homework 3

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in fat digestion, fats form micelles. Which of the following must happen prior to micelle formation

bile salts must interact with fat, lipases must cleave triacylglycerols

in general, when energy is low _____ are activated

catabolic pathways

the Krebs cycle is used for cellular

catabolism and anabolism

the citric acid cycle is important for cellular

catabolism and anabolism

CoA is an acetyl carrier in

citric acid cycle, pyruvate oxidation

glycerol can enter glycolysis or gluconeogenesis by conversion to

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

which is a direct product of the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate in glycolysis

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

whenever ATP is used in a step of glycolysis, it is generated by the reverse reaction of gluconeogenesis. T/F

false

What treatment would rescue Leo being given too much fructose

glucose

which enzyme catalyzes the reaction by which glucose is trapped in the cell

hexokinase

which of the following best describes digestive enzymes

hydrolases

in liver cells the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose occurs

in the ER

which of the following is/are true of oxaloacetate

it is a metabolite in the CAC, it is not a metabolite of glycolysis, it is a metabolite of gluconeogenesis

A person with HFI who ingested fructose would have

low levels of blood glucose

Phase II of the CAC involves ______ of the organic metabolites moving through the pathway and the _____ of high energy electron carriers

oxidation, production

Phase I of the CAC involves the decarboxylation which is ______ and creation of NADH, which is _______

oxidation, reduction

in glycolysis, a kinase catalyzes the transfer a phosphoryl group from ______ to ADP to yield ATP

phosphenolpyruvate

regulation of glycolysis is achieved by MOST by regulation of _______

phosphofructokinase

the muscle biopsy showed an excess of glycogen in the muscle tissues. What is the most likely enzyme deficiency?

phosphofructokinase

which of the following catalyzes a reversible reaction

phosphoglucose isomerase

which of the following is used in BOTH glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

phosphoglycerate mutase

which of the following enzymes catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP during glycolysis?

pyruvate kinase

which of the following is/are DIRECTLY activated when energy levels are low

pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase

which of the following is/are DIRECTLY inhibited by high levels of ATP

pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase

the irreversible process that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle is

pyruvate oxidation

following glycolysis, NAD+ can be regenerated without oxygen by:

reduction of pyruvate

which reaction is catalyzed by aldolase

reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP into DHAP and GAP

which of the following catalyzes a reaction that generates FADH2

succinate dehydrogenase

in general, oxidation releases energy and is associated with catabolism. T/F

true

most digestive enzymes are released from cells in an inactive form. T/F

true

Following digestion in the stomach, polypeptides are digested in the intestinal lumen by ______ followed by digestion by intestinal bound _______

trypsin and chymotrypsin, peptidases

which of the following are products of converting pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

two of the given answers

the last carbons of glucose are broken off and released from the Citric Acid Cycle as

Co2

which of the following is/are true of bile salts 1. they are amphipathic 2. they help emulsify fat 3. they give enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of fats access to fats

1, 2, 3,

which is a molecule with high phosphoryl transfer potential?

1,3-biphosphoglycerate, ATP, Phosphoenolpyruvate

if 10 glucose molecules enter aerobic respiration, how many high energy electron carriers will be generated by the end of the Krebs cycle

120

which of the following is the LOW energy version of the carrier

CoA

in the first step of the TCA cycle, a 2-C chemical is added to oxaloacetate to form

Citrate

what are the fates of pyruvate?

Ethanol, Lactate, Acetyl-CoA

which of the following is involved in gluconeogenesis and not glycolysis

GTP

compare the number of net ATP generated by glycolysis of each of the following: Glucose, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate, Fructose 1,6-biphosphate and Glucose-6-Phosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glucose generate the same number of ATP

protein digestion in humans begins in the stomach where ____ denatures protein and _______ cleaves peptide bonds

HCl, pepsin

what was the effect of giving Leo intravenous fructose?

a decrease in blood glucose levels

pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by all of the following

acetyl-CoA, NADH, ATP

which of the following enzymes breaks one 6-carbon sugar into two 3-carbon sugars?

aldolase

which of the following catalyzes carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

alpha-amalase

if a person lacks all 3 forms of PFK, this person would

be dead


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