HS 370 Exam 2

As you monitor reports from neurologists for 4 months in your own community, you find the following number of newly diagnosed Tourette Syndrome cases by month, in a population of 36,120 people. Month of Diagnosis Number Diagnosed March 6 April 14 May 2 June 9 What is the incidence rate of Tourette Syndrome for June?

2.49/10,000

You are analyzing state-wide influenza data for this past season, to compare influenza illnesses from this year to past years. You gather the following number of laboratory confirmed influenza cases by week, for the month of February, in a population of 2,750,000. Week of laboratory confirmation Number of confirmed cases Week 1 257 Week 2 319 Week 3 372 Week 4 276 What is the incidence rate of influenza for the second week of February? Question options: A) 1.16/10,000 B) 1.16/1,000 C) 4.45/10,000 D) 2.36/10,000

A) 1.16/10,000

Diabetes is a growing problem, in part due to the rising rates of obesity, which contribute to the development of type II diabetes. You are putting together a report to present to your state legislature, to make them aware of the scope of the problem within your state. You gather the following information. Your state population is 3,051,000. A breakdown of the population, with the number of people diagnosed with diabetes within each age group, is as follows: Number of People in Population Number of People Diagnosed Age 0-17 671,220 1409 Age 18-34 518,670 5705 Age 35-49 776,100 34,925 Age 50-64 654,890 76,622 Age 65+ 430,120 91,616 What is the prevalence of diabetes among adults ages 50 and older within your state? Question options: A) 15.51% B) 5.51% C) 11.70% D) 21.3%

A) 15.51%

You study a deadly disease in your community; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is usually contracted in in-patient facilities. The following information will help you calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 97,432. Total deaths this year in the community = 515. Total deaths from MRSA = 21. Total people diagnosed with MRSA = 107. What is the Cause Specific Mortality Rate? Question options: A) 2.16/10,000 B) 1.10/1000 C) 19.63% D) 4.08% E) 5.29/1000

A) 2.16/10,000

Tourette Syndrome is the involuntary twitching of motor or vocal muscles. It usually presents symptoms in adolescence and is much more common among boys than girls. You are researching Tourette syndrome for the CDC and find the following information. Your study population is 87,026 Number of People in Study Number of People Diagnosed Boys 46,410 191 Girls 40,616 154 Age 6-11 37,775 169 Age 12-17 49,251 176 What is the prevalence of Tourette syndrome among girls (in your study)? Question options: A) 3.79/1000 B) 7.93/1000 C) 1.77/1000 D) 3.96/1000

A) 3.79/1000

You are studying breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in your state. It is often highly treatable, but can also lead to mortality. The following information will help you to calculate your death statistics. Total state population = 2,472,000. Total deaths this year in your state = 16,512. Total deaths from breast cancer = 263. Total people diagnosed with breast cancer = 1,691. What is the crude death rate? Question options: A) 6.68/1,000 B) 66.80/1,000 C) 1.06/10,000 D) 15.55% E) 1.59%

A) 6.68/1,000

Which diagram or chart type best displays the differences between multiple groups in a single variable (eg. Education level, exposure, or strongly agree to strongly disagree scale) Question options: A) Bar chart B) Grouped bar chart C) Stacked bar chart D) Pie chart E) 100% component bar chart F) Scatter diagram

A) Bar chart

Which of the following statements accurately describes incidence as a measure of disease? Question options: A) It includes only new cases of disease over a period of time. B) It is useful only for describing disease frequency among the population of interest, and is not an appropriate measure for comparing disease frequency in different locations. C) It includes all known cases of disease at a point in time, regardless of when the disease was diagnosed. D) This measure can be expressed as a fraction, a decimal, or a percentage.

A) It includes only new cases of disease over a period of time.

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to relative risk? Question options: A) It is the most appropriate measure of risk to use with a case-control study. B) It is the most appropriate measure to use with a cohort study. C) It is based on prevalence of disease in two separate groups. D) A relative risk greater than one indicates an association between exposure and disease.

A) It is the most appropriate measure of risk to use with a case-control study.

Which of the following statements is true when describing an odds ratio? Question options: A) When calculating this measure, you choose groups with and without disease, and compare their exposure. B) It measures the difference in disease risk between exposed and unexposed groups in a cohort study. C) It measures the amount of disease directly attributable to a particular exposure. D) An odds ratio less than one indicates no association between disease and exposure.

A) When calculating this measure, you choose groups with and without disease, and compare their exposure.

A box plot with whiskers displays median and range data. The box displays Question options: A) the interquartile range B) the minimum and maximum of the range C) the mean variation from the median D) the standard deviation

A) the interquartile range

You are working with your local hospital to measure emergency department visits due to head injuries during the first half of the year. The population in your community is 116,432. Use the following information, which shows the number of emergency department visits for head injuries each month, to calculate your statistics. Month Number of confirmed cases January 38 February 27 March 41 April 76 May 119 June 94 What is the incidence rate of ED visits due to head injuries for the second quarter of the year? Question options: A) 9.10/10,000 B) 2.48/1,000 C) 3.39/1,0001.16/10,000 D) 2.32/10,000

B) 2.48/1,000

Your are studying mortality rates due to malaria in a community where spread of the infection by mosquitoes is high. You use the following information to calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 590,118. Total deaths this year in the community = 3,895. Total deaths from malaria = 137. Total people diagnosed with malaria = 4,426. What is the case fatality rate? Question options: A) 2.32/10,000 B) 3.10% C) 3.52% D) 7.50/1000 E) 6.60/1000

B) 3.10%

You are working with your local hospital to measure emergency department visits due to head injuries during the first half of the year. The population in your community is 116,432. Use the following information, which shows the number of emergency department visits for head injuries each month, to calculate your statistics. Month Number of head injury ED visits January 38 February 27 March 41 April 76 May 119 June 94 What is the incidence rate of ED visits due to head injuries for April? Question options: A) 1.6/1,000 B) 6.53/10,000 C) 6.53/1,000 D) 3.39/1,000

B) 6.53/10,000

You are studying mortality rates due to malaria in a community where spread of the infection by mosquitoes is high. You use the following information to calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 590,118. Total deaths this year in the community = 3,895. Total deaths from malaria = 137. Total people diagnosed with malaria = 4,426. What is the crude death rate? Question options: A) 3.52% B) 6.60/1000 C) 2.32/10,000 D) 2.32/1000 E) 3.10%

B) 6.60/1000

Diabetes is a growing problem, in part due to the rising rates of obesity, which contribute to the development of type II diabetes. You are putting together a report to present to your state legislature, to make them aware of the scope of the problem within your state. You gather the following information. Your state population is 3,051,000. A breakdown of the population, with the number of people diagnosed with diabetes within each age group, is as follows: Number of People in Population Number of People Diagnosed Age 0-17 671,220 1,409 Age 18-34 518,670 5,705 Age 35-49 776,100 34,925 Age 50-64 654,890 76,622 Age 65+ 430,120 91,616 What is the prevalence of diabetes within your state? Question options: A) 2.10/1000 B) 6.89% C) 21.3% D) 6.89/1000

B) 6.89%

Diabetes is a growing problem, in part due to the rising rates of obesity, which contribute to the development of type II diabetes. You are putting together a report to present to your state legislature, to make them aware of the scope of the problem within your state. You gather the following information. Your state population is 3,051,000. A breakdown of the population, with the number of people diagnosed with diabetes within each age group, is as follows: Number of People in Population Number of People Diagnosed Age 0-17 671,220 1409 Age 18-34 518,670 5705 Age 35-49 776,100 34,925 Age 50-64 654,890 76,622 Age 65+ 430,120 91,616 Based on the above data, which age group would you identify to your state legislature as having the highest prevalence of diabetes? Question options: A) Adults age 18-34 B) Elderly adults age 65+ C) Children age 0-17 D) Adults age 50-64

B) Elderly adults age 65+

You have proportional (percentages) data identifying the brand of car people drive in your town. Which diagram or chart type will best display your information Question options: A) Scatter diagram B) Pie chart C) Grouped bar chart D) Stacked bar chart E) 100% component bar chart F) Bar chart

B) Pie chart

Which of the following is a true statement when describing attributable risk as a measure of disease? Question options: A) It is used to quantify the difference in disease risk between exposed and unexposed groups. B) This measure tells you the amount of disease directly attributable to a particular exposure. C) This is the measure of risk most appropriately used in a case control study. D) It measures the risk of developing disease in a cohort study.

B) This measure tells you the amount of disease directly attributable to a particular exposure.

A box plot with whiskers displays median and range data. The whiskers display Question options: A) the interquartile range B) the minimum and maximum of the range C) the mean variation from the median D) the standard deviation

B) the minimum and maximum of the range

The purpose of a spot map is to Question options: A) identify the exact location of the cause of disease B) to identify the geographic distribution of illness in an area C) to calculate incidence D) none of the above

B) to identify the geographic distribution of illness in an area

You are studying breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in your state. It is often highly treatable, but can also lead to mortality. The following information will help you to calculate your death statistics. Total state population = 2,472,000. Total deaths this year in your state = 16,512. Total deaths from breast cancer = 263. Total people diagnosed with breast cancer = 1,691. What is the Cause Specific Mortality Rate? Question options: A) 6.84/10,000 B) 15.55% C) 1.06/10,000 D) 1.59% E) 6.68/1000

C) 1.06/10,000

If I want to compare the proportionate (percentage) contribution of two variables with multiple components to each variable, which chart type should I use? Question options: A) Stacked bar chart B) Scatter diagram C) 100% component bar chart D) Bar chart E) Pie chart

C) 100% component bar chart

You study a deadly disease in your community; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is usually contracted in in-patient facilities. The following information will help you calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 97,432. Total deaths this year in the community = 515. Total deaths from MRSA = 21. Total people diagnosed with MRSA = 107. What is the Proportionate Mortality Rate? Question options: A) 2.16/10,000 B) 19.63% C) 4.08% D) 5.29/1000 E) 1.10/1000

C) 4.08%

You are analyzing state-wide influenza data for this past season, to compare influenza illnesses from this year to past years. You gather the following number of laboratory confirmed influenza cases by week, for the month of February, in a population of 2,750,000. Week of laboratory confirmation Number of confirmed cases Week 1 257 Week 2 319 Week 3 372 Week 4 276 What is the incidence rate of influenza for the month of February? Question options: A) 1.00/10,000 B) 4.45/100,000 C) 4.45/10,000 D) 9.35/100,000

C) 4.45/10,000

You work for your local health department, and you want to report on the burden of asthma in your county. You find the following information. The total population in your county is 84,000. A breakdown of the population by age, with the number of people diagnosed with asthma within each age group, is as follows: Number of People in Population Number of People Diagnosed Age 0-17 16,800 1,210 Age 18-64 55,440 4,491 Age 65+ 11,760 988 What is the prevalence of asthma among children ages 0-17 in your county? Question options: A) 7.20/1000 B) 14.40/1000 C) 7.20% D) 7.96%

C) 7.20%

You want to display demographic data that represents family type (single, married, divorced, widowed, etc) in your recent research study. Which chart type would be best to display this? Question options: A) Scatter diagram B) Grouped bar chart C) Bar chart D) Phylogenic tree E) 100% component bar chart

C) Bar chart

Which diagram or chart type best displays two continuous variable and their relationship to one another Question options: A) Stacked bar chart B) Bar chart C) Scatter diagram D) Grouped bar chart E) Pie chart F) 100% component bar chart

C) Scatter diagram

If you are comparing Health care expenditures (in millions) by diagnosis group between two similar developed nations, which chart type would best help you display the data? Question options: A) Pie chart B) Scatter diagram C) Stacked bar chart D) Area Chart E) Bar chart

C) Stacked bar chart

If you are comparing university enrollment BY MAJOR from two similarly sized universities, which chart type would best help you display the data? Question options: A) Pie chart B) Bar chart C) Stacked bar chart D) Area Chart E) Scatter diagram

C) Stacked bar chart

Which of the following statements is NOT true when describing a proportionate mortality rate? Question options: A) This measure is expressed as a percentage of all deaths. B) When calculating this measure, all deaths for the period of study are included in the denominator. C) This measure is used to describe the total number of deaths in a defined population, including all causes. D) This measure is used to describe the proportion of deaths in a defined population that is attributable to a specific cause.

C) This measure is used to describe the total number of deaths in a defined population, including all causes.

When calculating relative risk, which of the following is true? Question options: A) A limitation of this measure is that you are unable to quantify the difference in risk of disease between the exposed and unexposed groups. B) You find the amount of disease in the exposed group that is directly attributable to an exposure. C) You compare the risk of disease in the exposed to the risk of disease in the unexposed. D) You choose case and control groups, and then compare their exposure.

C) You compare the risk of disease in the exposed to the risk of disease in the unexposed.

Which diagram or chart type best displays stacked bar data with equivalent height bars Question options: A) Stacked bar chart B) Pie chart C) Bar chart D) 100% component bar chart E) Scatter diagram

D) 100% component bar chart

You are monitoring prostate cancer in your state, which has a population of 2,270,000. There were 15,200 deaths in your state due to all causes. The case fatality rate due to prostate cancer last year was 16.81%. A total of 454 deaths due to prostate cancer occurred. How many cases of prostate cancer were there last year? Question options: A) 76 B) 2,555 C) 381,587 D) 2,701 E) None of the above. You cannot determine the number of cases with the information given.

D) 2,701

Tourette Syndrome is the involuntary twitching of motor or vocal muscles. It usually presents symptoms in adolescence and is much more common among boys than girls. You are researching Tourette syndrome for the CDC and find the following information. Your study population is 87,026 Number of People in Study Number of People Diagnosed Boys 46,410 191 Girls 40,616 154 Age 6-11 37,775 169 Age 12-17 49,251 176 What is the prevalence of Tourette syndrome in your study? Question options: A) 3.79/1000 B) 7.93/1000 C) 1.77/1000 D) 3.96/1000

D) 3.96/1000

You study a deadly disease in your community; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is usually contracted in in-patient facilities. The following information will help you calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 97,432. Total deaths this year in the community = 515. Total deaths from MRSA = 21. Total people diagnosed with MRSA = 107. What is the crude death rate? Question options: A) 1.10/1000 B) 2.16/10,000 C) 4.08% D) 5.29/1000 E) 19.63%

D) 5.29/1000

You work for your local health department, and you want to report on the burden of asthma in your county. You find the following information. The total population in your county is 84,000. A breakdown of the population by age, with the number of people diagnosed with asthma within each age group, is as follows: Number of People in Population Number of People Diagnosed Age 0-17 16800 1210 Age 18-64 55,440 4491 Age 65+ 11,760 988 What is the prevalence of asthma in your county? Question options: A) 7.20% B) 8.10/1000 C) 7.96/1000 D) 7.96%

D) 7.96%

Which of the following is a true statement when describing prevalence as a measure of disease? Question options: A) It includes all known cases of disease at a point in time, regardless of when the disease was diagnosed. B) This measure can be expressed as a fraction, a decimal, or a percentage. C) When calculating this measure, the numerator is also included in the denominator. D) All of the above statements are true.

D) All of the above statements are true.

Which of the following statements accurately describes relative risk? Question options: A) This measure is used with a case-control study. B) It measures the amount of disease directly attributable to a particular exposure. C) It tells you the proportion of people who have the disease. D) This measure is used with a cohort study.

D) This measure is used with a cohort study.

You are studying breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in your state. It is often highly treatable, but can also lead to mortality. The following information will help you to calculate your death statistics. Total state population = 2,472,000. Total deaths this year in your state = 16,512. Total deaths from breast cancer = 263. Total people diagnosed with breast cancer = 1,691. What is the Proportionate Mortality Rate? Question options: A) 0.67% B) 15.55% C) 1.06/10,000 D) 6.84/10,000 E) 1.59%

E) 1.59%

You study a deadly disease in your community; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is usually contracted in in-patient facilities. The following information will help you calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 97,432. Total deaths this year in the community = 515. Total deaths from MRSA = 21. Total people diagnosed with MRSA = 107. What is the case fatality rate? Question options: A) 5.29/1000 B) 2.16/10,000 C) 4.08% D) 1.10/1000 E) 19.63%

E) 19.63%

Your are studying mortality rates due to malaria in a community where spread of the infection by mosquitos is high. You use the following information to calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 590,118. Total deaths this year in the community = 3,895. Total deaths from malaria = 137. Total people diagnosed with malaria = 4,426. What is the Cause Specific Mortality Rate? Question options: A) 6.60/1000 B) 3.10% C) 3.52% D) 7.50/1000 E) 2.32/10,000

E) 2.32/10,000

An odds ratio is the most appropriate measure of disease risk when conducting a cohort study. Question options: True False

False

Data tables used in the context of a paper generally just need a sample title True False

False

Word and excel are great tools for graphing data, and epidemiologists should just use the default color settings so that most of the population is familiar with the data they are displaying Question options: True False

False

Attributable risk is important because it can help health professionals to know how much of a disease can be prevented by eliminating contact with a related exposure. Question options: A) True B) False

True

Data tables and charts should be able to stand alone using just the title and legend, without any other written context. Question options: True False

True