HP252 Review Questions

D

"the ability to engage in thoughtful reflectiveness seems to happen all of a sudden. But if one carefully examines it, this ability is actually based on an accumulation of experiences across many years." this theorist holds a predominantly _________ view of development. a. stage-based b. nature-based c. discontinuity-based d. continuity-based

B

children born low in birth weight, especially preterm babies, are more likely than their typical birth weight counterparts to develop which condition? a. microcephaly b. learning disabilities and asthma c. muscular dystrophy and deafness d. APGAR sscore in 5-6 range

A

data beginning in 2009 indicate that in the us for the first time in history? a. the proportion of individuals 25-34 years of age who have never been married exceded those who were married b. adults began to cohabit instead of entering marriage c. the % of cohabiting adults began to decline d. the proportion of individuals 25-34 who are or have been married exceeded those who have never been married

D

donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that: a. the prefrontal cortex- involved in reasoning and self-control- has developed fully by early adolescence b. the corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemisphere, thickens in adolescence c. by the end of adolescence, individuals have fewer, less selective, less effective neuronal connections than they did as children d. the amygdala- the seat of emotions such as anger- matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents

C

the APGAR scale is a method used to assess the health of newborns. a total score of 2 would: a. signal that there may be a few minor concerns b. indicate that the newborn's condition is good c. signal an emergency because the baby's survival may be in doubt d. indicate that the evaluator has not made a proper reading

C

which disability or syndrome in middle childhood is typically a direct consequence of the teratogenic effects of alcohol use during the embryonic period of prenatal development? a. down syndrome b. asperger's disease c. learning disability d. neural tube deficiency

C

which group is most likely to have the highest frequency of consistent binge-drinking? a. group of 24 year old male football fans tailgating at the Pats game on a sunday afternoon b. a clique of 17 year old adolescent females going to a high school dance c. a dorm floor of juniors and seniors in college who are celebrating 3 21st birthdays d. group of professors at a sargent holiday party

B

you are working as a therapist in a large metropolitan hospital that serves a large population of people who are AA in the middle and older adult stages of develop. Which of the following health condition/events are these particular patients at least risk of experiencing compared to those of the same age and gender who are caucasians? a. heart disease b. suicide c. diabetes d. obesiity

B

15 year old Anna wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing? a. personal fable b. imaginary audience c. terminally unique syndrome d. top-dog phenomenon

A

A sex-linked chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Females with this disorder are usually short in stature, have a webbed neck and are often infertile

B

Alysa is 23 weeks pregnant. her friend tells her, "you are almost to the end of your pregnancy. Your baby is moving around. He probably weighs about 3 lbs and if he was born now, he'd need an incubator but he'd be fine." Which part of Alyssa's friends's statement is true? a. Alyssa is about 80% done with her pregnancy gestational period b. Alyssa's baby is able to move c. Alyssa's baby weighs about 3 pounds d. Alyssa's baby could live outside of her body and have very few complications if he was born at 23 weeks

A

Ayda is in middle adulthood in her native culture, a non-industrialized country. According to what is known about midlife in different cultures, we can expect that Ayda will probably: a. not experience much of a midline crisis. She may even experience increased respect, b. experience a midlife crisis that results in some loss of status and respected by her culture c. experience a more severe and negative midlife crisis than she would if she lived in an industrialized country d. experience a midlife crisis in much the same way she would if she lived in an industrialized country, except without loss of status or respect

B

Baby Jane, 3 days old, is shown four drawings. one is a bright blue square, one is a white oval, one is a drawing of a face, and the last is a black and white bull's eye. In view of Fantz' work, which will she probably prefer to look at? a. the oval b. the face c. the square d. the bull's-eye

B

Benji starts calling her father "dad" but he also calls all men that he sees "dad." According to Piaget, this error is the result of which well-known key cognitive schema? a. accommodation b. assimilation c. imitation d. application

C

Billy Long brought his parents and brother Brian in to speak to our class. Which of the following is true about his relationship with his brother? a. growing up, the Nilly and Brian were so different that very little sibling rivalry existed growing up and little competitiveness exists between them today b. since both Billy and Brian were very much into athletes and neither were particularly interested in academic achievement, their sibling rivalry was more pronounced than usual c. Billy and Brian are close emotionally but still competitive when running races as adults d. Brian's, Billy's brother, broke Billy's arm while fighting because he was envious of all extra PT and other attention Billy was receiving to manage his cerebral palsy

A

Billy's story (CP), including the one about his second date with his wife, showed a common stereotype about people that have created palsy. He was wrongly believed to be: a. a person who was drunk b. a person with a psychiatric disability c. a person with a mild head injury d. a person with cognitive impairment

A

Brian Heffernan has spent much of his academic life in classrooms with those without Down Syndrome or other disabilities. Which of the following most accurately describes Brian's experience? a. Brian was able to enjoy inclusion, which meant he spent almost all of his time in a regular classroom. b. Brian did not need an Individual Education Plan because he really didn't have a functional disability according to his high school. c.Brian's father, a lawyer, advocated for him so Brian was able to attend public school. Otherwise he could not have attended. d. Brian got most of his assignments waived or reduced in requirements because he could not do the same work at his fellow students.

C

Darren is an active 12 year old boy. When his friend Simon cheats in a game, he tends to get irritated. HOwever, darren controls his anger and tries explaining to Simon why cheating is bad. Which developmental aspect is Darren displaying in his actions? a. low self-esteem b. self-efficacy c. self-regulation d. high self-esteem

D

Delilah and her brother Sysmonds are living in their middle age now. as young siblings, they were not so close and even had to undergo counseling to resolve their disputes. considering their life-stage, which of the following is true of their current relationship? a. like most not-so-close siblings, they are bound to rediscover their closeness b. Delilah might not experience the need to bond as much as Sysmonds might, as women are less likely to feel so c. Sysmonds might not want to become closer to his sister as males generally tend to favor independence during this period d. it is prob. unlikely they will experience closeness in this age because they were not close as children

C

Elias puts his infant daughter in her crib for a nap, and a few minutes later she begins to cry. He is not sure what to do so he goes to his Santrock text to find out what each theorist would do in this situation. Knowing what we know about each theorist, which statement is most accurate about what each would do in this situation? a. john watson, a behaviorist, would go immediately to his daughter if it is a pain or basic cry, but not if it is an anger cry b. John Bowlby, an ethologist, would wait 10 min, then go to his daughter to soothe her crying. c. Erikson, a psychoanalytic theorist, would pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops d. Erikson, a psychoanalytic theorist, would soothe the baby about every other time, so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters

B

Gary injured his spine while diving with friends after hours in the town pool. He is in an age group that is at the highest risk for spinal cord injury. Which of the following age ranges represents his age at the time of his accident? a. 10-15 years b. 16-24 years c. 25-30 years d. 30-45 years

C

Holly is in 3rd grade of elementary school and her parents told her she was free to choose whomever she wanted to come to her eighth birthday party. She invited the playmates she plays with during recess and for playdates. Who is she likely to invite, based on the most consistent research findings? a. either same sex or opposite sex playmates equally often. b. Whatever playmates she believes her teachers or parents wish for her to play with. c. same sex playmates d. opposite sex playmates

D

In newborns and during the 1st year, synaptic connections that are used become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones are replaced by other pathways or disappear. For example, the more babies use language, the more those pathways will be strengthened. Which of the following developmental concepts does this process illustrate? a. the brain development is a good example of stability, more than change. b. that brain development is a product of genes much more than environment. c. that brain development is discontinuous d. that while brain development is initially largely a product of genes, in time, the environment will also partly determine the course of brain development

C

In the assigned gerontology research article on Protective Factors in midlife, by Dainese, Alleman, Ribeiro, Bayram, Martin and Ehlert, which of the following is an accurate statement about the findings from the study? a. education level was not significantly related to either physical or mental health, which reflects other studies that show that education is not associated with higher levels of knowledge about health and health-related behaviors b. overall, this study shows a week correlation between protective factors, such as positive affect cannot be viewed as a predictor of subjective health in middle-aged adults aged 35-45 over time c. the study shows a positive association between protective factors, such a positive affect, social support, and optimism, and midlife health in general, and that positive affect can be seen not only as a protective factor, but also as a predictor of subjective health in middle aged adults aged 35-45 over time. d. the importance of studying protective and resilience factors in health and gerontology research in general is overrated; instead, risk factors impacting middle aged adults should be the primary focus

D

In the movie Up Syndrome, you saw Rene as a young child and watched him graduate from college. which of the following is most accurate about Rene's development? a. Rene liked to sing as a child and still likes to play the guitar. According to the developmental concept of continuity vs. discontinuity, this shows that his development is more stage based than not. b. Rene's chromosomal makeup ("nature") makes his environment ("nurture") pretty much irrelevant because the nature of Down's Syndrome is so severe. c. rene's love for playing at shooting guns and pretending he is a police officer shows that his personality development is definitely not affected by the fact that he grew up in Cali d. Rene liked to compete in the special olympics and still likes to exercise and do karate. In terms of stability vs. change, this shows that his activity development is more stable than it is changing

B

In view of what you have learned about adolescent social development, which of the following is a likely reason for the commonness of cliques during adolescence? a. cliques provide a place for adolescence to learn antisocial behaviors b. cliques provide a transition between close dependence on family and adult independence c. cliques provide an opportunity for social interaction among these who have few close friends d. cliques encourage adolescents to ignore peer pressure and to express their own individual and unique personal values and opinions

B

Jasmine sees a student in her class raise his hand to ask a question. The teacher sharply criticizes him for asking such a "ridiculous" question. According to B.F. Skinner or Albert Bandura, Jasmine will most likely respond to this event by: a. continuing to ask questions in class b. not asking questions even if she wants to c. ridiculing the teacher d. ignoring the criticized student

D

Jordan has a healthy BMI but us very afraid of gaining weight. Lately, she cannot control her eating habits and has been eating large amounts of high calorie food at one sitting. she has been making up for her binge eating by vomiting or using laxatives. which of the following is the most accurate guess about what Jordan is exeriencing? a. she has binge eating disorder, but because of her purging she is not overweight b. jordan has bulimi nervosa, so likely appears overweight c. she has anorexia nervosa, and her periods have likely stopped d. Jordan has bulimia nervosa, but her weight may well be at desirable level and friends may be commenting that she looks quite attractive a her current weight

B

Juan and his little sister, Anne, are each given a large cookie. Their mother breaks Anne's cookie into 4 pieces to enable her to eat it easily. Juan immediately begins to cry and says its not fair for his sister to get so many cookies when he only has one. Juan is showing a lack of? a. centration b. conservation c. theory of mind d. symbolic function

B

Julio, 12, cannot get his science project to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. According to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk for developing a sense of: a. stagnation b. inferiority c. shame and doubt d. identity diffusion

D

Maria is a social drinker. She wants to have a baby, however, and has vowed that as soon as she finds out she is pregnant she will stop drinking completely. Maria is forgetting that a. most developmental problems occur in the embryonic stage b. moderate drinking of alcohol during pregnancy does not affect the fetus c. the neural tube closes at 10 weeks d. many developmental problems can occur in the germinal stage when the pregnancy is not yet detected

A

Marty pulls himself up to a standing position and is trying to walk using furniture for support. what can we conclude about marty? a. he probably less than a year old b. he is about 2 years old c. he is demonstrating some good mastery of fine motor movements d. he has not yet learned the concept of object permanence

C

Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18 month old Bruce, consults a counselor because of her son's development. Mrs. Harmon is concerned that brucce has not learned to speak articulately and in full sentences all the time. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read several child development books and is afraid that Bruce should be advancing more quickly in the stages of language learning. Mrs. Harmon fears that Brucce is not keeping up developmentally. Out of the four choices, what would be your best advice to mrs. Harmon? a. developmental milestones are not valid or reliable markers for language; she should see her child as a unique individual and let him develop at his own pace b. since Bruce has not hit the expected developmental milestones in language, he appears seriously developmentally delayed and should be referred immediately for a speech and language evaluation c. consider stages as useful guidelines but explain that there is a range of normal development within stages. Bruce so far seems pretty typical but she should continue to track his progress d. give her some intensive language exercises to do with Bruce 3 x a day until he is speaking in full sentences

C

Neurons involved in brain development continue to change after baby is born. which of the following is true about the changes that occur during the first years of life? a. the process of mylenation stops after the 1st six weeks after birth b. connectivity in motor neurons decreases during the 1st year of life c. unused synaptic connections are pruned during the 1st year of life d. it is unclear if neuron development continues during the 1st year of life

A

Over the past week, Walter has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces, INnitially, his mother was holding his hands and working his fingers through the process, but now that Walter has gotten better at it, she only guides him verbally. Which of the following is this an example of? a. scaffolding b. conservation c. how heredity shapes cognitive development d. intuitive reasoning

C

Peter, who is an aggressive but intelligent 11-year-old, is referred to a counselor because of a recent episode of fighting on the bus. When asked to explain what happened, Peter said that he had to sit next to a girl, who was laughing with her friend across the aisle while telling a story about the "stupid kids in school." Peter said that the girl seated next to him looked at him "straight in the eye" at one point during the story. Enraged by this, he pushed her head into the window. Based on this information, and using Ken Dodge's social processing Model steps: Describe the first step of peter's social information processing sequence. a. Peter learned aggressive behavior at home. b. Peter carefully considered an optimal response. c. Peter takes note of the girl's eye contact with him. d. Peter acts first and thinks later

A

Peter, who is an aggressive but intelligent 11-year-old, is referred to a counselor because of a recent episode of fighting on the bus. When asked to explain what happened, Peter said that he had to sit next to a girl, who was laughing with her friend across the aisle while telling a story about the "stupid kids in school." Peter said that the girl seated next to him looked at him "straight in the eye" at one point during the story. Enraged by this, he pushed her head into the window. Based on this information, and using Ken Dodge's social processing Model steps: What answer describes the 2nd step in Peter's social information processing sequence? a. Peter interprets the girl's comments as referring to him. b. Peter clarifies exactly what he needs to do in the situation and thinks of an optimal response. c. Peter encodes the information into long-term memory d. Peter pushes the girl seated next to him

C

Peter, who is an aggressive but intelligent 11-year-old, is referred to a counselor because of a recent episode of fighting on the bus. When asked to explain what happened, Peter said that he had to sit next to a girl, who was laughing with her friend across the aisle while telling a story about the "stupid kids in school." Peter said that the girl seated next to him looked at him "straight in the eye" at one point during the story. Enraged by this, he pushed her head into the window. Based on this information, and using Ken Dodge's social processing Model steps: Why do you think Peter responded the way he did according to his social-information processing sequence? a. He did not have the intellectual ability to select an optimal response. b. He is likely unable to recognize most nonverbal cues. c. He jumped to the conclusion that the girls were making fun of him, and took offense. d. He likely has a learning disability

C

Rhett is age 34 and is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and to keep it off across the rest of his life and stay healthy. you would tell him that the most effective weight loss programs invariably include: a. a very low calorie diet b. daily weigh-ins c. exercise d. counseling

D

Sarah is a 20-year old college student who is paralyzed from her waist down. her mom had her at age 18, as a result of an unexpected preganancy. she has some sensation in her legs but uses a wheelchair for mobility. Sarah tell syou her condition is due to a birth defect. what does she have? a. anencephaly b. neuronal migration c. multiple scierosis d. spina bifida

A

Stanley is 7 years old. His parents are quite concerned about his school progress. Although he has begun to learn to read, and is doing quite well with his reading comprehension, he reverses some letters when he writes. Stanley's school counselor tells his parents that: a. Children are unique, and their brain development can be quite uneven in childhood and as a result, it is not unusual for children to show poor performance in isolated skills. They should watch his writing over the next year to see if it improves. b. Stanley almost certainly has a serious learning disorder that requires immediate intervention. c. if a child shows normal progress in other reading related skills, like stanley does, the child is probably faking the letter reversals as a bid for attention, which is characteristic of a child this age d. stanley needs glasses

C

The education for all handicapped children act, enacted in 1975, required that: a. all students with disabilities be brought into mainstreamed schools. b. parents of children with disabilities provide home-schooling for their children. c. all students with disabilities be given a free, appropriate public education. d. a standard curriculum be provided for students with and without disabilities.

b

Toby is 3 years old. His parents are concerned because he is always running and jumping around. He cannot seem to sit still. Even when watching his favorite movie on TV, he fidgets and wiggles. It is especially frustrating for his parents when Toby does not sit still through dinner. Which of the following should Toby's parents do? a. they should provide structured, cognitively challenging activities for Toby to develop his attention span. b. they should treat this behavior as normal and avoid being panicked, as Toby's behavior is normal for kid in his age group c. they should have him tested for attention deficit disorder d. they should start him on behavior modification program

b

Tyler, 12, has ADHD. He approaches a younger boy, Nicholas, 11, who is talking with some of his friends on the playground about the recent Bruins game. Tyler joins the conversation without introducing himself, and listens for a few seconds and then interrupts and starts talking about watching the Celtics latest basketball game. Which one of Kenneth Dodge's social processing model accurately identifies both the step and the accompanying reason to explain Tyler's social difficulties? a. he has a problem selecting an optimal response because his ADHD means he likely has below average intelligence. b. he has trouble reflecting on social response choices because his ADHD means he is probably not listening closely enough to the details of the convo. c. he has problems decoding and interpreting social cues because his ADHD means he is likely unable to read facial expressions accurately and detect feelings d. he has trouble with selecting an optimal response because his ADHD means he is socially withdrawn and reluctant to talk

B

What is the best description of our current understanding of what "causes" the autism spectrum disorders? a. improper family socialization b. a brain dysfunction with abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitters c. damage to the prefrontal cortex of the brain d. childhood immunizations

B

What is the cause of fetal alcohol syndrome? a. alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream contracts her blood vessels and prevents her from providing the fetus with adequate nutrition b. alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream crosses the placenta into the unborn fetus's system and disrupts its ability to get enough oxygen for normal growth and development c. alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream makes her reckless and more likely to fall or otherwise cause injury to the fetus d. alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream upsets her hormonal balances and prevents her from delivering the right amounts of testosterone to a male fetus or estrogen to a female fetus

B

Which of the following are the problems reported by over half of those college students who engage regularly in binge-drinking? a. missing classes, troubles with police, increased rate of STD, poor grades, problems with relationships b. missing classes, troubles with police, physical injuries, having unprotected sex c. physical injuries, emotional disorders, increased rate of STD, trouble with police d. having unprotected sex, trouble with family, poor grades, liver problems

B

Which of the following describes what Lev Vygotsky believed about the development of thought and language? a. thought and language are merged early in development and later separate b. thought depends on language, so they are merged throughout development c. thought and language develop independently at 1st and merge later in development d. thought and language are 2 separate functions that remain independent throughout development

C

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion about cognitive ability in middle adulthood, as demonstrated by the seattle longitudinal study? we looked at the chart in lecture. a. there is a peak performance for verbal ability, an increase in mathematical and numerical abilities and perceptual speed b. there is a mooderate decline for spatial abilities, perceptual speed, and inductive reasoning c. there is a moderate decline in perceptual speed and numerical abilities but the least decline in verbal comprehension d. there is a modest decline in most areas, but most notably in inductive reasoning

B

Which of the following is an accurate statement about a learning disability? a. More girls than boys are diagnosed with a learning disability during middle childhod b. a learning disability can be due to low birth weight/preterm birth or fetal alc syndrome c. a learning disability is almost always primarily the result of environmental disadvantage d. a learning disability is primarily the result of intellectual disability (low IQ)

C

Which of the following is the most accurate description of Cerebral Palsy? a. A hereditary muscle tightening or spasticity that creates difficulty in swallowing and problems with speech. b. A mobility disorder caused by an ongoing degenerative process in the muscles or nerves that worsens over time. c. Damage to motor areas in the brain at birth which disrupt the brain's ability to adequately control movement and posture, which can create involuntary movement and disturbance in gait or mobility. d. a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movement and muscle coordination created by abnormalities on the 14th chromosome.

A

Which of the following is true about cancer in middle childhood? a. Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer in children. b. Children with cancer are dying earlier today than in the 1970s c. the incidence of cancer in children has decreased dramatically in recent years d. one in every 230 children in the US develops cancer before the age of 17

C

Which of the following is true about pre-term infants and the impact of their care on development? a. proper positioning can help make a baby more comfortable but has little impact on long term muscel tone and joint develop. b. patent ductus arteriosis is the most common reason why preterm babies need to be in NICU when they are born c. about 50% typically will need some type of special education once they are school age d. kangaroo care was developed primarily as a way to bond with preterm babies; to date there are no other documented development benefits beyond improved attachment

C

Which of the following is true? a. infants don't begin to communicate until about 1 to 2 months after birth b. brain development is near complete at birth, and neurons stop growth and connectivity at about 6 months c. vision in infants improves to near adult levels by about age 1 d. most infants talk in 2 or 3 word sentences before beginning to walk

B

Which of the following organs or systems develop first in prenatal development? a. visual system b. spinal cord c. urogenital system d. hands and feet

B

Which of the following scenarios best represent Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development? a. a teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete their own b. an instructor helps students with laboratory work showing them how to do things the students cannot yet do c. a teacher waits patiently for students to come up with the good answers and assesses their learning capabilities d. an instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to evaluate their mental abilities on varying subjects

D

Which of the following statements about peer groups/interactions in middle/late childhood is true? a. children in middle and late childhood spend almost 90% percent of their free and school time with peers b. children under 12 of age prefer mixed-sex peer groups c. as children move through late childhood, peer interactions is much more closely supervised by adults d. peers help children assess themselves more accurately by providing social comparison

B

Which of the following statements regarding autism spectrum disorder in children is true? a. rate of ASD is higher among younger sisters of child with autism (1 in 4) than among younger brothers (1 in 9) b. In families with more than one older child on with ASD, there is 19-35% chance of recurrence of ASD in siblings. c. Age of parents at time of conception of children with ASD does not appear to be sig. actor in the development of ASD. d. by 24 months of age, most children with severe ASD have two word phrases.

C

Which scenario best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development? a. A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and then reinforce them with praise and reward. b. an instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to find out which mental abilities they do have and which they do not have. c. A teacher assigns challenging tasks to students but then helps them by showing them how to do things the students cannot yet do. d. An instructor assigns students in pairs to do laboratory work and then has them complete it on their own.

A

__________ was the main cause of death in the US until the middle of the 20th century, while now at turn of the 201st century, the main cause of death in middle adulthood in the US are: a. infectious disease, chronic disease b. chronic disease, infectious disease c. homicide, chronic disease d. accidents, infectious disease

A

a genetic disorder caused by a genetic defect in a single gene with one defective copy of that gene inherited from each parent. CHaracterized by a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities that commences around six months of age and usually results in death by two to four years of age a. tay sachs disease b. Klinefelter syndrome c. Huntington's chorea d. Myasthenia Gravis disease

D

a genetic disorder, occurring primarily in African Americans, that compromises the cell's ability to carry oxygen properly a. huntington's disease b. pernicious anemia c. tay sach's disease d. sickle cell anemia

C

a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality that is characterized by a male having an extra X chromosome. A man with this disorder typically has underdeveloped testes, a high risk of sterility, and frequently develop small breats a. turner syndrome b. fragile X syndrome c. Klinefelter's syndrome d. XYY syndrome

B

a sex-linked chromosomal disorder resulting from an abnormality in the X chromosome which often becomes constricted. This disorder occurs more frequently in males than in females. A person with this disorder typically has some sort of mental deficiency such as mental retardation, a short attention span, or a learning disability a. turner syndrome b. fragile X syndrome c. Klinefelter's syndrome d. XXY syndrome

B

a young adult most likely to die from _________ while someone in middle adulthood is most likely to die from ______ a. aids/car accidrnt b. unintentional accidnrt/ heart disease c. suicide/heart disease d. homicide /suicide

D

a young mother is exposed to lawn pesticides in the spring when she was 6 weeks pregnant. Which of the following is true? a. since the exposure occurred during the germinal period, the risk is somewhat reduced b. since the exposure occurred during the fetal period, she must be primarily concerned about the effects of her fetus' physiological systems development c. since the exposure occurred during the embryonic period, in addition to neurological development, she should be most concerned about the effects on the fetus' more sophisticated physiological systems development d. since the exposure occurred during the embryonic period, in addition to neurological development, she should be most concerned about the effects on the embryo's structural and organ development

A

according to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to establishing intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood? a. identity development in adolescence b. insecure attachment in childhood c. post conventional reasoning in childhood d. post formal thought in adulthood

A

according to Piaget, during the beginning of the _________ stage, assimilation dominates, and an adolescent's thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities a. formal operational b. preconventional reasoning c. concrete operational d. conventional reasoning

D

according to the cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger and summarized in an integrate chart shown in lecture showing the adult lifespan in several stages. which of the following is the most important investment for the oldest years of life? a. family b. work c. friends d. health

c

an adult in middle age will do most poorly on which of the following tasks? a. understanding verbal direction b. completing a crossword puzzle c. adding a long string of numbers accurately d. lifting a baby that weighs 10 lbs

A

edwin was a neglected child in his infancy. Now, at 31 years of age, he is highly cynical about the world and feels that no one can be relied upon. whenever, he is in a relationship with a woman, he has tremendous feelings of suspicion toward his partner, and these feelings eventually lead to the breakup of the relationship. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, this is a good indication that Edwin did not successfully resolve the _______ stage of development, which in turn is causing him to experience ________ in his current developmental stage. a. trust versus mistrust; isolation b. autonomy versus shame and doubt; isolation c. trust versus mistrust; despair d. autonomy versus shame and doubt; intimacy

C

felicia is an American between 65-74 years of age. her doctor should be most concerned about her developing__________, the leading cause of death for her age group a. cancer b. influenza c. cardiovascular disease d. lung disease

C

given that upwards of 90% of college students engage in some form of social media, accounting for digital space in our understanding of identity issues is important and necessary. They fundamentally alter the ways human beings connect, communicate, interact and explore self and so therefore, social media has the potential of changing how we develop of changing how we develop our individual identities. using Bronfenbrenner's ecological development model to frame and include digital spaces, facebook, linkedin, twitter, youtube, google, insta, snapchat, and many other platforms could each be considered a seperate microsystem. which is a true statement? a. the exosystem could be constructed as the interaction between the individual and his or her different social media identities b. the mesosystem would be the locations where the programming and structural decisions are made concerning each social media identities. c. the macrosystem would have to include societies attitude toward technology and its possibilities and limitations d. social media has no seriously relevant role in the college student's microsystem or exosystem

A

good nutrition and regular exercise can improve _________ for old people just as it can in those of younger ages a. immune system function b. vision c. hearing d. fertility

A

in the Laura Carstensen TED talk on old age and happiness, what does Dr. Cartensen report from her research? a. older people direct their cognitive resources, like attention and memory, to positive info. more than negative b. when show a series of pics, younger people are more likely than older, middle-aged adults to remember the positive images c. younger people are more likely to notice and focus on the smiling faces and away from the frowning, angry faces, which mean that in general, younger people have greater enjoyment and satisfaction from life than older adults d. none of the above

A

in the video we saw Joseph at age 5 1/2 years of age, he responded to several questions. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about Joseph's responses? a. he had not yet achieved conservation of mass, as evidenced by the clay experiment b. his drawing skills were exceptional for someone his age c. he clearly is a genius because he knew that clouds are blue because "the light bends" d. he demonstrated very little concern or anxiety about answering the questions correctly

D

middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because: a. life is very hectic and families rarely have a full meal together b. people expect middle-aged adults to be both wise and mature as well as young and energetic c. middle-aged adults are caught in a conflict between caring more for their spouse's parents than their own d. middle-aged adults may have to care for their own children as well as their elderly parents

A

nicholas has agreed to cut the grass this summer at the place where his 65 years old grandpa Charlie and his wife live. If his grandpa lives in the kind of setting that is characteristic of the majority of elderly male adults his age in the US, Nicholas will be cutting the grass where? a. in a neighborhood community where he lives with his wife in their own house or apartment b. at a nursing home where he receives nursing care c. at Nicholas' own house, where his grandpa Charlie and his wife now lives with Nicholas and his family d. at a retirement home where he lives in a group setting of older adults

B

one implication of Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is that to understand development, one must: a. focus on the biological and environmental factors involved b. consider the individual and all the different levels of sociocultural contexts with which he or she interacts c. focus on the cultural settings in which the individual actively participates d. consider the individual and the micro and exosystems that are most relevant to the person

C

providing early interventions to a 6 month old baby born with Down Syndrome illustrates something that most lifespan developmental experts believe to be true. This is the belief that: a. nature is more important than nurture in influencing development b. nurture is more important than nature in influencing development c. nature and nurture both interact to influence development d. nurturing has little impact on such serious genetic conditions

A

the human genome has not changed markedly in the last century, yet obesity has noticeably increased. This indicates that: a. environmental factors play an important role in obesity b. obesity is primarily a product of a person's genes c. environmental factors have little impact on obesity d. there is reduced reliance on energy-saving devices

C

the main reason that some children delay leaving home until early adulthood is that: a. their parents encourage them to stay home to "keep the nest full" b. they need their parents' emotional support c. they do not have enough money to live on their own d. they need to stay in school longer to acquire career skills

A

the rate of overweight and obesity has tripled for children in the last 20 years. Which of the following is true about for children who are overweight in middle to late childhood? a. they have an increased risk of some form of heart disease and high blood pressure b. the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in very slight c. almost 60% of children aged 6-19 are overweight or obese d. there is still relatively little risk that they will be overweight as adults

B

the rooting reflex is to ____________ as the Moro reflex is to __________ a. grasping, turning b. turning, startle c. curling of foot, startle d. startle, grasping

C

there are several well established predictors of reaching age 100 and becoming a centenarian. WHich of the following accurately states some of characteristics the centenarians studied at BU medical center have in common? a. the centenarians had higher levels of education and average to high levels of socioeconomic status overall b. the centenarians mostly followed a low fat, vegetable based diet for a large part of their lives c. male centenarians are usually lean and substantial smoking history is rare d. many centenarian women have a history of bearing children early, before the age of 35 years

B

there is an increasing awareness that the prevalence of ASD is increasing. Dr. Orsmond, our guest lecturer, posed the question of whether there is an ASD epidemic and showed some prevalence figures to illustrate her point. Which of the following is accurate about the prevalence of ASD is true, based on the ADDM network data from 2000-2012 a. in 2000, the prevalence was about 1 case of ASD per 1000 children b. since 2010, the prevalence of ASD has been about 1 in 68 children c. in 2012, the prevalence of ASD was about 1 in 52 d. the prevalence of ASD has actually begun to decrease since 2016, and is now about 1 in 76 children

A

tony is a 50 years old. Which of the following list of chronic disorders is he more likely to experience than a woman of the same age? a. cancer, heart disease, stroke b. arthritis, bursitis, varicose veins c. sinus problems, respiratory problems d. cirrhosis, dementia, hypertension

D

what is the most common change in sleep patterns of adults during middle age? a. sleep-disordered breathing becomes less prevalent b. wakeful periods become less frequent during the night c. the total number of hours slept dramatically increases d. there is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep

A

whereas Jean Piaget emphasized the biological processes of cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky emphasized the effects of __________ on developement. a. social interaction and culture b. critical periods fro behaviors c. the unconscious d. operations (internalized mental actions)

B

which baby is at the lowest risk for SIDS? a. a 1 month old eskimo female whose parents make sure she sleeps on her back b. a caucasian 3 month old male who was born full term at 8 lbs, 2 oz c. an AA 1 month old female whose sister died of SIDS d. a preterm 9 week old asian male whose father smokes

D

which is true about the difference between men and women in relation to suicide? a. women attempt suicide 3x as freq., but use less violent methods, so overall their completed suicides rates are about the same b. men and women attempt suicide at the same rate but men are more likely to die c. young adult women attempt suicide more often than women in middle adulthood d. men attempts suicide much less often than women, but they use more violent methods, they have more completed suicide

D

which of the following affects girls and boys equally in early to middle childhood? a. learning disability b. ADHD c. autism spectrum disorder d. overweight/obesity

C

which of the following best accounts for gender differences in longevity? a. socioeconomic status b. biological factors c. both biological and lifestyle factors d. both marital and social factors

B

which of the following health conditions or disabilities does not differ in frequency or severity by racial or ethnic background? a. obesity b. cerebral palsy c. diabetes d. sickle cell anemia

A

which of the following is a important factor in increasing the physical activity of preschool children? a. parents' perception that the neighborhood and environment is safe for their children to play outside b. family members watching sports on tv together c. participating in sedentary outdoor play d. incorporation of an "observe and learn" activity curriculum

A

which of the following is one of the best predictors of job performance in older adults? a. cognitive ability b. educational attainment c. distaste for retirement/complexity of work d. being married to a working spouse

A

which of the following is the most accurate list of autism spectrum disorder "red flags?" a. has poor eye contact, no babbling or use of gestures by 12 months of age, seems to be in his/her own world, not interested in other children, and no single words by 16 months b. some babbling and pointing and other gestures by 12 months but no single words by 16 months c. no babbling or use of gestures by 12 months of age, and only a few words by 16 months d. doesn't respond to name when called and has poor eye contact, doesn't play with toys, reciprocates a smile by 24 months and can point to a few things she/he wants

B

which of the following is true about people with Down Syndrome as they age? a. most people with DS show an age-related decline 2-4 years earlier than those without DS b. most people with DS over age 40 show some neuropathological changes characteristic of alzheimer's disease c. all people with DS will develop dementia because the gene which produces APP and is asscociated with the disease is on the extra chromosome of DS d. the average lifespan of someone with DS is 65 years

B

which of the following is true about preterm babies born between 29-33 weeks? a. because they spend a majority of their time awake, it is very important to keep the NICU environment as quiet and calm as possible b. they almost always experience apnea and bradychardia of prematurity, which means their heart rate and breathing must be monitored by machine in a NICU or similar setting until they can sustain respiration without these occurences c. positioning them with arms tucked and with legs extended in a frog leg position helps with flexion and strengthening their limbs d. fortunately most preterm babies can breastfeed almost right away, thus giving them the health benefit of breast milk.

D

which of the following is true about the progression of Alzheimer's Disease? a. there is a predictable, progressive decline in physical, cognitive, and social functioning which does not vary from person to person b. the time from the onset of symptoms until death ranges from 14-16 years c. memory and cognition are impaired but there is little to no loss of language d. loss of brain cells eventually leads to the failure of other systems in the body

D

which of the following is true abut the cell bio characteristic of Alzheimer's disease? a. neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of AD, are chemically "sticky" proteins called beta-amyloid that build up outside and between the nerve cells of the brain b. adults who are aging typically and who do not develop AD have no beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle c. brain tissue biopsies while the person is still in the early stages of AD are useful in clearly identifying the location of the plaques and tangles in brain cells to confirm the diagnosis of the disorder d. there is an increasing amount of perfusion(holes) in brain tissue due to cell death as the disease process of AD progress

D

which of the following statements about identity developmental in adolescence is true? a. synthesizing the identity components is a single, neat process in normal individuals b. decisions about identity may take time, but once they are made, they are set for life c. identity development occurs in a single, one-step process d. identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics

C

which of the following statements best summarizes physical changes during early adulthood? a. young adults have more sports injuries than children because of repetitive stress conditions b. young adults are less healthy than they will be during middle adulthood c. young adults are at their highest potential peak physical level but are beginning to decline in some areas as they hit their thirties d. young adults show peak performances in most sports but show significant declines in sensory systems

D

which of the following statements is true regarding the impact of teratogens? a. very few fetuses are exposed to teratogens, so it is easy to determine which teratogen causes which defect. b. fetuses are safe from the effects of teratogens during the first trimester c. teratogens cause anatomical defects only after organogenesis is complete d. exposure to teratogens does more damage when it occurs at some points in development than at others

C

which of the following tasks would a typical 88 year old have the most difficulty in completing successfully? a. recollecting stories about their childhood b. matching words with definitions c. completing a set number of tasks in a specific time d. identifying various colors