History Chapter 10 Lesson 2 Peasants, Trade, and Cities

Where were Europe's main medieval trading centers?

Italian cities, Venice, and Flanders (present day Belgium border, and northern France)

When did townspeople gain new rights and why?

1100; Kings saw an opportunity to make money off of them

Who owned the land that serfs farmed?

lords

What was used as money in medieval Europe?

gold and silver coins

What conditions and factors led to the growth of independent medieval cities?1

invasions stopped, cities focused on agriculture, and they created better systems for farming which got more food

What change in crop rotation increased farm yields?

it allowed for 2 farms to be active at a time, increasing food production

What benefits did guilds offer craftspeople?

separation, easy navigation, set standards, prices, and amount of people in trade

How did increased trade give rise to commercial capitalism?

it created an economic system based on money which allowed banks and new trading companies to be built

How did iron affect medieval farming?

it made the carruca(it helped farms), and the entire community would buy and share it

What conditions and factors led to the growth of independent medieval cities?2

lords had serfs help them, craftspeople split into guilds, they traded with other territories, thus creating an economic system based on money

What were the responsibilities of the lords?

lords protected serfs, had political authority on the land, and serfs would need permission from the lord to leave