hiv and integumentary

Which self-management measures would the nurse teach a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to prevent developing a resistance to antibiotics and infections? Select all that apply. a. Advise the patient to avoid skipping antibiotic doses. b. Advise the patient to wash hands properly and regularly. c. Advise the patient to save unfinished antibiotics for later use. d. Advise the patient to avoid requesting an antibiotic for flu or colds. e. Advise the patient to take antibiotics only until the patient feels better.

a, b, d

A health care provider advises against prescribing an antibiotic to a patient with a severe cold, sore throat, and runny nose. The patient states, "I really think that an antibiotic would make me feel better soon." How does the nurse respond? a. "An antibiotic is ineffective against a cold or flu." b. "Do you have any previously prescribed antibiotic at your home? If so, you can take that." c. "Your symptoms aren't severe enough to treat with antibiotics." d. "I will review a list of antibiotics; I will ask your health care provider to prescribe one of them."

a

Which patient may have the highest risk for developing malignant melanoma? a. A fair-skinned woman who uses a tanning booth regularly b. An African American patient with a family history of cancer c. A patient who required phototherapy as an infant for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia d. A Hispanic male with a history of psoriasis and eczema who responded poorly to treatment

a

Which information would the nurse provide the patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who asks about factors determining progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply. a. Progression of HIV can be assessed by your viral load. b. Your CD4 + T-cell count is one of several factors identified. c. Changes in your red blood cell count identifies progression of HIV. d. Testing for presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) assists in identifying progression. e. Your immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody levels identify progression of HIV to AIDS.

a, b

The nurse is educating a patient about ways to decrease the risk of antibiotic-resistant infection. Which instructions does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. a. Perform frequent handwashing. b. Follow directions as prescribed. c. Complete the full course of antibiotics. d. Request antibiotics for faster resolution of the flu. e. Retain leftover antibiotics for future use if needed.

a, b, c

Which patient statements indicate understanding of nursing instructions regarding skin care management? Select all that apply. a. "Avoid extreme temperatures." b. "Apply moisturizers even at night." c. "Wash my hands and legs frequently with soap." d. "Change my position regularly while at rest." e. "I will not use the foot lift on my recliner."

a, b, d

When discussing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with a patient, which statements would the nurse use? Select all that apply. a. "Untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression." b. "Late chronic HIV infection is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." c. "Untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for one year or less." d. "The interval between untreated HIV infection and a diagnosis of AIDS is about five years." e. "Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common infection associated with the symptomatic stage of HIV infection."

a, b, e

Which information would the nurse emphasize while teaching a patient ways to avoid exposure to hepatitis B infection? Select all that apply. a. Use disposable needles and syringes. b. Avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors. c. Avoid eating food prepared in unhygienic ways. d. Avoid touching or coming in contact with people with hepatitis B. e. Avoid unsafe sex with multiple partners, and always use condoms.

a, b, e

Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to a group of adults at high risk of sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection? Select all that apply. a. Safe sex practices b. Regular HIV testing c. Frequent hand washing d. Discreet use of antibiotics e. Risk reduction counseling

a, b, e

The nurse recognizes that there is an increased number of patients that require inpatient care due to an antibiotic-resistant infection. Which actions by heath care providers may have contributed to this problem? Select all that apply. a. Prescribing antibiotics for viral infections b. Performing cultures prior to initiating antibiotic therapy c. Prescribing inadequate drug regimens to treat infections d. Prescribing antibiotics based on need rather than on patient insistence e. Prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics when only first-line antibiotics are needed

a, c, e

A nurse obtained a blood sample with a syringe and large-bore needle from a patient with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a CD4 +T-cell count of 123/μL. Which factors may affect the transmission of HIV infection if the nurse sustained a needle stick from the contaminated needle? Select all that apply. a. Viral load of the patient b. Age of the injured nurse c. Age of the patient with HIV d. Immune status of the injured nurse e. Volume of blood exposed to nurse

a, d, e

In accordance with Healthy People 2020 goals, which strategies are directed toward preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and early detection of those infected? Select all that apply. a. Increased accessibility to HIV testing facilities b. Mandatory HIV testing as a routine part of health care c. Denial of sterile IV equipment to drug abusers d. Inclusion of voluntary HIV testing in routine prenatal care e. Advocacy for safer sex practices, including use of condoms

a, d, e

Which routes of transmission and infective periods would the nurse share with the patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and pregnant? Select all that apply. a. HIV can be transmitted by breastfeeding. b. HIV can be transmitted by contact with vomitus. c. HIV can be transmitted by hugging and dry kissing. d. HIV can be transmitted lifelong once a person is HIV-positive. e. HIV can be transmitted even before it is detected on a screening test.

a, d, e

A patient with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is scheduled to receive antiretroviral drugs. Which statement by the patient reflects a correct understanding of the purpose of the medications? a. "Antiretroviral drugs can cure HIV infection." b. "These drugs work by decreasing the viral load." c. "Antiretroviral drugs will prevent opportunistic diseases." d. "These drugs work only in the initial replication stage of the virus."

b

How is Breslow's measurement related to the prognosis of malignant melanoma? a. The larger the tumor, the worse is the prognosis. b. The deeper the tumor, the worse is the prognosis. c. The darker the tumor, the worse is the prognosis. d. The greater number of tumors, the worse is the prognosis.

b

In the early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which cells protect the human body from infections? a. Platelets b. T cells c. Red blood cells d. Immunoglobulins

b

The patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not want to take more than one prescribed antiretroviral medication at a time. Which explanation would the nurse provide the patient regarding combination antiretroviral therapy? a. Together, the medications will cure your HIV. b. Viral replication will be inhibited through use of the combinations. c. The combination medications will decrease your CD4 + T-cell counts. d. The combination therapy will prevent interaction with your other medications.

b

When monitoring the CD4 results of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which CD4 count would prompt the nurse to monitor for clinical manifestations associated with immunity problems? a. The CD4 count is 1200. b. The CD4 count falls to 500. c. The CD4 count falls below 200. d. The CD4 count is greater than 500.

b

When teaching a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about CD4 T cells, which statement would the nurse include? a. "HIV produces CD4 T cells, which will cause you to have more infections." b. "HIV destroys your CD4 T cells and depletes your immune system." c. "Your immune system is considered healthy when you have CD4 T cells." d. "Immune problems begin when you have more than 500 CD4 T cells/uL."

b

Which disease condition is found more in fair-skinned patients than in patients with more pigmentation in their skin? a. Keloids b. Melanoma c. Nevus of ota d. Traction alopecia

b

Which patient may have the poorest prognosis? a. A 60-year-old diagnosed with nodular ulcerative basal cell carcinoma b. A 59-year-old man who is being treated for stage IV malignant melanoma c. A 70-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with late squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) d. A 51-year-old woman whose biopsy has revealed superficial squamous cell carcinoma

b

Which type of skin cancer has a higher risk for metastasis and poor prognosis unless it is treated early? a. Myeloma b. Melanoma c. Basal cell carcinoma d. Squamous cell carcinoma

b

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for four weeks. Which findings would the nurse associate with positive drug therapy outcomes? Select all that apply. a. 80% drop in viral load b. 90% drop in viral load c. CD4 T-cell count above 14% d. CD4 T-cell count above 400 cells /µL e. 3-unit drop (99% reduction) in viral load on a log scale

b, c, e

Which cancers would the nurse discuss with the patient inquiring about the opportunistic carcinomas included in the diagnostic criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply. a. Melanoma b. Kaposi sarcoma c. Burkitt's lymphoma d. Hodgkin's lymphoma e. Invasive cervical cancer

b, c, e

A newly diagnosed patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inquires as to the requirements for development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which diagnostic criterion for AIDS would the nurse share with the patient? Select all that apply. a. The presence of HIV antibodies b. A CD4 + T-cell count below 200/µL c. The presence of an opportunistic infection d. A white blood cell (WBC) count below 5000/µL e. Presence of an opportunistic cancer f. Loss of 10% or more of ideal body mass

b, c, e, f

The nurse is providing discharge education for a patient with an infection who is prescribed antibiotic therapy. Which instructions does the nurse include? Select all that apply. a. "Stop taking the antibiotic when you feel better." b. "Be sure to take your antibiotics as directed by the prescriber." c. "If a family member has leftover antibiotics, just use those to save money." d. "Be sure to take all antibiotic doses prescribed, even if you feel better." e. "Save any leftover antibiotics so you can take them anytime that you feel ill."

b, d

Which opportunistic infections would the nurse monitor for clinical manifestations in the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply. a. Legionnaires' disease b. Candidiasis of bronchi c. Ebola hemorrhagic fever d. Toxoplasmosis of the brain e. Mycobacterium avium (MAC) complex

b, d, e

Which purpose statements would the nurse use to fully explain antiretroviral therapy (ART) recently prescribed for a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? Select all that apply. a. ART is designed to cure the HIV disease. b. ART will decrease the viral load in the blood. c. The goal is to stop the HIV disease from progressing. d. The medications prevent transmission of the HIV disease. e. Prescribed medications maintain or increase the CD4 cell counts. f. Therapy includes prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections

b, d, e, f

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a five-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which assessment finding indicates an acute exacerbation of the disease? a. A new onset of polycythemia b. Presence of mononucleosis-like symptoms c. A sharp decrease in the patient's CD4 + count d. A sudden increase in the patient's white blood cell (WBC) count

c

The nurse provides discharge education for a patient who receives a new prescription for an antibiotic. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I will not skip doses of the antibiotic." b. "I will take the medicine until it is finished." c. "I will stop taking the antibiotic when my symptoms are better." d. "I will not share this antibiotic with other members of my family."

c

When interpreting laboratory diagnostics, which statement would the nurse identify as pathophysiology for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection? a. The HIV infection can replicate outside a living cell. b. The virus replicates going from DNA to RNA. c. The immune system is impaired from CD4 + T-cell destruction. d. Infection of monocytes occur, but antibodies quickly destroy these cells.

c

Which factor puts a light-skinned patient at a higher risk for skin cancer than a patient with darker skin? a. Less sun exposure b. More sun exposure c. Less melanin content in the skin d. Greater melanin content in the skin

c

Which type of carcinogen is associated with melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and basal cell carcinomas? a. Viral b. Chemical c. Ultraviolet radiation d. Inherited genetic mutation

c

The nurse discusses emerging infections with a group of community leaders and includes which examples? Select all that apply. a. Pertussis b. Tuberculosis c. West Nile fever d. H1N1 (swine) flu e. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

c, d, e

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays has which effects on the skin that increase the risk for skin cancer? Select all that apply. a. Increases blood flow to the skin b. Decreases the water content of the skin c. Causes an error in the skin's genetic code d. Causes degeneration of elastic fibers in skin tissue e. Decreases the skin's ability to repair cellular damage

c, e

Which assessment findings would the nurse recognize as diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) approximately 12 years ago? Select all that apply. a. Typhoid fever b. Hepatitis A infection c. Esophageal candidiasis d. Pulmonary cryptococcosis e. CD4 count less than 200 cells/µL

c, e

A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is hospitalized. The patient's assessment findings include a CD4 + T-cell count of 150 cells/μL and a 12% loss of ideal body mass. Which diagnosis does the nurse suspect? a. Kaposi sarcoma b. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) c. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) d. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

d

A patient, with a recent history of 10% body mass loss and herpes simplex with chronic ulcers, has a CD4 + cell count of <200 cells/µL and is diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma. Which infection would the nurse associate these clinical manifestations? a. Parvovirus b. Varicella-zoster c. Adenovirus d. Human immunodeficiency virus

d

For which type of infection would a postoperative patient who developed a fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea despite being on long-term antibiotics be evaluated? a. Wound infection b. Urinary infection c. Respiratory infection d. Clostridium difficile infection

d

The nurse is teaching a student nurse about treatment for sepsis. Which response by the student indicates a need for further teaching? a. "We should provide broad-spectrum antibiotics." b. "Antibiotics should be administered in one hour." c. "Blood cultures must be drawn before the administration of antibiotics." d. "Antibiotics should be delayed until the causative organism is known."

d