HLTH231 Chapter 4

REM sleep is named for which physiological activity that occurs while dreaming?

rapid eye movements

During a sleep study, a person spends the night in a sleep lab, and his or her body functions are monitored by

sensors and electrodes

The difference between hours of sleep needed and actual hours slept is

sleep debt

All of the following medications can cause drowsiness EXCEPT -stimulants -antidepressants -muscle relaxants -antihistamines

stimulants

Which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep-promoting environment?

Cleanliness: wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter

Students who begin to doze off during a lecture are usually in which stage of sleep?

Stage 1

What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sleep?

about 45 percent

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of

action

Obstructive sleep apnea increases a person's risk for all of the following EXCEPT - asthma -stroke -irregular heartbeats -high blood pressure

asthma

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as

chronic stress

The disruption of which factor results in jet lag?

circadian rhythm

André has a job in international affairs that requires him to travel frequently across multiple time zones. André is at increased risk for

circadian rhythm disorder

Sleep disorders can be diagnosed through a

clinical sleep study

The most commonly prescribed therapy for obstructive sleep apnea is

continuous positive airway pressure

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine identifies more than 80 distinct types of

dyssomnia

Which of the following is a major contributor to college students' lack of sleep? - having to get up early for morning classes -failing grades -eating spicy food -electronic devices

electronic devices

Intense feelings or patterns of feelings that people experience are

emotions

An awareness of what others might be going through is called

empathy

Carol believes that she sleeps reasonably well at night, yet she feels chronically sluggish and frequently nods off during classes. Carol is most likely experiencing

excessive daytime sleepiness

Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by -synthesizing learning -expending energy -consolidating memories -clearing the brain of daily minutia

expending energy

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly results in

frequent night waking

Which of the following factors influences a person's sleep needs? - caffeine intake -time zone -gender -alcohol intake

gender

One factor contributing to narcolepsy appears to be

genetic

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who

get more than 9 hours of sleep at night

Vijay often tosses and turns, unable to sleep for an hour or more after he goes to bed. Which of the following will help change this pattern and allow him to fall asleep faster?

getting up after 20 minutes and doing something relaxing until he feels sleepy

Exercise reduces stress primarily by

increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones

The hormone released by the pineal gland that causes drowsiness is

melatonin

The general term for a disorder that disrupts thoughts, feelings, moods, and behavior to the extent that it impairs functioning in daily life is

mental illness

An acute anxiety attack that brings on intense physical symptoms is a(n)

panic attack

Bedwetting, snoring, sleepwalking, and sleep-related eating disorder are all examples of

parasomnias

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of

positive reinforcement

According to a major U.S. consensus statement, most adults should get how many hours of sleep per night for optimal health?

7 or more

Of the following countries, in which do citizens, on average, get the most sleep? - Japan -USA -Mexico -UK

Mexico

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning emotional health? -Emotional health is the subjective side of psychological health. -An emotionally healthy person responds appropriately to upsetting events most of the time. - An emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others. -Emotional health interacts with other aspects of an individual's health.

an emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others

Using electronic devices before bed may disrupt sleep patterns for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

beeping sounds they sometimes produce

When Marlon gets adequate sleep the night before his intramural basketball games, he has more energy and can run faster and perform better. This can be attributed to

conservation of body energy during sleep

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who

get more than 9 hours of sleep a nigh

All of the following negatively affect the quality of sleep EXCEPT -getting lots of exercise during the day. -needing to get out of bed to go to the bathroom. -drinking caffeine at night. -drinking alcohol at night.

getting lots of exercise during the day

During stage 4, a sleeping person's pituitary gland releases which of the following hormones?

growth hormone

A collective term for several positive states in which individuals actively embrace the world around them is

happiness

Howard is 88 years old and in excellent health. All his life, he has thrived on just 5 hours of sleep a night. The most likely explanation for Howard's good health despite his lifelong short sleep habit is that he

has a genetic variant affecting his circadian rhythm

How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?

impairs motor skills

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?

modeling

The condition that causes people to fall asleep involuntarily during the day is

narcolepsy

the restful, restorative period of sleep is

non-REM sleep

The gland that secretes ACTH is the

pituitary

Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?

psychiatrist

Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as

shifting and persisting

The sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted many times during sleep is

sleep apnea

When you feel groggy and disoriented after a long nap, you are experiencing

sleep inertia

Students who begin to doze off during a lecture are usually in which stage of sleep?

stage 1

Non-REM sleep is called slow-wave sleep because

the brain generates theta and delta waves

Sean becomes very sleepy by late afternoon most days and thinks he should make time to fit in a nap. Before including a daily nap in his schedule, he should consider which of the following to ensure that he actually benefits from it?

the time of day and length of the nap