Honors Chemistry Chapter Nine

Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions? (I) ammonium (II) perchlorate (III) ferric

(I)

How do you name an acid when the anion ends in -ate?

(stem of anion)ic acid

How do you name an acid when the anion ends in -ite?

(stem of anion)ous acid

What are the two endings of the names of most polyatomic ions?

-ite -ate

What are the suffixes for polyatomic compounds? How do you know which one to use?

-ite and -ate -ate is used for compounds with more oxygen.

mono

1

What does monatomic ion mean?

1 atom ion.

What are the two types of ionic compounds?

1. Binary Ionic Compounds 2. Polyatomic Compounds

How do you name a polyatomic compound?

1. Cation Name 2. Anion Name

How do you name a binary ionic compound?

1. Cation Name 2. Anion Name Use the crisscross method. The anion ends in -ide.

How do you write formulas for a binary ionic compound?

1. Cation Symbol 2. Anion Symbol Add subscripts using the crisscross method.

In general, how do you write formulas for polyatomic compound?

1. Cation Symbol 2. Formula for the Polyatomic Ion Use the crisscross method. Put parentheses around the formula if there is an additional subscript.

How do you write the formula for a base?

1. Metal Cation Symbol 2. Hydroxide Ion Symbol Use the crisscross method for subscripts.

How do you name binary molecular compounds?

1. Name the elements in the order listed in the formula. 2. Use prefixes to indicate the number of each kind of atom. 3. Omit the prefix mono only when it is on the first element. 4. The suffix of the second element is -ide.

How do you name hydrates?

1. Name the molecule. 2. Then add the number of water molecules by using the prefixes.

What are the two methods used to name the ions of transition metals?

1. Stock System 2. Classical Method (IUPAC)

How do you write formulas for binary molecular compounds?

1. Use the prefixes in the name for the subscript. 2. Write the correct symbols with the subscripts.

deca

10

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

octa

8

nona

9

What is a polyatomic compound?

A compound composed of at least 1 polyatomic ion.

What is a binary ionic compound?

A compound composed of the ions of 2 elements, a metal and a non-metal.

What is a binary compound?

A compound composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular.

What is a binary molecular compound?

A compound made up of two elements. Both are non-metals and are NOT ions.

What is an acid?

A compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms (H) and produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

What information does a prefix in the name of a binary molecular compound give?

A prefix tells how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound.

What is a polyatomic ion?

A tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a positive or negative charge.

What is the only polyatomic cation?

Ammonium

What is the chemical name for NH₄OH?

Ammonium Hydroxide

What are four exceptions to the naming of polyatomic ions?

Ammonium: NH₄⁺ Cyanide: CN⁻ Hydroxide: OH⁻ Peroxide: O₂²⁻

What is a base?

An ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

How are cations named?

By taking the name of the metal and adding the word ion or cation. Ex. Na+ is either sodium ion or sodium cation.

What is the correct name for CrCl₃?

Chromium (III) Chloride

Which transition elements can form more than one ion?

Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Mercury.

The metals in which groups on the periodic table lose electrons and form cations?

Groups 1, 2, and 13

What does the formula HnX for naming acids mean?

H = Hydrogen n = a subscript indicating the number of hydrogen ions that are combining with the anion X = a monatomic or polyatomic anion

What are the three critical ions in your blood?

HCO₃⁻ (Hydrogen Carbonate) HPO₄²⁻ (Hydrogen Phosphate) H₂PO₄⁻ (Dihydrogen Phosphate)

What is the chemical formula for chlorous acid?

HClO₂

What two ions do fertilizers contain?

HPO₄²⁻ (Hydrogen Phosphate) H₂PO₄⁻ (Dihydrogen Phosphate)

How do you name an acid when the anion ends in -ide?

Hydro(stem of anion)ic acid

What is the name for H₂S(aq)?

Hydrosulfuric Acid

What are monatomic ions?

Ions that consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively.

What does polyatomic ion mean?

Many atom ions.

What are hydrates?

Molecules with excess water attached to them.

What are anions?

Negatively charged atoms that gain electrons.

Which elements form anions?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, and Iodine

What are cations?

Positively charged atoms that lose electrons.

What is the correct formula for tetraphosphorus trisulfide?

P₄S₃

What are the three exceptions to the naming systems for cations?

Silver (Ag⁺ = Silver Cation) Cadmium (Cd²⁺ = Cadmium Cation) Zinc (Zn²⁺ = Zinc Cation)

Which ion can relieve an upset stomach?

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains HCO₃⁻ (Hydrogen Carbonate).

What is the correct formula for strontium nitride?

Sr₃N₂

How is the charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal determined?

Subtracting 8 from the group number. Ex. Chlorine is in group 17, so 17-10-8 = -1

How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined?

The charges of the cations must be determined from the number of electrons lost.

What is the classical method (IUPAC)?

The classical name (Latin or English name) of the element is used to form the root name for the element. Ex. Ferrum is Latin for iron. Ferr is the root name for iron.

How do you name a base?

The same way as ionic compounds: the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion. They always end in hydroxide.

How do you name transition ions?

The suffix -ous is used to name the cation with the lower of the two ionic charges. Ex. Fe²⁺ = Ferrous The suffix -ic is used to name the cation with the higher of the two ionic charges. Ex. Fe³⁺ = Ferric

How are anions named?

They start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide. Ex. Cl- is chloride ion or chloride anion.

How do you write formulas for acids?

Use the rules for writing the names of acids in reverse.

What is the stock system?

When a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge. Ex. Fe²⁺ is called iron (II)

Which one of the following compounds is named correctly? a. sodium chlorite - NaClO b. potassium nitrate - KNO₂ c. sodium acetate - NaC₂H₃O₂ d. lithium sulfate - Li₂SO₃

c. sodium acetate - NaC₂H₃O₂

Which of the following molecular compounds is named incorrectly? a. SbCl₃ - antimony trichloride b. C₂O₅- dicarbon pentoxide c. CF₄ - carbon tetrafluoride d. H₃As - hydrogen arsenide

d. H₃As - hydrogen arsenide

Which of the following molecular compounds is named incorrectly? a. CS₂ - carbon disulfide b. BCl₃- boron trichloride c. IF₇ - iodine heptafluoride d. PCl₅ - phosphorus hexachloride

d. PCl₅ - phosphorus hexachloride

When metals from groups 1 and 2 form cations, the charge on the ion is equal to ____.

the group number