History Chapter 26 and 27

What is a franchise?

A company that offers similar products or services in many locations

What was the COLD WAR?

A conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted the other on a battlefield.

Who were the Dixiecrats, and what did they support?

A group of Southern Democrats who disagreed with Trumans emphasis on civil rights

What is a conglomerate?

A major corporation that includes a number of smaller companies in unrelated industries

What happened in Korea after the armistice was signed?

A new border was drawn between North and South Korea, giving South Korea new territory and demilitarized the zone between the two nations.

What is McCarthyism?

Accusing people of a crime without providing evidence.

Baby Boom

After the soldiers came home from WWII, there was a huge increase in birth rates. A baby was born every 9 seconds

Name the satellite nations of Eastern Europe that were dominated by the Soviets

Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Poland.

What was Alger Hiss convicted of?

Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury-lying about passing documents to the Soviet Union.

What impact did the television have on America

Almost every household owned a television. Main form of entertainment for families.

What was the Berlin Airlift?

American and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin-food, fuel, medicine, etc.

What consumer product made it easier for commuters to live in the suburbs and work in the city?

Automobiles

Why did Mao Zedong fail to win the support of the U.S.?

Because he was Communist.

What policy established by John Foster Dulles threatened retaliation of all-out war-----nuclear war?

Brinkmanship

What is Consumerism?

Buying material goods=success

Dr. Jonas Salk

Created the first safe Polio Vaccine

Who commanded U.S. forces in Korea?

Douglas MacArthur

Jazz

Early form of rock 'n' roll; "street music"

Who was Francis Gary Powers?

Francis Gary Powers was a pilot of one of many U2 planes. On May 1 Powers' plane was shot down and he was captured and sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Soviets.

What bill was passed to make it easier for American soldiers to adjust to civilian life?

GI Bill of Rights

What benefits were given to U.S. soldiers in the GI Bill of Rights?

Guaranteed them a year's worth of unemployment benefits while job hunting. It also offered low interest, federally guranteed loans

What government group is best known for investigating communism in the film industry?

HUAC.

What leader believed that creating a "new world order" of democratic nations was the best way to avoid a WWIII?

Harry S. Truman

Who became President of the U.S. after the death of FDR?

Harry S. Truman

Truman's role in increased civil rights for African Americans

He asked for equality of all human beings. He integrated the armed forces.

How did Mao Zedong gain the loyalty and support of the Chinese peasants towards communism and the Chinese Red Army?

He promised land reform and that the peasants could own land under their own name

What type of people made up the beat movement?

Hippies of the 50's. Artists, Poets, Writers.

Sputnik

In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the worlds first artificial satellite. It circled the globe every 96 minutes.

What is planned obsolescence?

In order to get consumers to buy more of the companies product, the company designed the product to wear out or become outdated

Where were the vast majority of homes built in the 1950s?

In the suburbs.

40 hour work week and its effect on America

Increase in free time

Who did the Dixiecrats nominate for President in 1948?

J. Strom Thurmond.

What politician made the accusations that communism was widespread within our government?

Joseph McCarthy

How did Gen. MacArthur's view of the Korean War differ from Truman's?

MacArthur wanted a full scale war against China, while Truman tried his hardest to settle the war and create peace.

Who was the Chinese Communist leader?

Mao Zedong

What was the name of the first military alliance the U.S. joined during peacetime?

NATO

Who claimed leadership of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin?

Nikita Khrushchev.

What countries fought on the side of the communists in the Korean War?

North Korea, China, Russia

How did the Korean War begin?

On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea.

What was the U-2 incident?

On May 1, Francis Gary Powers' plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. He was captured and sentenced to 10 years in prison.

Who arranged for $400 million to be sent to Turkey and Greece?

President Truman

Who was the 1st politician (president) to skillfully use the TV?

Richard Nixon

Who appeared to be winning the Korean War until the Chinese entered the conflict?

South Korea

Berlin Blockade

Stalin closed all highway and rail routes into West Berlin. As a result, no food or fuel could reach that part of the city.

Containment Policy

Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries

Hollywood 10

Ten actors who disagreed with HUAC and declined to answer questions. They were sent to prison.

Central Intelligence Agency

The CIA used spies to gather information abroad

What did the U.S. intensify efforts in producing after the Soviets exploded an atomic bomb?

The Hydrogen Bomb

What was the name of the federal legislative act that established a system of expressways connecting cities?

The Interstate Highway Act

Who was forced to retreat to Taiwan at the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War?

The Nationalists

What group within the Chinese Civil War did the U.S. support with $2 billion in aid?

The Nationalists.

What was the Marshall Plan directed to accomplish?

The US provided aid to all European nations that needed it.

What does the Eisenhower Doctrine state?

The United States would defend the Middle East against an attack made by any Communist country.

The satellite nations of the Soviet Union joined what military alliance?

The Warsaw Pact

Who controls economic activity in a capitalistic society?

The citizens.

Effects of increased car ownership in America

There was an increase in automobile accidents

What were Americas efforts after the launch of Sputnik?

They poured their money into their own space program and increased efforts in math and science

What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?

To support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by other outside pressures.

What threats did Harry Truman make in response to labor strikes in America after WWII?

Truman threatened to draft the striking workers into the army.

What world organization was formed after WWII? This became a forum for what two countries?

United Nations. United States and Soviet Union.

How was rock 'n' roll and the beat movement viewed by most Americans?

Very negatively. Older Americans thought that rock 'n' roll was annoying and the dances were too provocative. Beat Movement created the name 'Beatniks'.

How did the increase in car ownership in the 1950s affect lives and life styles in America?

When people moved out to the suburbs it was necessary to own a car. Their car was one of the few forms of self expression in a society telling you not to strive for individualism, but conformity.