History Grade 8 EOC

Benjamin Franklin was a patriot and his son was a loyalist. They both attended the Continental Congresses.

Benjamin Franklin and his son had opposite opinions. Which was a Patriot and which was a Loyalist.

To balance the interests of both the small and large states, the Framers of the Constitution divided the power of Congress between the two houses. Every state has an equal voice in the Senate, while representation in the House of Representatives is based on the size of each state's population.

How did both large and small states get the form of representation they wanted in Congress? Hint: It fixed one of the weaknesses of the articles of Confederation.

England had to pay off war debt and so they taxed the colonies heavily and the colonist rebelled.

How did the French and Indian War mess up the relationship between England and the colonies?

They felt it was unfair. They wanted the right to vote about their own taxes, like the people living in Britain. But no colonists were permitted to serve in the British Parliament. So they protested that they were being taxed without being represented.

How did the colonists feel about being represented in England?

She wanted him to recognize women and their rights as citizens.

What did Abigail Adams want her husband John Adams to do?

His position that "taxation without representation is tyranny" became a rallying cry, as Otis argued that principle and laid out a number of other colonial grievances against the British government.

What did James Otis speak out about?

They wanted the right to vote about their own taxes, like the people living in Britain. But no colonists were permitted to serve in the British Parliament. So they protested that they were being taxed without being represented.

What did the colonists mean by "No Taxation Without Representation?"

Declaration of Independence

What document contained a statement of beliefs, a list of grievances, and a justification of revolution?

Propaganda is trying to persuade by using only partial and/or biased facts about a situation.

What does propaganda mean?

Checks and balances operate throughout the U.S. government, as each branch exercises certain powers that can be checked by the powers given to the other two branches. ... Within the legislative branch, each house of Congress serves as a check on possible abuses of power by the other.

What does separation of powers and checks and balances accomplish? Hint: The same reason they did not want a king.

The boycott made it even more difficult to generate more money from the colonists, which hurt them financially. The colonist began to make their own products to replace British products and the British merchants were afraid of loosing customers and money.

What effect did the colonists' boycotts have on the English?

Sugar Act (1764). This British law charged duties on sugar imported by the colonies. ... Currency Act (1751 and 1764). ... Stamp Act (1765). ... Quartering Act (1765). ... Townshend Acts (1767). ... Boston Massacre (1770). ... Tea Act (1773). ... Boston Tea Party (1773). Intolerable Acts Taxation without representation.

What events lead up to the Revolutionary War?

It took 10 months for the first nine states to approve the Constitution. The first state to ratify was Delaware, on December 7, 1787, by a unanimous vote, 30 - 0. The featured document is an endorsed ratification of the federal Constitution by the Delaware convention. The names of the state deputies are listed, probably in the hand of a clerk. The signature of the President of Delaware's convention, Thomas Collins, attests to the validity of the document, which also carries the state seal in its left margin. Delaware's speediness thwarted Pennsylvania's attempt to be first to ratify in the hope of securing the seat of the National Government in Pennsylvania.

What had to be done in order to get enough states to agree to ratify the constitution? Hint: There were 10 of them.

English philosopher, Locke summed up the Enlightenment in his beliefs. He advocated that all men were equal and that each should be permitted to act as long as he harms no other. Government should have limited control over man. Using these foundations, he continued to make a classic justification for private property by declaring that the natural world is the common property of all men, but that any individual could appropriate some bit of it for himself by mixing his labor with the natural resources.

What idea is John Locke famous for? Hint: back to nature!

Tenth Amendment - The Meaning. The Tenth Amendment was included in the Bill of Rights to further define the balance of power between the federal government and the states. The amendment says that the federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution.

What is important about the 10th Amendment?.

elastic clause. a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

What is the Elastic Clause of the Constitution and why is it important? Hint: It is part of why it has lasted from 1788 - present.

Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.

What is the main reason for separation of powers in the American Government?

There was help on the way because it convinced the French to openly support the colonists against England.

What was so important about the Battle of Saratoga?

It was the first attempt at self-government for the colonist.

What was so important about the Mayflower Compact?

This is when England banned the colonist from exploring the land beyond the Appellation Mountains.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

There are rights that are "unalienable" or cannot be taken away. All men are created equal and have God-given rights that no one can take away.

What was the main point of the Declaration of Independence?

It limited the powers of the king: No-one is above the law, even the king. Right to a fair trial. People who are taxed should have some kind of representation.

What was the main thing that the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights did that Americans included in their approach to government? Hint: Power.

It set the boarders of America and England had to recognize America as a free, independent country.

What were the major provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1783? Hint: America got something it wanted and something got set

One of the biggest problems was that the national government had no power to impose taxes. To avoid any perception of "taxation without representation," the Articles of Confederation allowed only state governments to levy taxes. To pay for its expenses, the national government had to request money from the states. The states, however, were often negligent in this duty, and so the national government was underfunded. Without money, the Federal Government could not operate.

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Hint: The King was a bad parent.

He was a patriot who helped write the Declaration of Independence and he attended the Continental Congresses.

Who is Benjamin Franklin and what did he do?

The Sons of Liberty (the same group who threw the Boston Tea Party) used the painting by Paul Revere depicting the Boston Massacre as propaganda.

Who used propaganda against the British?

Two sides to every coin, so both sides (British and Colonist) were at fault.

Who was at fault for the Boston Massacre?

George Washington.

Who was the first commander of the Continental Army?

Loyalist: a colonist who wanted to remain loyal to the king and remain an English subject. Patriot: A colonist who felt England was mistreating the colonists and wanted independence from England.

Who were Loyalists and who were Patriots?

They wanted income and resources that the colonies generated.

Why did England want to keep control of the colonies.

It was a persuasive essay to convince the average citizen (common man) that breaking away from England was the right thing to do.

Why did Thomas Paine write Common Sense?

Because King George's temper was bad. They were a reaction by King George to the Boston Tea Party to punish the colonists, and the colonists thought they were unfair and intolerable.

Why did the colonists call the Coercive Acts the Intolerable Acts?

It was a difficult time because the weather was extremely cold and snow packed, there was a lack of food, clothing, blankets, and shelter that lead to very low moral.

Why was the winter at Valley Forge such a bad thing for the Continental Army? Hint: America got something it wanted and something got set