Honors Psych unit 1-4

To image electrical activity of neurons firing in the brain researchers use _________ which attaches electrodes to the outside of a person's head.

EEG

Somatosensory Cortex

-Body sensations / touch -Same layout as the primary motor cortex -Located next to the primary motor cortex

primary motor cortex

-Voluntary movements -Point-to-point mapping -Central sulcus -Adjust our body in space

The function of the myelin sheath is to:

speed up the transmission of action potentials along the axon

Dr.Reddy walks into her lab and, without looking directly at the person in the room, assumes, based on her past experience, that it must be her lab assistant. Her reliance on previous experience is the component of perception known as:

top-down processing

occipital lobe

vision

-Brainstem -Medulla- control breathing, regulate reflexes -Pons- sleep and weight gain cycles -Cerebellum -Motor coordination -Sensory processing

Hindbrain

Which of the following is BEST for generating a structural image of the brain?

MRI

An article headline claimed that "Drugs Cause Homelessness" due to a positive relationship found between homeless populations and drug use. Educated psychologists thought this might be flawed, because they thought unemployment was influencing both drug use and homelessness. The impact of unemployment on both is an example of: a.confounding variable b. an illusory correlation c.a negative correlation d.a reverse correlation

a.confounding variable

Which part of the peripheral nervous system is associated with the flight-or-flight response?

Sympathetic nervous system

Facts focus on _________. a. information about the world b. beliefs about the world c. proof d. hypotheses

a. Information about the world

What kind of research is traditionally considered to be the "gold standard" in psychology research? a.the laboratory experiment b.the correlational study c.the survey method d.the longitudinal design

a. the laboratory experiment

The primary function of an axon is: a.Correct to conduct electrical signals that help cells communicate b.to block pain by releasing dopamine c.to store memories d.to protect the brain from damage

a. to conduct electrical signals that help cells communicate

Why is it beneficial for scientists to use systematic observation in order to acquire knowledge? a.Observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the natural world. b.A systematic approach allows people to logically discuss philosophical questions in debate. c.Observations provide everyone the chance to engage in science and form impressions. d.A systematic approach allows theories to converge to produce singular, coherent hypotheses.

a.Observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the natural world

The tendency to seek out evidence that confirms what we already believe

confirmation bias

What is one reason why scientific psychologists follow a specific set of ethical guidelines to help them make decisions when doing research? a. To certify researcher's professional credentials as a researcher in the field of psychology. b. To ensure that the topics of study are objective and in no way relate to researcher's own values. c. To help researchers publish research findings that are of interest to the public. d. To ensure they protect research participants from potential harm.

d. To ensure they protect research participants from potential harm.

Allison once read a book called Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus. She figures that since the book was published and was a bestseller, that the information it includes is correct. Allison is using _____ to understand human behavior. a.Personal experience b.Science c.Logic d.Authority

d. authority

One of the ethical guidelines researchers abide by is ensuring __________, or agreeing that an individual's data should not be made public without consent from the individual. a. Informed consent b. Privacy c. Anonymity d. Confidentiality

d. confidentiality

According to Kuhn, there are several features of a good scientific theory. Which of the following is one of these features? a. Variability: good theories change on an on-going basis b. Non-controversial: good theories do not offend anyone c. Complexity: good theories are complicated because life is complicated d. Accuracy: good theories rely on actual data and make predictions that correspond to reality

d.Accuracy: good theories rely on actual data and make predictions that correspond to reality

A true experience has which of the following two characteristics? a.random assignment and a manipulated dependent variable. b.random selection and a manipulated dependent variable. c.random selection and a manipulated independent variable. d. random assignment and a manipulated independent variable.

d.random assignment and a manipulated independent variable.

parietal lobe

receives sensory input for touch and body position, attention

frontal lobe

intelligence, personality, voluntary muscles

The Broca's area, named after neuroscientist Pierre Paul Broca, is associated with:

language production

association cortex

Involved in putting the senses together to give you a single experience

glian cell

Provide support and nutrition for the neurons

parasympathetic nervous system

Resting heart rate, normal digestive functions, respiratory rate

Which of the following is an example of an empirical question that could be tested using systematic observation? a.Are humans inherently good or bad? b.Do native English-speaking Canadians take longer to learn Chinese or to learn Spanish? c.What is the meaning of life? d.Is Japanese a prettier language than German?

b.Do native English-speaking Canadians take longer to learn Chinese or to learn Spanish?

Children's behavior on a playground is observed and later parents complete a questionnaire regarding home behavior of these same children. The researcher is interested in the relationship between aggressive displays with peers and aggressive behavior at home. This method would best be described as a: Answers: a.descriptive design b.correlational design c.experimental design d.longitudinal design

b.correlational design

The degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied refers to: a.internal validity b.external validity c.ecological validity d.publishing potential

b.external validity

Researchers studied language development in the same group of children every year over a five year period. This research design is called: a.cross-sectional b.longitudinal c.placebo-controlled d.correlational

b.longitudinal

Jasmeet is interested in conducting an experiment in which she manipulates the amount of food she gives her Siamese fighting fish to see if it impacts their aggressiveness. She ensures that the size of the fish tank is identical for each fish, and that fish are assigned into groups randomly. She then measures the number of times the fish attack one another. In this scenario, why did she make sure that the tank sizes were identical? a.to manipulate the independent variables b.to control a possible confounding variable c.to minimize experimenter expectations d.to exclude sampling bias

b.to control a possible confounding variable

While a _______ is a group of closely related phenomena or observations, _______ is a logical idea that can be tested. a.hypothesis; theory b.method; belief c.theory; hypothesis d.belief; method

c. Theory; hypothesis

Alex tells his friends that he is sure that opposites attract because he only wants to date people that are very different from him. Alex is using _____ to make a judgment about human behavior. a.Authority b.Science c.Personal experience. d.Logic.

c. personal experience

Emotion and memory are associated with which subcortical area? a.spinal cord b.hypothalamus c.limbic system d.cerebellum

c.limbic system

-Limbic system -Memory and emotion -Basal Ganglia -Coordination of voluntary movements -Hypothalamus -Eating, drinking, sexual behaviors -Regulate body's internal state -Emotion, stress, reward

forebrain

Jared received a head injury at work and later had trouble speaking and planning ahead. Which are of his brain was most likely damage:

frontal lobe

The ________ of the brain houses the motor cortex and areas responsible for judgment, decisions and planning.

frontal lobe

temporal lobe

hearing, language processing, memory

-Sensory processing pathways -Pain regulation

midbrain

The peripheral nervous system affects __________ while the central nervous system is associated with _______________.

survival (such as breathing); information processing (such as seeing)

is a calculated form of observation used to either support or disprove a hypothesis

systematic observation

The back part of your frontal lobes that is associated with waving, throwing, grasping, and other voluntary movements is often called the:

the "motor strip"