Rahmlow Modernism Art History Final Exam
Zurich Dada
., dada was interested in performance to question the rationality of art making, critiquing society and the very art making (traditional ways) not about politics just about the western techniques in general
Illusionistic Surrealism
A form of surrealism that renders the irrational content, absurd juxtapositions, and changing forms of dreams in a highly illusionistic manner that blurs the distinctions between the real and the imaginary.
Les Maudits
"The Cursed" Artists not famous like elder statesmen that were working to get noticed in Paris. Bohemian. Starving artist. Cursed relates to situation in art culture and life events.
Synthetic Cubism
A later phase of Cubism, in which paintings and drawings were constructed from objects and shapes cut from paper or other materials to represent parts of a subject, in order to engage the viewer with pictorial issues, such as figuration, realism, and abstraction.
Constructivism
A philosophy of learning based on the premise that people construct their own understanding of the world they live in through reflection on experiences
the Chicago School
A school of architecture dedicated to the design of buildings whose form expressed, rather than masked, their structure and function.
Die Brucke (The Bridge)
A short-lived German Expressionist movement characterized by boldly colored landscapes and cityscapes and by violent portraits. Dresden.
Suprematism
A type of art formulated by Kazimir Malevich to convey his belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object and thus calls for new, nonobjective forms in art shapes not related to objects in the visible world.
papier colle
A visual and tactile technique in which scraps of paper having various textures are pasted to the picture surface to enrich or embellish those areas. The printing of text or images on those scraps can provide further visual richness or decorative pattern.
Medrano II
Aleksandr Archipenko, 1913
Untitled advertising poster
Aleksandr Rodchenko, 1924
Nude
Amedeo Modigliani, 1917
Large Reclining Nude (Pink Nude)
Amedeo Modigliani, 1935
the Metaphysical School
An Italian movement that explored the unconscious mind through the juxtapositions of ordinary objects.
Futurism
An early-20th-century Italian art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and dynamism of modern technology.
Battle of Fishes
Andre Masson 1926
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)
Artist group active in Munich, Germany, from 1911 to 1914, and closely associated with the development of Expressionism. The group's aim was to express their own inner desires in a variety of forms, rather than to strive for a unified style or theme.
Socialist Realism (USSR)
Artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light
Wandering People, from the series People of the 20th Century
August Sander, 1926-32
Vorticism
Avant-garde movement coined by Ezra Pound which is highly abstract and modern, focusing on harsh lines and angles, devoting subject matter to urban areas and history. Predominantly visual art.
The Harlem Renaissance
Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.
Ezra Pound (1885-1972)
Born in the U.S. but spent most of his life in Europe. Was a friend and inspiration to many modernist writers. Founded a group of modernist poets called imagists. Eventually moved away from imagism and towards a new movement called Vorticism (highly abstract and modern). *In a Station of the Metro *The Cantos *A Pact
Patriotic Celebration (Free-Word Painting)
Carlo Carra, 1914
Carcass of Beef
Chaim Soutine, 1925
Church Street El
Charles Sheeler, 1920
Orphism
Color Cubism kaleidoscopic array of colored shards Robert Delauney(The Red Tower)
Bird in Space, Constantin Brancusi, 1925
Constantin Brancusi, 1925
Sound Poetry
Dermot O'Reilly, more abstract form of concrete poetry - it has been called the "ultimate performance poetry" - works only for the ear, not the eye. It has a musical quality to it, but looks like nonsense on the page.
Detroit Industry
Diego Rivera, North Wall, 1932-33. Detroit Institute of Arts.
Portrait of Paris von Gutersloh
Egon Schiele, 1918
Proun 99
El Lissitzky, 1924-25
Female Dancer
Emil Nolde, 1913
Einstein Tower
Erich Mendelsohn, Potsdam Germany, 1920-21
The Avenger
Ernst Barlach, 1914
Street, Dresden
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1908 (Dated 1907)
Three Women (Le Grand Dejeuner)
Fernand Leger, 1921
Berlin Dada
Formed by Hulsenbeck in 1918; formed "club dada" and put out publications under Dada name. Heartfield, Haussmann, Grosz, Dix, and Hoch are among those creating created visual art. Most political of all Dada groups; inspired by socialism, critique of military/business interests, inhumanity and inequities of the Weimar Republic.
Robie House
Frank Lloyd Wright, Chicago, IL, 1909
Dining room, Robie House.
Frank Lloyd Wright. Chicago (1908).
The Large Blue Horses
Franz Marc, 1911
Self-Portrait on the Border Between Mexico and the United States
Frida Kahlo, 1932
Alexej von Jawlensky and Marianne von Werefkin
Gabriele Munter, 1908-09
Fit for Active Service (the Faith Healers)
George Grosz, 1916-17
Houses at L'Estaque
Georges Braque, 1908
Violin and Palette
Georges Braque, 1909
Cow's Skull with Calico Roses
Georgia O'Keefe, 1931
Schroder House
Gerrit Rietveld, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1924-25
Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (Leash in Motion)
Giacomo Balla 1912 Futurism
The Melancholy and Mystery of a Street
Giorgio de Chirico, 1914, surrealism
psychic automatism
Grounded in Psychoanalysis, specifically the research of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, and the Surrealist and Abstract expressionist movements. It is an art form that has its origins in the triggering or prompting of unconscious response and subconscious impulses, such as, Free-association exercises and doodling.
Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany
Hannah Hoch, 1919-20
James Van Der Zee
Harlem Billiard Room, n.d.
New York Dada
Headed by Duchamp in New York when Cubists reject his Nude Descending a Staircase. Duchamp realizes the values of intention and context in art. Movement also included Man Ray.
Piano Lesson
Henri Matisse 1916 Oil on canvas
Karawane at the Cabaret Voltaire
Hugo Ball, Zurich, 1916
The Spanish Civil War
In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco.
The Migration series, Panel No. 1: During World War I there was a great migration north by Southern African Americans.
Jacob Lawrence, 1940-41
Man with a Guitar
Jacques Lipchitz, 1915
Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
Jean Arp, 1916-17 Dada
Carnival of Harlequin
Joan Miro, 1924-25
Little German Christmas Tree
John Heartfield, 1934
Still Life and Townscape (Place Ravignan)
Juan Gris, 1915
The Volunteers, Plate 2 from War
Kathe Kollwitz, 1922-23
Suprematist Composition: White Square on White
Kazimir Malevich, 1918
Merzbild
Kurt Schwitters
Hanover Merzbau, destroyed
Kurt Schwitters, 1931
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Launched Futurism after WWI- Italian who glorified machine age which is the key to an enlightened. Sought to replace "old art" because it held back from new art to be created. Wanted to raise audience interaction
Guaranty Trust Building (now Prudential Building)
Louis Sullivan, Buffalo, NY, 1894-95
Gift
Man Ray, replica of a lost original of 1921, 1958
Paris Through the Window
Marc Chagall, 1913
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
Marcel Duchamp, 1912
The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)
Marcel Duchamp, 1915-23
Fountain
Marcel Duchamp, 1917, Dada
Given: 1. The Waterfall. 2. The Illuminating Gas
Marcel Duchamp, 1946-66
the Futurist manifesto
Marinetti, 1909
Departure
Max Beckmann, 1932-33
Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale
Max Ernst, 1924, Oil on wood with wood construction
De Stijl (The Style)
Meaning "the style" in Dutch, a term describing a group of artists and architects whose style is characterized by the use of primary colors, rectangular shapes, and asymmetrical compositions. The movement was a direct response to the chaotic and destructive events of World War I, and its members believed that developing a new artistic style represented a means of rebuilding and creating a harmonic order.
Rayonist Composition
Mikhail Larinov 1916 gouache on paper 21 1/4 x17 5/8 in.
Prairie Style Architecture
Modern architecture style meant to mimic rolling parries, used by FLR in the Robie house. He replaced boxy rooms with open spaces, which created a "floating quality" meant to minimize the noticeability of vertical elements.
Machine Aesthetic
Most often used in reference to the art of the 1920s, this term refers to works that reproduce the sleek, shiny surfaces and geometric regularity of actual industrial machines.
Room 3 including Dada wall in Degenerate Art Exhibition
Munich, 1937
Icon Painting Motifs
Natalia Goncharova, 1912
Counter-Relief
Not painting, sculpture, or architecture but counter to all three arts in activating materials (and viewers) in new ways
Dr. Mayer-Hermann
Otto Dix, 1926
La Vie (Life)
Pablo Picaso, 1903
Accordianist
Pablo Picasso, 1911
Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass
Pablo Picasso, 1912
Maquette for Guitar
Pablo Picasso, 1912
Still Life with Chair Caning
Pablo Picasso, 1912, synthetic cubism
Three Musicians
Pablo Picasso, 1921
Guernica
Pablo Picasso, 1937, oil on canvas
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Pablo Picasso. 1907 C.E. Oil on canvas.
Self-Portrait on her Sixth Wedding Anniversary
Paula Modersohn-Becker, 1906
Composition
Percy Wyndham Lewis, 1913
Tableau No II with Red, Blue, Black, Yellow and Gray
Piet Mondrian, 1921-25
the Russian Revolution
Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism.
The Horse
Raymond Duchamp-Villon, 1914
The Treachery of Images
Rene Magritte, 1928-1929, surrealism
Simultaneous Contrasts: Sun and Moon
Robert Delaunay, 1913 (dated 1912) Orphism
Folk Musicians
Romare Bearden, 1941-42
The Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali. 1931. Surrealism.
291 Gallery
Small gallery owned by photographer Alfred Stieglitz in Manhattan. One of the first galleries to feature artist Duchamp's work.
Blanket
Sonia Delaunay, 1911
Rythmes Libres
Sophie Taeuber, 1919
Neo-Plasticism
Term adopted by the Dutch pioneer of abstract art, Piet Mondrian, for his own type of abstract painting which used only horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors
The New Objectivity
Term coined in the 1920s to describe a kind of new realism in music, in reaction to the emotional intensity of the late Romantics and the expressionism of Schoenberg and Berg
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
The Nazi leader who came to power legally in Germany in 1933. He set up a totalitarian dictatorship and led Germany into World War II.
Analytic Cubism
The first phase of Cubism, developed jointly by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in which the artists analyzed form from every possible vantage point to combine the various views into one pictorial whole.
Fantastic Art
The representation of fanciful images, sometimes joyful and whimsical, sometimes horrific and grotesque.
City Building
Thomas Hart Benton, from the mural series America Today, 1930
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Umberto Boccioni 1913 Futurism
States of Mind I: The Farewells
Umberto Boccioni, 1911
Design for Sportswear
Varvara Fedorovna Stepanova, 1923
Composition VII
Vasily Kandinsky, 1913
Counter-Relief (piece)
Vladimir Tatlin, 1915
Model for Monument to the Third International
Vladimir Tatlin, 1919-20
simultaneous contrast
When two different colors come into direct contact, the contrast intensifies the difference between them.
Hugo Ball
[1886-1927] German author, poet and one of the leading Dada artists; founded Cabaret Voltaire along with his wife, a night singer; created the Dada Manifesto, making a political statement about his views on the terrible state of society.
Andre Breton
[1896-1966] French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as pure psychic automatism.
Expressionism
a style of painting, music, or drama in which the artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world.
Surrealism
a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.
woodblock printing
a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood, covered with ink, and pressed to a piece of paper to create a printed page
the Mexican Muralists
a group of Mexican Artists determined to base their art on their indigenous history and culture existing before the European arrived (Jose Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera)
Photomontage
a montage constructed from photographic images.
Dada
a nihilistic art movement (especially in painting) that flourished in Europe early in the 20th century
the Degenerate Art Exhibition
an art exhibition organized by Adolf Ziegler and the Nazi Party in Munich. Hitler declared degenerate art as art that destroyed or confused natural form, insult german feeling, or reveal an absence of artistic skill
Regionalism
an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot
the Armory Show
an exhibit in New York in 1913 that introduced Paris-based Modernism to America
Readymade
an object made for another purpose, but displayed by an artist as art (bicycle wheel, urinal, hat rack)
collage
artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements
Sigmund Freud & The Unconscious
developed psychoanalytic theory to better understand the connection between psychological and physical problems / believed human behavior comes from our unconscious thoughts and urges
World War 1 (1914-1918)
major war primarily between European powers; US entered the war in 1917
Assisted Readymade
manufactured objects that are selected and modified by the artist to be viewed in a different way than they were intended for (Duchamp)
the Cabaret Voltaire
place where Dada artist met to do poetry, music, skits. Many writers, some visual elements.
Biomorphic Surrealism
produced largely abstract compositions, although they sometimes suggest organisms or natural forms; notable artists include Joan Miro