History-Ancient india and china
Monsoon cons
Daily downpours Deadly floods
Why is it said that Shi Huangdi established a legalist government
He centralized power with the help of legalist advisers
How did Confucius become a teacher
He didn't have a permanent position as an adviser
What measures did Shi Huangdi take in regards to noble families?
He forced them to live in his capital at Xianyang and he divided their lands among the peasants
How did asoka's conversion to Buddhism determine his rulership
He ruled by moral example
How did Confucius prepare for this job
He studied ancient texts
What did the Chinese believe about the king
He was the link between the people and the supreme god
Vaisyas
Herders, farmers, merchants Those who produce goods
What were the socio-economic conditions of his family
His family was noble but poor
Who is contemporary to Confucius who is living in the vicinity of Nepal
His students
Worship of dead ancestors
Honoring ancestors' spirits by offering sacrifices of food and other necessities
What did Shang di control
Human destiny and forces of nature
Relationship between Hinduism and the caste system
In the caste system if you are reincarnated you are what you were before you were reincarnated
How do subcontinents, plateaus, and plains relate to india
Indian subcontinent Deccan plateau Gangetic plain
How were oracle bones used as divination tools
Inscribed questions A particular ritual by a diviner Cracks were read by someone with power
What allowed the production of better tools
Iron
What products did Wudi impose during government monopoly
Iron and salt
Describe chinese copper coins produced by the zhou dynasty
Made with holes in the center
Geographical conditions of india
Mountains, plateus and plains
Fall of Indus Civilization
Multiple floods Possible earthquakes Deforestation
What were the rulers in ancient china called
Son of heaven
What measures did Shi Huangdi use to unify china
Standardized weights and measures Scholars created uniformity in chinese writing Workers repaired and extended roads and canals
What is an example of Daoism
Staying in harmony with nature is the key to successful life
How did ancient Chinese people perceive the outsider nomadic invaders that they encountered
They were absorbed into the advanced Chinese civilization
Four facts of the Indus Valley civilization
They were farmers They were merchants and traders Polytheistic They developed their own system of writing
According to Confucius, what was a ruler's responsibility
To provide good government They should be educated and virtuous
Silk road
Trade routes that would link China and the west for centuries
How did learning flourish in the Gupta empire
Universities attracted students from many parts of asia Advances in mathematics included the system of numerals that we use today Prosperity in arts and learning
Dalits
Untouchables
Why did Daoist painters choose water to represent Daoist beliefs?
Water was a symbol of nature and the virtue of yielding
According to Confucius, what would lead to harmony and good unfolding of a society
When people accepted their place in society
What phase of the worm cycle produces the silk
When they make their cocoon
Who in ancient china's society did the most labour intensive work of silk making
Women
Why was dowry important to women's status in Gupta india
Women had a higher status in early aryan society than they did now
Which state did he rule by 220 B.C.?
Zhou China
Plain
a large area of flat land
What aspect of Confucianism contributed to its long-lasting influence
its philosophy of ensuring social order and good government
Warlords
local military rulers They toppled the last Han dynasty
Aryans
noble ones
Ahimsa
nonviolence
Dowry
payment to the bridegroom
Pictographs
picture symbols
Plateau
raised area of level land
Terracotta
reddish-brown clay
Eightfold path
right views, right aspirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right contemplation
Who is Shi Huangdi
ruler of the Qin dynasty
Where does silk come from?
silk worms
Atman
soul
Shang di
supreme god
Acculturation
the blending of two or more cultures
Kshatriyas
warriors Those who accumulate power
monsoon pros
Shaped Indian life Bring rains to fertilize crops
How does acculturation relate to the aryan civilization
They intermarried with other groups
Why was the aryan civilization also known as the Vedic age
They used vedas
What were the officials' responsibilities
To check on local officials and tax collectors
What did Daoists seek to do
To live in harmony with nature
The people of ancient china prayed...
To many gods and nature spirits
Four noble truths
1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
How long did it take for Shi Huangdi to conquering the states that were at war with each other
20 years
When was Confucius born
551 BC
What was the Shang dynasty governed by
A king who controlled a small area and relied on nobles and princes to govern their areas
Subcontinent
A large landmass that juts out from a continent
Whom did Confucius want to work for
A local ruler
Meditation
A person can achieve enlightenment
Civil service exam
A test to find the most qualified officials
Three achievements made during the Han period
Advances in science and medicine Advances in technology Advances in artwork
Why did chinese writing provide unity
All of china used the same form of writing
What is an example of Confucianism
All people should live according to the roles and responsibilities outlined in the five key relationships
How did evidence found in Harappa and mohenjo-Daro help archeologists construct information of the Indus Valley civilization
Archeologists have concluded that Indus Valley cities were planned by a well-organized government
What causes a dynasty to lose the Mandate of Heaven
Bad things happening
Beliefs of hinduism
Brahma (the universal soul), Sacred Vedas, karma (transferability of the soul), reincarnation, souls move up or down depending upon an individual's behavior in the present life, caste system
Different social groups of india (Varna's)
Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudras Dalits
Brother/brother
Brotherliness
What physical features acted as obstacles to outside contact with china
Brutal deserts High mountain ranges Thick rainforests
How to reach Nirvana
By following the Eightfold Path
What is the name the chinese writing turned into an art for receive
Calligraphy
What were the copper coins' benefits
Can be strung on cords
What infrastructures were built during Wudi's reign
Canals and roads They favored the economy
Where did the aryans originate
Central Asia They were nomads
Asoka
Chandragupta's grandson
Wudi
Chinese emperor who brought the Han dynasty to its greatest strength
Who were the officials who helped Wudi in his government responsibilities
Confucian men of "wisdom and virtue"
Who were GAO Zu's advisors
Confucian scholars
Belief state system of the chinese han state
Confucianism
Who was GAO zu
Emperor Liu Bang
Who commissioned the building of the terracotta warriors
Emperor qin shi huangdi
What was Wudi's policy of expansionism
Expanding a country's territory
Friend/friend
Faithfulness
Key relationships according to Confucius
Father/son Ruler/subject Brother/brother Husband/wife Friend/friend
What is the relationship between a feudal local lord and the ruler
Feudal lord exercised the real power and profited from the lands
What type of government did the zhou dynasty develop
Feudalism
Father/son
Filial piety
Siddhartha gautama
Founder of Buddhism
Chandragupta Maurya
Founder of the Mauryan Empire in India; he conquered much of northern India and ruled over parts of Pakistan
Beliefs of Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
Moksha
Freedom from life and death
Where did the aryan civilization develop and what happened there
Ganges basin They became farmers
Han civil service system
Han emperors adopted the idea that civil servants hold gain their positions by merit
What happens when the dragons travel
It creates rain
How does the Mandate of Heaven relate to the dynastic cycle or the rise and fall of dynasties
It explained the dynastic cycle
What happened to china's population during the zhou dynasty
It increased
Why was the Gupta empire referred to as the golden age
It was a period of great cultural achievement Prosperity contributed to a flowering of arts and learning
Why did the Indus Valley civilization develop where it is
It was a very fertile region There was water agriculture was good
In what ways did China's new economy grow during the zhou dynasty
Knowledge of iron New crops Large-scale irrigation works
Sudras
Laborers, servants those who serve
Who is the founder of Daosim
Laozi
How was life for the great majority of the Indians in ancient India
Life revolved around the rules and duties associated with caste, family, and village
Feudalism
Local lords governed their own lands but owed military services
Husband/wife
Love and obedience
What measures surely made Gao Zu popular with the general public
Lowering taxes and eased the Qin emperor's harsh legalist policies
Ruler/subject
Loyalty
What did china's geographic barriers do
Made it difficult for both invaders and traders to make their way to the center of China's emerging civilization
How did the Qin dynasty end?
Once Shi Huangdi died
Where did oracle bones come from
Ox's scapula Turtle's shell
Confucius created a philosophy concerning
Personal growth Social order Good government
Ideographs
Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts
Brahmin
Priests Those who learn
Who among ancient china social hierarchy could read and write? Why?
Priests To provide answers or advice from the ancestors
Why were the terracotta warriors built
Qin Shi Huang was obsessed with his mortality
What kind of questions were asked in these oracle bones
Ritualistic things When sacrifices should happen About harvest
Social hierarchy in Shang China
Royal family Warriors Artisans and merchants Peasants
Who were the questions inscribed in the oracle bones directed to
Shang Di
What was Shi Huangdi's greatest achievement
The Great Wall of china Made for their lands to be protected against raiders
How did the Zhou dynasty end
The Zhou rulers were too weak to control the feudal lords
Divination
The ability to know the future of the wish of the gods by supernatural means
Why is the Huang River also called the Yellow River?
The color comes from loess
What is the "mandate of heaven"
The divine right to rule
Patriarchy
The father or oldest male was the head of household
Meritocracy
The government selected those by their ability
What kind of information would the oracle bones provide if you put them together
The history of Shang china
How did peasants benefit from Shi Huangdi's rule
The lands they lived in were divided
Why did the Huang river or yellow river receive the nickname "river of sorrows"
The loess raised the water level which caused floods
Why is it said that in chinese calligraphy "the energy present at the moment of writing is visible in the finished piece
The most beautiful form of the wring is what it represents
What are the red seal found in some chinese documents
The seals of the artists
Which virtue is emphasized by Daoists
The second stage Rulers were obligated to provide for the common people
What is the role of Karma, Dharma, and reincarnation in the process of achieving moksha
The soul is trapped in a state of reincarnation and so must seek freedom to achieve reunification with the god
What did feudal lords construct that benefitted trading
Their own armies and lands
What happens when the dragons fight one another
They create storms
Explain why Shang china probably resembled more the kingdoms of aryan india than the governments of Egyptian pharaohs
They had clans and the aryans had tribes
Rajahs
chiefs led Aryan tribes
Loess
fine windblown yellow soil
What did Shi Huangdi mean
first emperor
Where is the Indus Valley located?
in South Asia, or the Indian subcontinent
Who ruled the military districts created by Shi Huangdi?
Appointed officials
Why might the chinese want to keep the silk-making process a secret
Silk thread or silk woven into magnificent fabrics were key trading items for china
Monsoon
a seasonal wind that is part of the global wind pattern
Filial piety
respect for parents