Honors Bio Chapter 6 Test
What are the products of cellular respiration?
energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide and water
Humans use the calories they obtain from ________ as their source of energy.
food
Pyruvate
forms at the end of glycolysis.
Each turn of the citric acid cycle processes one two-carbon acetyl molecule, which generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________.
four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2
Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?
glucose
After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,
pyruvate is oxidized.
The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of these compounds except
pyruvate.
NADH is also used by cells when making certain molecules. Based on your knowledge of the role of NADH in cellular respiration, what do you think NADH's role is in biosynthesis of molecules?
reducing molecules
As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).
2
How many molecules of NADH are produced during one round of glycolysis?
2
Which step of the citric acid cycle requires both NAD+ and ADP as reactants?
3
In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?
A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment derived from pyruvate.
During chemiosmosis,
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.
Imagine an organism with mutations in complexes I, III, and IV that prevent pumping of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space but still allow electrons to pass through the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of these mutations?
ATP synthase will not convert ADP to ATP.
The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.
loss of electrons; gain of electrons
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is
lost in the form of heat.
A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?
mitochondrial matrix
The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the
mitochondrial matrix.
A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which pathway would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?
oxidative phosphorylation
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
oxidative phosphorylation
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
oxygen
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.
10
Which statement about the energy yields from cellular respiration is true?
Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car engines are at harnessing energy from gasoline.Cellular respiration converts the kinetic energy of glucose into chemical energy.
Which statement regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?
Each pyruvate molecule has a CO2 added and then joins with an NADH.
What occurs as electrons pass through the multiple carrier molecules of the electron transport chain?
Energy is released in a stepwise fashion.
The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that
H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space.
Which H+ has just passed through the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion?
Hydrogen Ion D
We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________.
In the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate
At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in
NADH
What molecule releases the electrons used in the electron transport chain?
NADH
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.
NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space
Which statement regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true?
O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.
Which statement about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false?
Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields 12 ATP molecules.
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
Oxygen
Which statement regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
Which statement about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?
The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate.
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
They produce ATP.
NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Why might these pills benefit a CFS patient?
They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain.
The function of coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle is most like
a taxi driver dropping off a couple at a party.
In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons extracted from glucose by cellular respiration __________.
are used to reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain
By-products of cellular respiration include
carbon dioxide and water.
A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in
citrate.
In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is
dehydrogenase.
During cellular respiration, NADH
delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.
During redox reactions,
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
During which phase of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
What is being pumped through the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space, as indicated by the green arrows?
hydrogen ions
The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that
increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes.
During cellular respiration, energy in glucose
is carried by electrons.
Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________.
is gas exchange; produces ATP
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.
the citric acid cycle
