History of TR

CTRS

Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist

Hull House (1800s-1900s)

- A settlement house in Chicago - Used recreation to improve the health & well-being for the "poor and disabled". - Used expressive arts as a therapy tool. - Used bibliotherapy. - Used leisure education.

WWI & WWII

- American Red Cross created "hospital recreation" during WWII. - This is considered the first foundation of TR.

NTRS - a branch of NRPA

National Therapeutic Recreation Society

TR today: 2001-Present

- Good quality TR conferences. - New innovative treatment techniques. - Growing diagnostic groups; Autism, Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia, & Sensory Disorders.

NTRS (disbanded in 2010)

- NRPA eliminated interest sections, NTRS was disbanded in 2010 - United the profession - The CTRS credential is highly respected in health care.

NCTRC

- Oversees national certification program and the CTRS credential. - In late 1980s completed a Job Analysis Study. - Developed a written exam in 1990. - No "grandfathering", current CTRSs had 5 years to take and pass the exam. - VERY controversial! - Today, in retrospect, all agree it was the best thing to do!

Florence Nightingale (1800s)

- Provided recreation in hospitals. - Recognized recreation could be a coping mechanism for soldiers.

TR today: 1985-2000

A time for change & growth

AAHPER in 1952

American Assoc of Health, PE & Rec. - RT section formed by recreation specialists the VA system. - Purpose was to assist doctors in treatment & therapy orientation.

ATRA (1984)

American Therapeutic Recreation Association. - Tension from leisure approach and therapy approach. - Leaders of NTRS felt NRPA was not committed to TR and its unique needs. - Leaders of NTRS formed ATRA. - ATRA's focus was the therapy approach.

ADA (1990) - Legislation

Americans with Disabilities Act. - Eliminate discrimination against people with disabilities.

Humanitarian Treatment Movement (1700s-1800s)

Confinement Box & Insane Asylums (Recreation programs seen as humane treatment).

Most important Legislation

Education Handicapped Children Act (1967) Education Handicapped Children Act (1975) Rehab Act (1973 and 1974) - Rehabilitate veterans with disabilities. - Architectural barriers. ADA (1990) IDEA (2004)

Mayo Clinc (1889)

His son and grandson also were physicians and leaders of the hospital. Leisure for enjoyment.

IDEA (2004) - Legislation

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. - Reauthorize and given a new name. - Includes TR as a related service.

Medical Spas (1800s-1900s)

Medical Spas were seen as leisure.

NART in 1953

National Assoc of Recreational Therapy. - Separate RT from PE and recreation & therapy orientation.

NCTRC formed in 1981

National Council for TR Certification

NRPA 1966

National Recreation and Park Association

1700s-1900s

Origins of TR; What paved the way for TR to be created

Leisure orientation vs. therapy orientation

TR as Leisure Approach: - Leisure is a basic human need. - TR based on opportunity to experience leisure, choice, enjoyment. TR as Therapy Approach: - Use recreational activities as a therapy tool. - Working towards a behavioral change.

1966-1984

TR growing strong & The Utopian Years of TR

1945-1965

The birth of TR as a profession & Philosophical battles in TR