Rahmlow Modernism Art History Final Exam

Zurich Dada

., dada was interested in performance to question the rationality of art making, critiquing society and the very art making (traditional ways) not about politics just about the western techniques in general

Illusionistic Surrealism

A form of surrealism that renders the irrational content, absurd juxtapositions, and changing forms of dreams in a highly illusionistic manner that blurs the distinctions between the real and the imaginary.

Les Maudits

"The Cursed" Artists not famous like elder statesmen that were working to get noticed in Paris. Bohemian. Starving artist. Cursed relates to situation in art culture and life events.

Synthetic Cubism

A later phase of Cubism, in which paintings and drawings were constructed from objects and shapes cut from paper or other materials to represent parts of a subject, in order to engage the viewer with pictorial issues, such as figuration, realism, and abstraction.

Constructivism

A philosophy of learning based on the premise that people construct their own understanding of the world they live in through reflection on experiences

the Chicago School

A school of architecture dedicated to the design of buildings whose form expressed, rather than masked, their structure and function.

Die Brucke (The Bridge)

A short-lived German Expressionist movement characterized by boldly colored landscapes and cityscapes and by violent portraits. Dresden.

Suprematism

A type of art formulated by Kazimir Malevich to convey his belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object and thus calls for new, nonobjective forms in art shapes not related to objects in the visible world.

papier colle

A visual and tactile technique in which scraps of paper having various textures are pasted to the picture surface to enrich or embellish those areas. The printing of text or images on those scraps can provide further visual richness or decorative pattern.

Medrano II

Aleksandr Archipenko, 1913

Untitled advertising poster

Aleksandr Rodchenko, 1924

Nude

Amedeo Modigliani, 1917

Large Reclining Nude (Pink Nude)

Amedeo Modigliani, 1935

the Metaphysical School

An Italian movement that explored the unconscious mind through the juxtapositions of ordinary objects.

Futurism

An early-20th-century Italian art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and dynamism of modern technology.

Battle of Fishes

Andre Masson 1926

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

Artist group active in Munich, Germany, from 1911 to 1914, and closely associated with the development of Expressionism. The group's aim was to express their own inner desires in a variety of forms, rather than to strive for a unified style or theme.

Socialist Realism (USSR)

Artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light

Wandering People, from the series People of the 20th Century

August Sander, 1926-32

Vorticism

Avant-garde movement coined by Ezra Pound which is highly abstract and modern, focusing on harsh lines and angles, devoting subject matter to urban areas and history. Predominantly visual art.

The Harlem Renaissance

Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.

Ezra Pound (1885-1972)

Born in the U.S. but spent most of his life in Europe. Was a friend and inspiration to many modernist writers. Founded a group of modernist poets called imagists. Eventually moved away from imagism and towards a new movement called Vorticism (highly abstract and modern). *In a Station of the Metro *The Cantos *A Pact

Patriotic Celebration (Free-Word Painting)

Carlo Carra, 1914

Carcass of Beef

Chaim Soutine, 1925

Church Street El

Charles Sheeler, 1920

Orphism

Color Cubism kaleidoscopic array of colored shards Robert Delauney(The Red Tower)

Bird in Space, Constantin Brancusi, 1925

Constantin Brancusi, 1925

Sound Poetry

Dermot O'Reilly, more abstract form of concrete poetry - it has been called the "ultimate performance poetry" - works only for the ear, not the eye. It has a musical quality to it, but looks like nonsense on the page.

Detroit Industry

Diego Rivera, North Wall, 1932-33. Detroit Institute of Arts.

Portrait of Paris von Gutersloh

Egon Schiele, 1918

Proun 99

El Lissitzky, 1924-25

Female Dancer

Emil Nolde, 1913

Einstein Tower

Erich Mendelsohn, Potsdam Germany, 1920-21

The Avenger

Ernst Barlach, 1914

Street, Dresden

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1908 (Dated 1907)

Three Women (Le Grand Dejeuner)

Fernand Leger, 1921

Berlin Dada

Formed by Hulsenbeck in 1918; formed "club dada" and put out publications under Dada name. Heartfield, Haussmann, Grosz, Dix, and Hoch are among those creating created visual art. Most political of all Dada groups; inspired by socialism, critique of military/business interests, inhumanity and inequities of the Weimar Republic.

Robie House

Frank Lloyd Wright, Chicago, IL, 1909

Dining room, Robie House.

Frank Lloyd Wright. Chicago (1908).

The Large Blue Horses

Franz Marc, 1911

Self-Portrait on the Border Between Mexico and the United States

Frida Kahlo, 1932

Alexej von Jawlensky and Marianne von Werefkin

Gabriele Munter, 1908-09

Fit for Active Service (the Faith Healers)

George Grosz, 1916-17

Houses at L'Estaque

Georges Braque, 1908

Violin and Palette

Georges Braque, 1909

Cow's Skull with Calico Roses

Georgia O'Keefe, 1931

Schroder House

Gerrit Rietveld, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1924-25

Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (Leash in Motion)

Giacomo Balla 1912 Futurism

The Melancholy and Mystery of a Street

Giorgio de Chirico, 1914, surrealism

psychic automatism

Grounded in Psychoanalysis, specifically the research of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, and the Surrealist and Abstract expressionist movements. It is an art form that has its origins in the triggering or prompting of unconscious response and subconscious impulses, such as, Free-association exercises and doodling.

Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany

Hannah Hoch, 1919-20

James Van Der Zee

Harlem Billiard Room, n.d.

New York Dada

Headed by Duchamp in New York when Cubists reject his Nude Descending a Staircase. Duchamp realizes the values of intention and context in art. Movement also included Man Ray.

Piano Lesson

Henri Matisse 1916 Oil on canvas

Karawane at the Cabaret Voltaire

Hugo Ball, Zurich, 1916

The Spanish Civil War

In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco.

The Migration series, Panel No. 1: During World War I there was a great migration north by Southern African Americans.

Jacob Lawrence, 1940-41

Man with a Guitar

Jacques Lipchitz, 1915

Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

Jean Arp, 1916-17 Dada

Carnival of Harlequin

Joan Miro, 1924-25

Little German Christmas Tree

John Heartfield, 1934

Still Life and Townscape (Place Ravignan)

Juan Gris, 1915

The Volunteers, Plate 2 from War

Kathe Kollwitz, 1922-23

Suprematist Composition: White Square on White

Kazimir Malevich, 1918

Merzbild

Kurt Schwitters

Hanover Merzbau, destroyed

Kurt Schwitters, 1931

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Launched Futurism after WWI- Italian who glorified machine age which is the key to an enlightened. Sought to replace "old art" because it held back from new art to be created. Wanted to raise audience interaction

Guaranty Trust Building (now Prudential Building)

Louis Sullivan, Buffalo, NY, 1894-95

Gift

Man Ray, replica of a lost original of 1921, 1958

Paris Through the Window

Marc Chagall, 1913

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

Marcel Duchamp, 1912

The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)

Marcel Duchamp, 1915-23

Fountain

Marcel Duchamp, 1917, Dada

Given: 1. The Waterfall. 2. The Illuminating Gas

Marcel Duchamp, 1946-66

the Futurist manifesto

Marinetti, 1909

Departure

Max Beckmann, 1932-33

Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale

Max Ernst, 1924, Oil on wood with wood construction

De Stijl (The Style)

Meaning "the style" in Dutch, a term describing a group of artists and architects whose style is characterized by the use of primary colors, rectangular shapes, and asymmetrical compositions. The movement was a direct response to the chaotic and destructive events of World War I, and its members believed that developing a new artistic style represented a means of rebuilding and creating a harmonic order.

Rayonist Composition

Mikhail Larinov 1916 gouache on paper 21 1/4 x17 5/8 in.

Prairie Style Architecture

Modern architecture style meant to mimic rolling parries, used by FLR in the Robie house. He replaced boxy rooms with open spaces, which created a "floating quality" meant to minimize the noticeability of vertical elements.

Machine Aesthetic

Most often used in reference to the art of the 1920s, this term refers to works that reproduce the sleek, shiny surfaces and geometric regularity of actual industrial machines.

Room 3 including Dada wall in Degenerate Art Exhibition

Munich, 1937

Icon Painting Motifs

Natalia Goncharova, 1912

Counter-Relief

Not painting, sculpture, or architecture but counter to all three arts in activating materials (and viewers) in new ways

Dr. Mayer-Hermann

Otto Dix, 1926

La Vie (Life)

Pablo Picaso, 1903

Accordianist

Pablo Picasso, 1911

Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass

Pablo Picasso, 1912

Maquette for Guitar

Pablo Picasso, 1912

Still Life with Chair Caning

Pablo Picasso, 1912, synthetic cubism

Three Musicians

Pablo Picasso, 1921

Guernica

Pablo Picasso, 1937, oil on canvas

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Pablo Picasso. 1907 C.E. Oil on canvas.

Self-Portrait on her Sixth Wedding Anniversary

Paula Modersohn-Becker, 1906

Composition

Percy Wyndham Lewis, 1913

Tableau No II with Red, Blue, Black, Yellow and Gray

Piet Mondrian, 1921-25

the Russian Revolution

Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism.

The Horse

Raymond Duchamp-Villon, 1914

The Treachery of Images

Rene Magritte, 1928-1929, surrealism

Simultaneous Contrasts: Sun and Moon

Robert Delaunay, 1913 (dated 1912) Orphism

Folk Musicians

Romare Bearden, 1941-42

The Persistence of Memory

Salvador Dali. 1931. Surrealism.

291 Gallery

Small gallery owned by photographer Alfred Stieglitz in Manhattan. One of the first galleries to feature artist Duchamp's work.

Blanket

Sonia Delaunay, 1911

Rythmes Libres

Sophie Taeuber, 1919

Neo-Plasticism

Term adopted by the Dutch pioneer of abstract art, Piet Mondrian, for his own type of abstract painting which used only horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors

The New Objectivity

Term coined in the 1920s to describe a kind of new realism in music, in reaction to the emotional intensity of the late Romantics and the expressionism of Schoenberg and Berg

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

The Nazi leader who came to power legally in Germany in 1933. He set up a totalitarian dictatorship and led Germany into World War II.

Analytic Cubism

The first phase of Cubism, developed jointly by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in which the artists analyzed form from every possible vantage point to combine the various views into one pictorial whole.

Fantastic Art

The representation of fanciful images, sometimes joyful and whimsical, sometimes horrific and grotesque.

City Building

Thomas Hart Benton, from the mural series America Today, 1930

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Umberto Boccioni 1913 Futurism

States of Mind I: The Farewells

Umberto Boccioni, 1911

Design for Sportswear

Varvara Fedorovna Stepanova, 1923

Composition VII

Vasily Kandinsky, 1913

Counter-Relief (piece)

Vladimir Tatlin, 1915

Model for Monument to the Third International

Vladimir Tatlin, 1919-20

simultaneous contrast

When two different colors come into direct contact, the contrast intensifies the difference between them.

Hugo Ball

[1886-1927] German author, poet and one of the leading Dada artists; founded Cabaret Voltaire along with his wife, a night singer; created the Dada Manifesto, making a political statement about his views on the terrible state of society.

Andre Breton

[1896-1966] French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as pure psychic automatism.

Expressionism

a style of painting, music, or drama in which the artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world.

Surrealism

a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

woodblock printing

a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood, covered with ink, and pressed to a piece of paper to create a printed page

the Mexican Muralists

a group of Mexican Artists determined to base their art on their indigenous history and culture existing before the European arrived (Jose Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera)

Photomontage

a montage constructed from photographic images.

Dada

a nihilistic art movement (especially in painting) that flourished in Europe early in the 20th century

the Degenerate Art Exhibition

an art exhibition organized by Adolf Ziegler and the Nazi Party in Munich. Hitler declared degenerate art as art that destroyed or confused natural form, insult german feeling, or reveal an absence of artistic skill

Regionalism

an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot

the Armory Show

an exhibit in New York in 1913 that introduced Paris-based Modernism to America

Readymade

an object made for another purpose, but displayed by an artist as art (bicycle wheel, urinal, hat rack)

collage

artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements

Sigmund Freud & The Unconscious

developed psychoanalytic theory to better understand the connection between psychological and physical problems / believed human behavior comes from our unconscious thoughts and urges

World War 1 (1914-1918)

major war primarily between European powers; US entered the war in 1917

Assisted Readymade

manufactured objects that are selected and modified by the artist to be viewed in a different way than they were intended for (Duchamp)

the Cabaret Voltaire

place where Dada artist met to do poetry, music, skits. Many writers, some visual elements.

Biomorphic Surrealism

produced largely abstract compositions, although they sometimes suggest organisms or natural forms; notable artists include Joan Miro