HORT FINAL

Yams are native to...

Africa and Asia

Which Coffea type is considered the best quality?

Arabica

Which of the following are considered acceptable locations on a plant to make a pruning cut? (Select ALL that apply)

At point of branch attachment just above a node at the ground

Which ONE of the following grasses is the most drought tolerant?

Bermuda Grass

Which of the following beverage crops go through some form of fermentation part of processing for human consumption? (select ALL that apply)

Coffee Cacao Black Tea

Bananas are primarily propagated by

Dividing rhizomes

Fruits grown in Georgia do not have a vernalization requirement.

FALSE

In general, it's cheaper to plant an acre of fruit plants than an acre of vegetables.

FALSE

Needled evergreens will tolerate severe pruning (whacking) than a holly shrub.

FALSE

Plantains and bananas are the same species, the name difference refers to the stage at which they are eaten...plantains unripe...bananas ripe.

FALSE

Sweet potatoes and yams are basically the same thing, sweet potatoes are just a little sweeter than yams

FALSE

Topping is an acceptable tree pruning practice.

FALSE

Trees and shrubs can be pruned anytime of year so long as you make the proper cuts.

FALSE

Wound paint and sprays are an effective treatment for serious wounds and cuts.

FALSE

What does the the term pot-in-pot in the nursery world?

Growing trees in a container that is set into a slightly larger container that remains in the ground.

Which of the following are common reasons for grafting apples? (Check ALL that apply)

Height control...mostly apples. Plants that don't root well from cuttings. Soil diseases that affect roots.

Which of the following environmental conditions are best for the early stages of vegetative propagation? (Select all that apply)

High humidity Shade Warm temperature

In the US, we do not grow tea plants, however we do grow a plant that is a cousin to the plant from which we harvest black tea. The US cousin to tea is ....

Japanese Camellia

Which of the following plant parts can be use to vegetatively propagate plants? (Check ALL that apply)

Leaves or leaf parts. Plant cells. Stems Roots

Plant breeders make use of sexual propagation to...

Make intentional crosses of parents to produce likely different offspring.

(select ALL that apply) to practices recommended when pruning large trees.

Make the cut at the bark ridge and cut at an angle away from the tree to protect the collar.

Common names for cassava include (select ALL those that apply)

Manioc Yuca Tapioca

Select ALL the characteristics (there are more than one) that apply to Theobroma Cacao.

Originates in northern South America Ivory Coast and Ghana are two large global producers. Flowers form on stem and trunk, not tips of branches Seeds form in a pod

Most houseplants die from ____?

Overwatering

Which of the following is a native (to the US) nut crop?

Pecan

Which of the following nut crops are considered to be a drupe? (Select ALL that apply)

Pecan Hazelnut Almond Pistachio

Researchers and commercial growers who are actively breeding plants will use which of the following practices or production methods? (Check ALL that apply)

Plant two different cultivars next to each other to intentionally encourage cross pollination. Tissue culture to generate large numbers of clones. Isolate crops to control wind pollination. Manually transfer pollen from one plant to another.

Cassava originates from ...

South America

select ALL of the choices that reflect why California is such a major fruit and vegetable growing state

State sponsored water canal system Low humidity Wide range of climates and soils

California essentially produces all (90%+) of the US crop of both almonds and walnuts.

TRUE

Cassava contains a compound that is poisonous if eaten without proper preparation.

TRUE

Essentially all North American fruit trees are grafted.

TRUE

Ethylene can be both useful and harmful to harvested horticultural crops.

TRUE

It is best to firm up the seed bed, usually by rolling, and cover the seed with wheat, when sowing grass seed

TRUE

It is generally not recommended to put fertilizer in the planting hole when planting, other than adjusting the soil pH

TRUE

One of the biggest apple growing regions in the US is the Wenatchee Valley region of Washington.

TRUE

Rabbiteye blueberries are well-suited to most home landscapes because they relatively pest free, don't grow too large and are adapted to Georgia landscapes.

TRUE

Soft wood cuttings are taken during the early season of plant growth.

TRUE

Tea, coffee and cacao are all "shade-loving" crops.

TRUE

The green industry utilizes a plastic containers listed as either 1, 3, or 5 gallons in size for landscape shrubs, but there is no real uniformity in the exact size or shape, therefor its hard to compare plants grown in a 3-gallon container, for example.

TRUE

The part of the plant we eat of yams, sweet potatoes, and cassava is the root.

TRUE

The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) in greenhouses has been shown to increase the photosynthetic rate of plants.

TRUE

horizontal branches are structurally stronger than more upright branches.

TRUE

the more common houseplants we grow come from either arid regions (aloe) or tropical regions (palms)

TRUE

Peaches are known to be challenging for backyard growers for many reasons. What is ONE reason peaches could be considered good for backyards?

They're self-pollinating

Which of the following statements apply to tissue culture of pants? (Check ALL that apply)

Tissue culture must be conducted under very sanitary conditions. Tissue culture produces a clone of the parent. Tissue culture is a form of asexual propagation.

Yams are propagated by planting...

a piece of the root

When preparing a hole for planting shrubs, the current recommendation is to...

add no amendments to the backfill soil

assuming cold hardiness is a non-issue, the two most important site considerations in tree selection in urban areas are...

amount of sunlight and soil water drainage

The proper depth to dig a hole for planting a shrub or small tree is...

approximately the same depth as the depth of the container or ball.

How wide should the plant hole be dug for a shrub or tree?

at least twice the width of the container or ball

What type of fruit grows on a coffee plant?

drupe

Which of the following is the best fruit plant when you only have space for one plant?

fig

In terms of highest amount of light emission, what is the best material to use for covering greenhouses?

glass

Most commercial fruit growers purchase trees for planting their orchards that are... (select all that apply)

grafted bare root asexually propagated

A bunch of bananas is often called a ....

hand

Heading type pruning cuts are ... (select ALL that apply)

keep the height down and should should not be done regularly. used to reduce the height of a shrub that has gotten out of control.

The overall best time to prune a large tree is...

late winter, just before growth starts

Which of the following environmental characteristics distinguish tropical horticulture from Georgia horticulture, especially in areas cleared of forests for farming?

leached of nutrients high carbon loss humus washed away more readily shallow soils reduced quantity of water carried through the hydrologic cycle

What is the one basic difference in growth habit between most fruits and most vegetables grown in Georgia?

most fruits are perennials and most vegetables are annuals

The most common warm season turf grass in the southeast is...

non native from Africa

A banana is classified as a ...

perennial herb

What is the most commonly used material for covering greenhouses in the US?

polyethylene (plastic)

Select ALL (there is more than one) correct answers regarding coffee.

prefers shade Brazil is a major world grower

Thoroughly watering a newly planted shrub is don to...

remove air pockets around roots to ensure plant roots do not dry out.

The requirement for the physical breakdown of the seed coat prior to germination is called...

scarification

Grafting a Japanese maple requires a top and a bottom component, respectively called the...

scion:rootstock

best time to prune for floral display is...

soon after the plants have finished blooming

Which of the following fruits is typically treated as an annual in the US?

strawberry

The most important environmental condition to manage for extending the life of a harvested horticulture crop is...

temperature

Which of the following BEST describes the term "topping" when applied to trees?

tree topping encourages vigorous growth on decayed wood.

A liner is nursery jargon for ... (select the best answer)

... a small rooted cutting that is sold to another nursery to be grown out to a marketable size

Simply defined, a seed is ... (Check ALL that apply)

... an undeveloped plant. ... the best (natural) way to get variation in offspring ... the result of sexual propagation, either natural or assisted by humans.

A clone...

... is a genetic duplicate

When discussing seed, the term viability means ...

... the ability to germinate

Certain vegetables are hydrocooled in order to...

...take the field heat out the harvested crop.

One benefit of propagating plants from seed is...

...you can store a lot of very small plants in a small space.

In banana production, how many daughter (not including grand daughter) plants are typically left to grow to a full plant?

1

approximately how much produce is waster from time of harvest in the field to post consumption

50%

In general, in the southeast, the majority of tree roots of large trees grow...

8-12 inches deep