History Chapter 7.1 - 7.7
Define: vizier
"Overseer of All Works of the King"
Because the fertile land in Egypt ends so abruptly, what did the ancient Egyptians call their land?
"Red Land, Black Land"
A secretary to the ruler or to leaders in the army, the court, or the temple
A Scribe
Define: shadoof
A long pole with a bucket tied on one end to dip water from the Nile
When a volcano is erupting, it is
Active
The first to take the title of pharaoh
Akhenaton
What is unique about the Sahara Desert?
Almost all of Egypt is located in the Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world.
Largest mountain system in Europe
Alps
The height above sea level
Altitude or Elevation
Most mountainous continent
Asia
Why is the Sinai Peninsula sometimes referred to as a land bridge?
Because people use the Sinai Peninsula cross from Israel to Egypt
Why is Egypt called the "Gift of the Nile"?
Because without the Nile River, all of Egypt would be a desert
The Egyptians later found that they could make copper stronger by melting copper and tin together to make
Bronze
Deep, narrow valleys with steep sides
Canyons
The early Egyptians mined what from the Sinai Peninsula
Copper
If you go upstream, you have to struggle against the movement of a stream of water or
Current
A land too dry or too cold to grow many plants
Desert
When a volcano is not active during a long period, it is
Dormant
The direction in which a river flows
Downstream
When all activity of a volcano has finally ceased, it is
Extinct
Most ancient Egyptians did what for work?
Farmers
Name the Three Egyptian Seasons
Flood Season (June-September); Planting Season (October-February); Harvest Season (March-May)
The most famous and largest of the pyramids still standing today
Great Pyramid
One of the most famous monuments in the ancient world that stands near the Great Pyramid. Has the head of a man and the body of a lion.
Great Sphinx
The Egyptian city that was the center of sun worship
Heliopolis
The early ancient Egyptians wrote using a system of pictures called
Hieroglyphics. These pictures actually stood for the objects pictured.
Highest mountain system in the world
Himalayas
Before 1500 BC, many countries were beginning to find that what was highly superior to copper and bronze for makingtools and weapons.
Iron
For whom was the Great Pyramid built?
King Khufu
The tomb of this pharaoh is more famous than he is
King Tut (Tutankhamen)
The surface of the earth rises and falls in features called
Landforms
What was the capital of ancient Egypt, built by Menes?
Memphis
Who was considered to be the "King of Upper and Lower Egypt"?
Menes
About 1/5 of the earth's land surface is covered with
Mountains
Hills and mountains are similar to each other, but which rises higher above the surrounding land
Mountains
Where is the Great Pyramid located?
Near the modern city of Cairo
What is the longest river in the world?
Nile River
Something that held paints
Palette
Our word paper comes from the word
Papyrus
Has a brownish flower, grew from three to ten feet high in the hot and humid climate of Lower Egypt
Papyrus plant
The pointed top of a mountain is its
Peak
A flat or level area of land
Plain
A highland plain
Plateau
Ancient Egypt's only woman pharaoh
Queen Hatshepsut
The name of the Egyptians sun god
Ra
A part of the river where the current is swift is called a
Rapids
All the land drained by a river and its branches is called a
River basin
The bottom of a river over which the water flows is called the
Riverbed
Egyptians found many uses for the papyrus plant
Rope, clothes, sandals, mats, medicine, food
The key to unlocking the meaning of the ancient Egyptian language
Rosetta Stone
A long roll of paper
Scroll
The height of a mountain is not measured by its distance above the land around it, but by its distance above
Sea Level
The level of the sea waters
Sea level
The highest peak of a mountain
Summit
Upon what did Egyptians base their seasons?
The annual flooding of the Nile
What pet was considered sacred by the Egyptians?
The cat
The most important use to world history that the Egyptians found for the papyrus plant
They used it to make the world's first paperlike material
Why did the Egyptians choose mostly white as a color to wear?
This color reflects the sun, making white the most comfortable color to wear in a hot, dry climate. They did wear jewelry to add color.
Because the land was fertile and the climate warm, most Egyptians could raise how many crops each year?
Two or three
The direction from which a river flows
Upstream
The low land between hills or mountains is called a
Valley
The valley near Thebes used as a cemetery by the pharaohs who ruled between 1500 B.C. and 1100 B.C.
Valley of the Kings
A mountain with openings in the earth's crust through which lava or steam escapes
Volcano
Sometimes the water tumbles over a cliff to form a
Waterfall
Some examples of crops raised by Egyptians
Wheat, barley, flax, peas, beans, lettuce, melons
Define: cataract
a large bed of rocks piled in the river that produces small waterfalls
Define: famine
a period of serious shortage of food
Define: delta
a piece of land that has slowly built up over the years by the deposit of loose sand and soil at the mouth of a river.
Define: pyramid
burial places (tombs) for the Egyptian rulers
Fourth letter of the Greek alphabet
delta
Define: pharaoh
great house; name used by Egyptian kings
A long row of mountains is called a
mountain range
Define: mummified (or mummy)
preserved with chemicals (preserving a body with chemicals)
Define: obelisks
tall, pointed pillars
