain, raised livestock 3. Merchants: Shopkeepers, traders, service workers, and blankets, not allowed to be part of the government
What were the general responsibilities of each member of a Han family.
1. To not bring dishonor to the family by failing his/her duties 2. To support those who were aged, young, sick, or lazy 3. Respect the higher levels of the hierarchy
By the ______th century paper had spread to Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, and Morocco
10
How long did the Qin dynasty rule for?
11 years
The terracotta warriors were discovered in ______
1975
The Silk Road was the longest road for over ______years.
2000
In ______B.C. the ______ dynasty burned all books
213B.C., Qin
About how long is the Great Wall of China?
4,500miles
How long did the Pax Sincia last?
400years
What is a nuclear family?
A family group consisting only of parents and children
Define mandarin
A member of the elite class of civil servants in Chinese government
Define ethics
A system of moral principles that guide behavior
Confucian philosophy often presented in dialogue form
Analects
Most honored members of Chinese hierarchical system
Ancestors
The combination of wood bark and gelatin
Paper
Why would Daoist beliefs encourage the study of regularly occurring natural events such as eclipses and solar years?
Because doing so helps connect that person with nature.
Why did Wudi want to select officials based on civil service exams than on rank or family ties?
Because he wanted talented to run the government, not just heir who might not have been fully educated in life.
Why were the five classics so important in China? List two reasons.
Because it was believed to be the answer to most problems. It was also studied for the civil exams.
Why were the Five Classics so important to the daily functions of the Han government.
Because it was believed to be the solution to most problems
______ believed that even when your suffering, you can always find peace
Buddhism
Define filial piety
Children's respect towards their parents, an important principle in Confucian ethics
Define Yin and Yang
Chinese thinking, the opposing principles present in all nature
What two dates were estimated for the invention of paper?
Circa 100BC or 405 AD
The teachings of Confucius eventually provided the basis for China's ______ ______ ______
Civil service system
Philosophy of governmental and social relationships
Confucian formalism
Promoting order and a person's proper role in society were the foundation of ______ philosophy
Confucianism
List three materials developed in China that later came into wide use in the Western world.
Paper, silk, wheelbarrow
List three technological innovations that allowed China's population to grow rapidly during the Zhou dynasty
Crossbow, cavalry, and a writing system
List three inventions created during the Zhou dynasty
Crossbow, iron plow, and irrigation system
List at least five inventions created during the Zhou dynasty
Crossbow, roads, flood control, horse drawn chariots, and plows
Included poems, speeches, documents, and history
Five Classics
Period of 400 years of peace and prosperity during the Han dynasty
Pax Sincia
Selected thoughts of Laozi that form the principles of Daoism
Dao De Jing
The terracotta warriors were built defend what?
Defend the tomb of Qin Shihuangdi
"Our politicians should set good example for our young people to follow; they should not be corrupt." This statement most reflects which Confucian belief.
Ethical rulers' duties to lower levels of social hierarchy
Laozi taught that people should regard which of the following as a way of reaching harmony with nature.
Giving up their ambitions
Massive structure, built during the Qin dynasty
Great Wall of China
Define hierarchy
Group of people organized according to levels of rank or importance
Just as Asoka converted to Buddhism after witnessing a bloody battle, so many Chinese were attracted to Buddhism after witnessing the chaotic collapse of the ______ dynasty
Han
The Pax Sincia and the building of the Silk Road happened during which dynasty?
Han
The introduction of civil service examinations for government service began during the ______ dynasty
Han
What is a benefit of having a centralized government?
Having one stopped the wars between other states
List three reasons why Qin's subjects felt he had lost the "Mandate of Heaven"
He was cruel and harsh tyrant: He destroyed the aristocracy making nobles angry, scholars detested him because he burned books, and peasant hated him because of the force labor
Shihuangdi's statement, "anyone who uses the past to criticize the present...should be out to death," was directed against scholars who today might be called
Historians
Define mandate
In ancient China, authority granted by heaven to deserving rulers, called the Mandate of Heaven
Confucius was a ______ and became a ______
Peasant and became a teacher
What was Confucius' original name?
Kong Fuzi
Who create the idea of Daoism?
Laozi
Daoist were most attracted to which of the Buddha's teachings?
Meditation
Which of the following classes was forbidden to take the civil service examinations necessary to serve the Han government
Merchants
Buddhism entered China through the travels of Indian ______ seeking religious converts, and ______ looking for economic opportunities
Monks, traders
How long did the Han dynasty rule for?
More than 400years
The Zhou dynasty collapsed as a result of which two developments?
Political development: Relatives appointed as governors, later challenged authority of the King Military Development: Nobles fought small wars, eventually city-states were in a state of struggle.
Under which rule was the Great Wall of China built?
Qin Shihuangdi
Confucius believed that order was maintained in society primarily by ______, often recognized by Western societies as the Golden Rule
Reciprocity
What was the two ways Wudi built the long-lasting Han Empire
Sent two armies against nomadic and other non-Chinese invaders; he also built the Silk Road
What was the major reason why the Qin dynasty collapsed so soon after the death of the First Emperor?
Shihuangdi had angered most of his subjects, many of whom then rebelled
What was Buddha's real name?
Siddhartha Gautame
Trade route crossing Central Asia
Silk Road
What good things happened during the Pax Sincia?
Silk Road, smart talented government people, no food shortages
According to Confucius, the relationships within the family, such as the one between father and son, were smaller reflections of relationships within ______, such as between ruler and ______
Social, subject
Chinese astronomer observed all of the following heavenly events or objects such as ______, ______, ______
Solar eclipses, asteroids, and comets
Define cavalry
Soldiers mounted on horseback
Zhou title for the head of the dynasty
Son of Heaven
What was traded over the Silk Road?
Spices, silk, gems, and other high-valued items
List three reforms Qin Shihuangdi created to strengthen his central government
Standardized coins, created a uniform writing system, and set up laws throughout China
Define civil service
System by which government offices are given on the bases of examinations
Laozi believed that involvement in worldly pursuits hindered people's connection to a force he termed ______, which guides all things
Tao/Dao
China's technical knowledge remained ahead of Europe's until ______
The A.D. 1300s
Ideal of reciprocity in dealing with other people
The Golden Rule
A writer named Sima Qian wrote the first history of ancient China during the Han dynasty under the title
The Historical Record
In order to take more control over his government, Shihuangdi accomplished what reform?
The division of empire into military districts, each under a government official
What did Daoism reject?
The formal social structures and the idea that people fill in a certain role in the society
What did Daoism stress?
The importance of living in harmony with nature
Define meritocracy
The system in which people gain success on the basis of ability and performance
What was the Qin dynasty's most important legacy of future Chinese governments?
They created a centralized government, another words they combines all states into one government
Describe how the Han government dealt with a widespread famine.
They stored food supplies throughout the year
What were the Eight Fold Paths?
To know the truth, resist evil, say nothing to hurt others, respect life, work for the good of others, free mind of evil, control thought, and practice meditation
Define acupuncture
Traditional technique of Chinese medicine using thin needles at vital body points
What does "the dao" mean?
Universal force that guides all things
During the Han dynasty, people had knowledge of all the following medical areas such as ______, ______, ______
Veterinary medicine, nutrition, and acupuncture
Lowest members of Confucian hierarchical system
Women
How did Confucius's low opinion of women affect their role in the Han household?
Women were in the lower level o the hierarchy
One of two opposing natural forces; the male, light portion
Yang
The philosophy system used to reach a balance between conflicting points of view was known as the opposing forces of ______ and ______
Yin and Yang
Describe the two parts of Yin and Yang
Yin was cold, dark, and submissive Yang was warm, light, and aggressive
Han explorer and general
Zhang Qian