History Chapter 19 & 20
In his 1972 campaign for reelection, Richard Nixon
Approved of "dirty tricks" that included breaking into Democratic offices.
Why were Nixon's overtures to the People's Republic of China unexpected?
Because China was perceived as an enemy.
President Reagan planned to balance the budget even though he had lowered taxes
By cutting spending on domestic programs
In May/June 1989, students & workers held demonstrations calling for democracy in
China
The main failure of Reaganomics was:
Greatly increasing the federal deficit
Jimmy Carter's major weakness as President
He was unable to get along with Congress
In January 1991, the United Nations went to war in the Persian Gulf for what reason?
Iraq had invaded Kuwait.
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi leader who invaded Kuwait
What did the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) agreement do?
Limited the number of missile defense systems in the United States and in the Soviet Union
Executive Privilege
Nixon argued that recordings of White House conversations should remain confidential to protect national security; this is known as
New Federalism
Nixon's policy that dismantled a number of federal programs giving more control to state and local governments
One of Gerald Ford's first acts as President
Pardoning Nixon
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet leader who proposed the program of glasnost
This statement describes the Nixon Doctrine:
The United States would no longer step in militarily to protect Asian allies from communism.
How were the profits from arms sales to Iran used?
They were funneled to the Nicaraguan Contras to help finance their war against the Sandinistas.
George H. W. Bush
Vice President under Reagan who later was elected president in 1988
Bob Woodward
Worked with fellow reporter Carl Bernstein to break the story of Watergate in the Washington Post
Detente
a Nixon foreign policy idea that profoundly eased tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
Jesse Jackson
a civil rights leader who founded "operation PUSH" and later ran for the US Presidency
AIDS
a disease that weakens the immune system and lowers resistance to illnesses which became an epidemic during the 1980's
Moral Majority
a movement founded by Jerry Falwell backed by conservative candidates and issues.
What was the agenda for the second meeting of Reagan and Gorbachev in October 1986 at Reykjavik, Iceland, the agenda?
arms-control issues.
Rachel Carson
author of Silent Spring who sounded the alarm on the effect of pesticides on birds, fish, and other creatures.
The recession that began in 1990 was caused in part by the end of the Cold War, because the United States
began reducing its armed forces and cut back on military spending.
Sandra Day O'Connor
first woman supreme court justice
Jimmy Carter
former governor of Georgia who became president in 1976
In the 1980 presidential election, Ronald Reagan did well among blue-collar workers and others...
groups that traditionally voted democratic
What did revolutionaries in Iran demand in exchange for releasing 52 American hostages?
hand over the much-hated Shah of Iran.
Why did President Reagan make Central America a priority in his war against communism?
he felt that the national security of all the Americas was at stake in Central America
Camp David Accords
historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt brokered by President Carter
supply-side economics
idea that high taxes weakens the economy by taking money away from investors
The collapse of the Soviet Union's economy that began in the late 1980s was caused by
inefficient central planning and huge expenditures in the arms race.
Glasnost
means "openness", allowing more freedom of religion and speech in the Soviet Union
John Dean
member of Nixon's inner circle who leveled accusations against the president
The strong economic growth of the 1980s mostly benefited
middle and upper class Americans.
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
nicknamed "star wars"- developed weapons that could destroy incoming missiles
Iran-Contra Affair
profits from the illegal sale of weapons from Iran were used to support a group trying to overthrow the government in Nicaragua
Spiro Agnew
republican vice president who was forced to resign as a result of his illegal activities
Ayatollah Khomeini
revolutionary Islamic ruler of Iran
Henry Kissinger
secretary of state under Nixon who played a major role in shaping foreign policy
Helsinki Accords
stated that nations of eastern and western Europe recognized each other's borders, pledging economic cooperation and human rights
Gerald Ford
succeeded Nixon as president and then fully pardoned him from any crimes that he had committed
During his presidency, Reagan launched the largest peacetime buildup of
the United States military.
Stagflation
the combination of rising prices and economic stagnation
Anwar el-Sadat
the leader of Egypt who made peace with Israel at Camp David
Operation Desert Storm
the name given to the U.N. attack on Iraq because of their invasion of Kuwait
The accident at Three Mile Island raised concern about
the safety of nuclear reactors.
William F. Buckley
worked to spread conservative ideas to a wider audience by founding the magazine "National Review"