History Chapter 7.1 - 7.7

Define: vizier

"Overseer of All Works of the King"

Because the fertile land in Egypt ends so abruptly, what did the ancient Egyptians call their land?

"Red Land, Black Land"

A secretary to the ruler or to leaders in the army, the court, or the temple

A Scribe

Define: shadoof

A long pole with a bucket tied on one end to dip water from the Nile

When a volcano is erupting, it is

Active

The first to take the title of pharaoh

Akhenaton

What is unique about the Sahara Desert?

Almost all of Egypt is located in the Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world.

Largest mountain system in Europe

Alps

The height above sea level

Altitude or Elevation

Most mountainous continent

Asia

Why is the Sinai Peninsula sometimes referred to as a land bridge?

Because people use the Sinai Peninsula cross from Israel to Egypt

Why is Egypt called the "Gift of the Nile"?

Because without the Nile River, all of Egypt would be a desert

The Egyptians later found that they could make copper stronger by melting copper and tin together to make

Bronze

Deep, narrow valleys with steep sides

Canyons

The early Egyptians mined what from the Sinai Peninsula

Copper

If you go upstream, you have to struggle against the movement of a stream of water or

Current

A land too dry or too cold to grow many plants

Desert

When a volcano is not active during a long period, it is

Dormant

The direction in which a river flows

Downstream

When all activity of a volcano has finally ceased, it is

Extinct

Most ancient Egyptians did what for work?

Farmers

Name the Three Egyptian Seasons

Flood Season (June-September); Planting Season (October-February); Harvest Season (March-May)

The most famous and largest of the pyramids still standing today

Great Pyramid

One of the most famous monuments in the ancient world that stands near the Great Pyramid. Has the head of a man and the body of a lion.

Great Sphinx

The Egyptian city that was the center of sun worship

Heliopolis

The early ancient Egyptians wrote using a system of pictures called

Hieroglyphics. These pictures actually stood for the objects pictured.

Highest mountain system in the world

Himalayas

Before 1500 BC, many countries were beginning to find that what was highly superior to copper and bronze for makingtools and weapons.

Iron

For whom was the Great Pyramid built?

King Khufu

The tomb of this pharaoh is more famous than he is

King Tut (Tutankhamen)

The surface of the earth rises and falls in features called

Landforms

What was the capital of ancient Egypt, built by Menes?

Memphis

Who was considered to be the "King of Upper and Lower Egypt"?

Menes

About 1/5 of the earth's land surface is covered with

Mountains

Hills and mountains are similar to each other, but which rises higher above the surrounding land

Mountains

Where is the Great Pyramid located?

Near the modern city of Cairo

What is the longest river in the world?

Nile River

Something that held paints

Palette

Our word paper comes from the word

Papyrus

Has a brownish flower, grew from three to ten feet high in the hot and humid climate of Lower Egypt

Papyrus plant

The pointed top of a mountain is its

Peak

A flat or level area of land

Plain

A highland plain

Plateau

Ancient Egypt's only woman pharaoh

Queen Hatshepsut

The name of the Egyptians sun god

Ra

A part of the river where the current is swift is called a

Rapids

All the land drained by a river and its branches is called a

River basin

The bottom of a river over which the water flows is called the

Riverbed

Egyptians found many uses for the papyrus plant

Rope, clothes, sandals, mats, medicine, food

The key to unlocking the meaning of the ancient Egyptian language

Rosetta Stone

A long roll of paper

Scroll

The height of a mountain is not measured by its distance above the land around it, but by its distance above

Sea Level

The level of the sea waters

Sea level

The highest peak of a mountain

Summit

Upon what did Egyptians base their seasons?

The annual flooding of the Nile

What pet was considered sacred by the Egyptians?

The cat

The most important use to world history that the Egyptians found for the papyrus plant

They used it to make the world's first paperlike material

Why did the Egyptians choose mostly white as a color to wear?

This color reflects the sun, making white the most comfortable color to wear in a hot, dry climate. They did wear jewelry to add color.

Because the land was fertile and the climate warm, most Egyptians could raise how many crops each year?

Two or three

The direction from which a river flows

Upstream

The low land between hills or mountains is called a

Valley

The valley near Thebes used as a cemetery by the pharaohs who ruled between 1500 B.C. and 1100 B.C.

Valley of the Kings

A mountain with openings in the earth's crust through which lava or steam escapes

Volcano

Sometimes the water tumbles over a cliff to form a

Waterfall

Some examples of crops raised by Egyptians

Wheat, barley, flax, peas, beans, lettuce, melons

Define: cataract

a large bed of rocks piled in the river that produces small waterfalls

Define: famine

a period of serious shortage of food

Define: delta

a piece of land that has slowly built up over the years by the deposit of loose sand and soil at the mouth of a river.

Define: pyramid

burial places (tombs) for the Egyptian rulers

Fourth letter of the Greek alphabet

delta

Define: pharaoh

great house; name used by Egyptian kings

A long row of mountains is called a

mountain range

Define: mummified (or mummy)

preserved with chemicals (preserving a body with chemicals)

Define: obelisks

tall, pointed pillars