History of design - lesson 8

Cité de refuge, Paris (1929-1933)

Le Corbusier Building for students, rules are always the same. Marking difference between floors with colours.

Plan Voisin (1925)

Le Corbusier City of Paris

Project for the Ville Contemporaine (1922)

Le Corbusier City, 300.000 people. Central city. Designed city where not only buildings were, nature were a big rule for him. Green areas. More spaces for nature because buildings are getting higher.

Pavilion at Salon d'Automne, Paris (1929)

Le Corbusier Clear modularity in both shape and materials. Catch modularity of the floor. Materials that are reflecting, glass and metal. First time we see his famous projects.

Maison Citrohan (1922)

Le Corbusier Comes from idea of a house that has to be built in series, like cars. Reinforced concrete, space that is modular. Living room is higher, doubled high. Parking designed for car.

Still life (1920)

Le Corbusier Composition of forms, bottles, instruments, simple shapes. Idea of aesthetic, comes from interacting from different elements. Complex.

Residential district in Pessac (1922)

Le Corbusier Developing substance project. Build series of buildings, different blocks, every building is coloured, idea of creating an identify.

Project for the Palace of Soviet competition (1927)

Le Corbusier Didn't win. Influenced by another monument (Pisa, leaning tower). Analogy.

Secretariat, Chandigarh (1951-1962)

Le Corbusier Façade, support is based on the pillars based on the inside, façade is completely free.

Pavillon Suisse, Paris (1930-1931)

Le Corbusier Following his principles, 5 points, pillar, horizontal windows, roof garden...

Villa La Roche (1923-1925)

Le Corbusier Has to be flat, that could host a function, can be a garden. Often it's a terrace

Villa Savoye, Poissy (1928-1930)

Le Corbusier Horizontal long window.

Villa Radieuse (1931)

Le Corbusier Infinite city

IMPORTANT - Villa Savoye, Possiy (1928-1931)

Le Corbusier Like a box in air. Moved and lifted up from the ground, three floors. Drive around the car so you can park. Ground floor is based by the car. Two different entrances. Upper floor is the night part of the house. On the top we have some kind of statue. Pillars, horizontal windows, vegetable garden on the top. Looks like it's a perfect square. YES it appear like a perfect square. Rectangular. Connecting between the ramp. Ramp passes in front of you, is the way representing the time of architecture. A system that he defined as Promenade architecture. (Architectural pathway).

Plan of Rio de Janeiro (1930)

Le Corbusier Line, includes series of spaces, long highway. Continues. Creates new surfaces for cities.

Casier Standard (1925)

Le Corbusier Model 37,5 cm of depth, 75 cm high. Modular in every part.

Cilla Carthage (1928)

Le Corbusier Structure based on the pillars, role is satisfied by pillars, walls can move, sometimes they can be rounded, small or big.

Pavillon de l'Esprit Nouveau, Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Paris (1925)

Le Corbusier Two kinds of projects, chairs, quite traditional, The other chair (Thonet). Behind there's containers designed by Le Corbusier.

Project for the Palace of Nations, Geneve (1927)

Le Corbusier Was not approved, he didn't use the specific ink.

Loucheur House (1929)

Le Corbusier, Flexibility, the building is modular. Modul of a square that is repeated. Only fixed walls is the block of the bathroom.

IMPORTANT - Villa Stein, de Monzie, Garches (1926-1928)

Le Corbusier, Incredible, before arriving there is a car. Showing us how the car as evolution much but not the buildings. Building is composed by series of floors, two entrances. Follows the rules, the pillars, modular distribution. Horizontal windows. Roof garden. Modern from the point of view, shapes, box. Elements going out but using simple shapes. Strong analogy between some buildings by Palladio and Le Corbusier. Comes from the rhythm of the house, you can divide the house of LC in different blocks and volumes that are mark by the present of the structure of the plans. It's modular. LC didn't copy his work. Proportion from inspiration from the past.

Villa Jeanneret (1912)

Le Corbusier, La Chaux-de-Fonds Design for his parents, house is still showing some details that refers to the tradition, ex. the roof, the bow window, connected with the past.

Cité de refuge, Paris (1929-1933) (vol 2)

Le Corbusier

Pavilion at Salon d'Automne, Paris (1929) (Vol 2)

Le Corbusier

Project for the Palace of Soviet competition (1927) (vol 2)

Le Corbusier

Project for the Palace of Soviet competition (1927) (vol 3)

Le Corbusier

Project for the Ville Contemporaine (1922) (vol 2)

Le Corbusier

Ministry of education (1936-1937)

Le Corbusier, Lucio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer Rio de Janeiro Did with his two students

Villa Schwob (1916-1917) (vol 2)

Le Corbusier, Neuchâtel

Maison Dom-Ino (1915)

Le Corbusier Basic structure that he will design in the future, reinforced concrete, pillars and slams. Model for houses that he will later design.

Le Corbusier in the 30's

After the competition for the Palace of Nations in 1927, in Le Corbusier's personal ideology, a fracture between aesthetic engineering and architecture appeared.

Vers une Architecture (part 2)

Buildings that is really innovative, are considered beautiful, did a deeper research why they are beautiful. Notre-Dame di Parigi - same circle Rome - draw, many part can be square and rectangular. Versailles - buildings are designed by following idea of golden section.

IMPORTANT - Villa Savoye, Possiy (1928-1931) (vol 5)

Connects with Villa Carpa (La Rotonda), 1550 - symmetrical in all parts, 4 facades, analogy between these buildings. Even though the compositions and materials are completely different.

Vers une Architecture

Esprit Nouveau magazine were later collected in a book, published in 1923 with the title Vers une Architecture. It became one of the most influential book of architecture of the 20th century. "The house is a machine for living in" - Le Corbusier in Vers une Architecture

IMPORTANT - LC4 Chaise Longue (1928) - INSPIRATIONS

Examples: Morris, Adjustable chair (1866) - can have movement, can change the angle. Pascaud, Surrepous (super relax) - chair studied finding the best possibility of relaxing, comfortable cushion.

Plan Obus of Algiers (1930)

Highway on top of a high building. Probably inspired by the Fiat factory.

L'Esprit Nouveau

In 1919 Le Corbusier founded, with Ozenfant and with the poet Paul Dermée the magazine "Esprit Nouveau", which was published in 28 numbers between 1920-1925. The title, taken from Guillaume Apollinaire, was the same time a program. In his "advices to the architects" Le Corbusier promoted the work of engineers and the works of the building of the past as model.

Le Corbusier (1887-1965)

Is not his real name, Charles-Édouard Jeanneret. Was born in Switzerland, in La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Neuenburg Jura, where he learned the job of engraver-chaser in the city of clocks. Encouraged by his teacher at the Ecole d'art, Charles L 'Eplattenier, he focused his studies on architecture. As architect Le Corbusier studied as self-taught. Painter, architect, designer, urban planner, writer is considered one of the most important character of the 20th century. He studied with a master called Charles L 'Eplattenier. Offices, Garnier and Behrens.

Villa Schwob (1916-1917)

Le Corbusier, Neuchâtel Material changes, bricks, doing a step with a relationship with the history. Plans come from Palladio, neo-classicism, symmetry main elements.

Maison La Roche (1923-1925)

Le Corbusier, Paris Office for a painter, revolution of expressing modernity. Open spaces with horizontal windows, based of innovation, double eye, double space, connecting with different floors with stairs.

Maison Cook, Paris (1926-1927)

Le Corbusier, Paris Really small of a point of view, horizontally, ground floor , we can see pillars lifting the building from the ground. Connection with staircase from bottom and all the way up. Bedrooms, living room, roof garden/terrace - space that is developed for living space. Horizontal window.

LC3 (1928)

Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte Perriand Cassina 1965-2006

LC6 Table (1928) & Swivel chair (1927)

Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte Perriand Cassina since 1974 (table) Cassina since 1978 (chair) Most knwon modern table design

IMPORTANT - LC2 Gran Confort - Comfortable chair (1928)

Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte Perriand Thonet 1930-1960, Weber 1960-1965, Cassina since 1965 Cushions, armchair, back and the seat. Leather. Structure left outside (often inside), to mark it's aesthetics. Metal is used in different, tubular, small tubular (containing the cushions), lift up from the ground.

Basculant chair - LC1 Armchair (1928)

Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte Perriand Thonet 1930-1960, Weber 1960-1965, Cassina since 1965 Modern, contrast between traditional material, leather and the tubular steel, structure of the chair.

IMPORTANT - LC4 Chaise Longue (1928)

Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte Perriand Thonet 1930-1960, Weber 1960-1965, Cassina since 1965 Typology that we've already seen. Is a chair for relaxing, two main parts, the iron part and the steel structure. Shape of a body.

House at Weibenhof (1927)

Le Corbusier, Stuttgart District that we need to know well. House that he designed this district, Interior is flexible, moveable walls. Five points.

LC5 - Canapè (1934)

Le Corbusier, Thonet Cassina 1965-2006 Starting from sketches

Vers une Architecture (part 3)

Proposition is always the same

The five points for a new architecture were announced by Le Corbusier in 1926. They regards:

Support: the replacement of supporting walls by a grid of reinforced concrete columns ("pilotis") that bears the load of the structure is the basis of the new aesthetic. Roof gardens: the flat roof can be used for a domestic purpose while also providing essential protection the concrete roof. The free designing of the ground plan: the absence of supporting walls means that the house is unrestrained in its internal usage. The free design of facade: by separating the exterior of the building form its structural function the façade becomes free. The long horizontal window: the façade can be cut along its entire length to allow rooms to be lit equally

Urban plans

The transformations made to his 20s urban prototypes, so that the hierarchical Ville Contemporaine of 1922 was replaced by the Classicist Ville Radieuse of 1930, implies significant changes in the way of conceiving the city of the machine civilization by Le Corbusier. Among these, the most significant is the transition from a centralized city model to a theoretically unlimited one, whose principle of order derives from zooning in parallel bands. La Ville Radieuse brought the concept of open cities in Ville Contemporaine inherent to its logical conclusion. Before completing its plans for la Ville Radieuse, designed the plans of Rio de Janeiro, Algiers, Sao Paolo and Montevideo.

Sketches

Travelled a lot, catches the relationship between values. Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul (1911) Campo Santo, Pisa (1911) Acropolis, Athens (1911)