History of Management Ch 2

Taylor's Four Principles of Scientific Management included which of the following?

Heartily cooperate with the men to ensure all the work is done in accordance with the science that has been developed.

Taylor's Four Principles of Scientific Management included which of the following?

Management takes over all the work for which they are better suited than the workmen.

Henri Fayol was a mining engineer in the 1800s and later the head of a large mining firm. His experience led him to formulate principles for organization, including what he called

Scalar chain: An unbroken chain of command extends from the top to the bottom of the organization.

The Gilbreth's research provided many important principles that were later incorporated into

The Gilbreth's research provided many important principles that were later incorporated into

Paperclips, an office supply store, has increased profits by selling more items than paper and ink cartridges. As a busy supply store, they are also managing the customer's supplies, checking the customer's needs, and replacing used materials in the customer's office. Paperclips has a systems approach which considers:

an untapped profit center based on the inventory management xxxx wrong

Principles from the ________ school of management were originally designed to prevent favoritism and incompetence.

bureaucratic

An effective organizational structure for an Internet company such as Google would not be the same as for a manufacturing company such as General Motors. Another ________ factor is the country in which the company operates. U.S. management methods do not work well in France.

contingency

Scientific management principles

explained how to run xxxx

Mary Parker Follett anticipated the work of Elton Mayo at a high level. She recognized the importance of

informal processes within organizations

Mayo theorized that management workers at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant were motivated more by

social dynamics than by economic or environmental factors

Gantt promoted a task-and-bonus pay plan that modified Taylor's "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work" premise. If a worker took more than the standard time, his pay was docked. If he took less time, he was paid for the additional pieces of work and a bonus of up to 20% more. This was also known as

the progressive rate system

Biologists have learned to look at animals as part of a web of life. Grasshoppers don't live in isolation away from the birds who prey on them or the vegetation that feeds them. Businesses cannot be perfected in isolation from their customers, competition, and community. This view of management is

the systems approach to management

Taylor and Gantt were the management consultants of their day. Workers were concerned the increased efficiency would mean less work and less pay. Gantt proposed to mitigate this concern with

the task and bonus pay plan

Mary Parker Follett has been called the "mother of modern management." Her ideas anticipated employment relationships that are more common today than in the 1920s. She focused on the

informal and lateral processes within an organization

A company is like a body with guts, a heart, and a nervous system. ________ is the nervous system, concerned with business signals and recording facts and processing them.

information management

Walmart developed its supply chain and inventory management to be very efficient and set the standard for other companies. These specialties are grouped under

operation, management

Scientific management engendered workers' fears that all but an elite few would soon be out of work. The humanistic approach focused on

the effects of group dynamics on efficiency and productivity

What are Frank and Lillian Gilbreth most noted for studying?

time and motion studies

The Hawthorne studies began as the type of experiment recommended by Scientific Management. Researchers were trying to find the optimal working conditions. But the outcomes defied explanation in the frame of scientific management. ________ changed the frame and focused on social dynamics.

Elton Mayo

Many companies are organized along functional lines. In these companies, accountants report to a senior accountant; salespeople report to an executive of sales. These companies follow which organization design thinker from 100 years ago, who said activities that are similar should be the responsibility of one person?

Henri Fayol

Mayo predicted that a group with ________ behaviors and ________ social bonds would have very little chance of succeeding at the task.

Negative, Few

Max Weber believed that bureaucratic management was the only logical and efficient way to manage an organization. Many organizations do follow bureaucratic principles, but Valve's Gabe Newell disagrees. His company has almost no management, and employees are expected to pursue their own projects. Which style of management shares this view that there are no universal management theories?

Contingency management

Renowned management consultant and educator Peter Drucker, hailed by BusinessWeek as "the man who invented management," referred to Frederick Taylor's impact as "the most powerful as well as the most lasting contribution America has made to Western thought since the Federalist Papers." The fundamental change Taylor introduced to address issues associated with industrial production was:

task specialization and training.

The Gilbreths both belonged to the classical school of management, which emphasized increasing

worker productivity by scientific analysis

The Gilbreths used film to study work processes. For example, consider a bricklayer building a wall. A worker would naturally unload the bricks onto the ground and pick up each brick when it was time to add it to the wall. After watching videos of the process, the Gilbreths might say that the bricklayer

could use less effort if the brick storage could be adjusted upward as the work progressed.

Max Weber believed in well-defined organizations which he called the Hierarchical Management Structure. The Humanistic management theory is similar but it recognizes the power of

Formal structure xxxxxwrong

The work of ________ and ________ forms the basis of organization designs today. The principles of bureaucracy govern most large organizations, from multinational organizations, to armies, hospitals, and universities.

Weber and Fayol

The systems approach to management is

akin to the Circle of Life in Disney's movie The Lion King

A motivation for scientific management, which uses time and motion studies and work standardizations, is to:

make manual labor run more efficiently

Google has indexed the World Wide Web to make sure information is available quickly in a form that people can apply. Google's competitive advantage depends on

information management

Information management is the ________ of a company. Information management is concerned with the collection, preservation, storage, processing, and delivery of information. The purpose of information management is to make sure information is available to the right people at the right time in a form that they can apply.

nervous system

Scientific management puts the focus on efficiency and productivity. Jobs are specialized and new employees can be trained quickly. This approach is still in use today. For example, strategy and stiff competition require this approach at

McDonald's, famous for low prices and fast food delivery.

A large software development company requires systems analysts to understand what is required, many programmers to coordinate their work, and testing to confirm that outcomes match the plan and what is needed. To coordinate and sequence the tasks, managers use the modern equivalent of

Gantt charts

Which is a limitation of scientific management?

Knowledge-based work can't be observed and broken down for efficiencies like manual labor.

Today we define the four functions of management as plan, organize, lead, and control. These were derived from Fayol's five duties of management. Where we say "lead", Fayol used

Lead and Direct xxxx wrong

The financial crisis of 2008 revealed a huge failure with major banks in the United States. The banks did not know their risk positions in credit-default derivatives. It took months to process contracts and reconcile with counter-parties. This type of activity falls under which type of management?

Operations

Max Weber believed a structured organization, a bureaucracy, would be the most logical and efficient. One of his rules was that

authority and responsibilities are clearly defined for each position

The Boston Consulting Group's Yves Morieux argues for increasing the total quantity of power in a firm. Morieux echoes the earlier ideas of ________ about sharing power and empowering employees.

Mary Parker Follett

The division of labor was first explained by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations. According to ________, the division of labor means tasks are clearly defined and employees become skilled by specializing in doing one thing.

Weber