HS Physical Science EOC

A 10-newton force is applied to a 2-kg block. The block slides across the floor at a constant speed of 5 m/s. What is a valid conclusion from this situation? A) The force of friction was 10-newtons. B) The 10-newton force was an unbalanced force. C) There was no friction experienced by the block. D) There is a net a force of 10-newtons on the block.

A

A chemistry student mixes 5 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 100 ml of water and stirs until all of the salt is dissolved. Once dissolved, the student measures the electrical conductivity of the solution. An additional 5 grams of NaCl is then dissolved in the solution. Which statement MOST accurately describes how the additional five grams of salt will affect the electrical conductivity of the solution? A) The conductivity of the solution will increase because more ions are being added to the solution. B) The conductivity of the solution will decrease because salt is an insulator and more is being added. C) The conductivity of the solution will decrease because the concentration has changed--the solution is more dense. D) The conductivity of the solution will increase because additional electrical potential is being added to the solution.

A

A coil of wire, a battery, a few paper clips, and a thermometer are on a table of supplies. What other material or materials would be needed for a student to construct a basic electric motor? A) A magnet B) Some tape C) An electric generator D) Alligator clips and a plastic cup

A

A major difference between AC and DC electricity is that: A) the current in AC electricity varies in magnitude and direction. B) the current in DC electricity varies in magnitude and direction. C) the voltage in AC electricity varies in magnitude and direction. D) the voltage in DC electricity varies in magnitude and direction.

A

At steeper angles, the force is ________ creating a ________ acceleration. A) At steeper angles, the force is greater creating a greater acceleration. B) At steeper angles, the force is greater creating a smaller acceleration. C) At steeper angles, the force is smaller creating a greater acceleration. D) The force of gravity is a constant and therefore the data in the table must be flawed.

A

In which will you find a state of matter that has particles who have more energy than liquid water? Water, Smoke, Air, and Iron A) Smoke and Air B) Water, smoke, and air C) Smoke, air, and iron D) All of them

A

It is almost time for the summer Olympics. The Olympic hammer throw is a throwing event where the object is to throw a heavy metal ball attached to a wire and handle. The name hammer throw comes from an older contest where men threw a sledge hammer. The hammer have different weights, ranging from 16 pounds down to 8 pounds. Imagine there are four hammers to throw: 16, 12, 10, and 8 pounds. You want to reach the same distance which each hammer. You would need the least force to throw which hammer? A) 8 pounds B) 10 pounds C) 12 pounds D) 16 pounds

A

NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3 Balance this reaction if necessary. A) balanced B) 1, 1, 2, 1 C) 1, 2, 1, 2 D) 1, 2, 2, 2

A

Over 99% of the mass of an atom is located: A) in the nucleus. B) in the protons. C) in the neutrons. D) in the electron cloud.

A

Sodium, atomic number 11, forms an ionic bond with an atom of an unknown element. What is one possible choice for the other element in the compound? (An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal. Noble gases, like neon, do not readily form compounds.) A) fluorine B) gallium C) neon D) potassium

A

Substance: Specific Heat (J kg-1 K-1): Aluminum 900 Copper 390 Brass 380 Silver 230 Platinum 130 Explain why a Chef in a very busy restaurant would prefer a copper pot over an aluminum pot. A) The copper pot would heat faster because it has a lower specific heat value. B) The copper pot would heat slower because it has a lower specific heat value. C) The copper pot would heat faster because it has a higher specific heat value. D) The copper pot would heat slower because it has a higher specific heat value.

A

Two identical pots, one black and one silver, containing exactly the same amounts of water, are heated to the same temperature. They are left uncovered and placed in the same room. After 15 minutes the water in the black pot is significantly cooler than the water in the silver pot. Which of these statements best explains this difference? A) The black pot emits heat at a faster rate than the silver pot. B) The black pot allows more heat to be lost through evaporation. C) The silver pot absorbs heat from the surroundings in the room. D) The silver pot reflects heat into the water and keeps it warm longer.

A

What is the number of protons in an atom of sodium? A) 11 B) 11.9897 C) 12 D) 23

A

Which is not an issue with waste from nuclear energy? A) atmospheric pollutants B) highly toxic C) leakage into environment D) need for long term storage

A

Which substance will cause litmus paper to turn red? A) Sour taste, strongly conducts electricity, Reacts with most metals to generate hydrogen gas. B) Bitter taste, strongly conducts electricity, can react to make soap C) Neutral taste, weakly conducts electricity, can react with acids or bases D) Sharp taste, strongly conducts electricity, generally will not react.

A

Why does the chair in which you are currently sitting retain its same shape over time? A) The particles of the chair are strongly held together. B) The chair is lower in energy than the surrounding environment. C) The particles of the chair are free to move and form their most stable positions. D) The chair is made of particles that are relatively far apart and spread out to a maximum to form the chair shape.

A

D

As we move from left to right across the periodic table, what is the general trend? A) Atomic radii increase. B) Electronegavitiy decreases. C) Nuclear shielding increases. D) Metallic character decreases.

A train rolls to a stop along a horizontal track without the conductor applying the brakes. What answer choice BEST explains why this occurred? A) The train ran out of momentum. B) The opposing force of friction stopped the train. C) The natural state of the train is not to be in motion. D) The force of gravity slowed the train until it stopped.

B

Carbon dioxide can be represented by the chemical formula: A) C2O B) CO2 C) Ca2O D) CaO2

B

In a ceiling fan, electrical energy, N, is transferred to another form, M. Energy transfers are never 100% efficient. Some of the energy is "wasted" as heat. To what form is the electrical energy (N) transferred (M) to allow the ceiling fan to function? A) light energy B) kinetic energy C) chemical energy D) potential energy

B

Many people are proponents of using nuclear power instead of burning coal to generate electricity. What is an environmental disadvantage of using nuclear power? A) Water vapor is released from the cooling towers. B) Radioactive wastes must be stored for long periods. C) Less carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere. D) Small amounts of uranium can produce large amounts of energy.

B

Over the last several decades, scientists have addressed the problem of nonrenewable natural resources such as fossil fuels. Humans are using fossil fuels at a rapid rate and scientists believe that one day we will run out of them. To solve this problem, research has been conducted on alternative energy sources. One alternative energy source is nuclear energy. Although nuclear energy is a good solution to this problem, there are concerns. All BUT ONE of these describe a concern about nuclear energy. A) presence of radioactive waste B) little if any carbon emissions released into the air C) contamination risk when transporting radioactive materials D) thermal pollution from water released into nearby environment

B

The molecules of a substance are moving rapidly in a container. The molecules do not interact with each other. If the container is opened, the molecules will escape from the container. In what phase of matter are the molecules in the container? A) plasma B) gas C) liquid D) solid

B

We spend our lives in visible light without risks to our health. Yet exposure to UV waves in sunlight can cause skin cancer. What is the BEST explanation for this? A) UV waves are longer and carry more energy. B) UV waves are higher frequency and carry more energy. C) UV waves have a lower frequency and carry more energy. D) UV waves travel faster than visible light and have more energy.

B

What is the correct name for the ionic compound, MgCl2? A) manganese chloride B) magnesium chloride C) magnesium dichloride D) manganese dichloride

B

When Jamie removes a woolen cap, his hair develops an excess of static charge Which of these BEST explains this phenomenon? A) Electrons are transferred from the woolen cap to Jamie's hair. B) Electrons are transferred from Jamie's hair to the woolen cap. C) Positive charges are transferred from the woolen cap to Jamie's hair. D) Positive charges are transferred from Jamie's hair to the woolen cap.

B

When light is scattered while spreading out through the atmosphere, the light rays: A) converge and follow the same direction. B) deflect randomly in multiple directions. C) bounce back toward their initial direction. D) undergo regular reflection from a particle.

B

Which car is accelerating? A) a car that is unmoving B) a car that rounds a curve at a constant speed C) a car that travels in straight line at a constant speed D) a car that is set to a constant speed of 60 miles per hour

B

(_6^)C^12 +(_1^)H^1 → ________ + gamma radiation In large, massive stars, fusion occurs through a multiple step process referred to as the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle. During this cycle the larger elements, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, are formed. The nuclear equation represents one step in this process. What element is missing from this equation? A) aluminum-13 B) carbon-7 C) nitrogen-13 D) sodium-11

C

A fan is connected to a battery in a series circuit. What kind of energy transfer occurs if the circuit is closed? A) Light energy changes to chemical energy. B) Thermal energy changes to mechanical energy. C) Chemical energy changes to mechanical energy. D) Mechanical energy changes to chemical energy.

C

As an emergency vehicle approaches Bob and moves away from Jill, how does the actual frequency of the siren change? A) As an emergency vehicle approaches Bob the frequency increases. B) As an emergency vehicle moves away from Jill the frequency decreases. C) The actual frequency of the siren does not change despite appearances. D) Bob does not notice any change until the vehicle passes him and the siren increases.

C

Elaborate on what can be learned about the properties by the location of element on the periodic table. Use atomic number 13 as an example. A) It is a non-metal, has 3 valence electrons, becomes a cation with a -3 charge, and is brittle, moldable, and non-conductive. B) It is a metalloid, has 3 valence electrons, becomes a cation with a -5 charge, and is workable, inelastic, and non-conductive. C) It is a main group metal, has 3 valence electrons, becomes a cation with a +3 charge, and is ductile, malleable, and conductive. D) It is a transition metal, has 1 valence electrons, becomes a cation with a +1 charge, and is ductile, malleable, and conductive.

C

How is electron movement related to the bonding in sodium chloride? A) The atomic orbitals overlap and share electrons causing an ionic bond to form. B) Electrostatic sharing of electrons between atoms allows covalent bond formation. C) Electrons exchange creating ions to form an ionic bond by electrostatic attraction. D) Orbital overlap occurs between the atoms to exchange electrons to form the covalent bond.

C

In old western movies, cowboys often would put their ear to a train track to listen for an oncoming train. What benefit would this method provide over listening for a train by listening for sound through the air? A) The sound would be louder. B) The sound would be undistorted. C) The sound would reach him sooner. D) The sound would higher in frequency.

C

In which position would an object have a GREATER amount of potential energy? A) resting on the ground B) on top of a 3 m ladder C) hanging 20 m from the ground D) in the hand of a person 1 m off the ground

C

Joe is the best baseball player in the world. He can throw a baseball faster than anyone. If the mass of the baseball was increased by 50%, but he applied the same force as he did to a lighter baseball, which of these would best describe Joe's attitude? A) Joe would love to use the new ball in future baseball games. B) Joe would be happy as the new ball would have a faster acceleration. C) Joe would be unhappy as the new ball would have a slower acceleration. D) Joe's attitude would not change as there would be no change in the acceleration.

C

Lakes and ponds which have limestone or calcium carbonate are affected less by acid rain than those which have granite. This is because: A) granite solutions are basic and neutralize the acid rain. B) granite solutions are neutral and are not affected by acid rain. C) calcium carbonate solutions are basic and neutralize the acid rain. D) calcium carbonate solutions are neutral and are not affected by acid rain.

C

Maria's father started a fire in the fireplace. He crumpled some paper, lit a match, and soon the logs in the fireplace were burning. In this case, the stored chemical energy in the logs was changed into: A) electrical energy. B) mechanical motion. C) heat and light energy. D) electrical and heat energy.

C

The planet Jupiter has an acceleration due to gravity that is approximately 2.4 times as much as the earth (23.2 m/s^2). Which of these statements is true regarding if you were to travel to Jupiter and land on its surface? A) Your mass would increase by a factor of 2.4. B) Your mass would decrease by a factor of 2.4. C) Your weight would increase by a factor of 2.4. D) Your weight would decrease by a factor of 2.4.

C

The process that keeps heat from being transferred between two substances is: A) conduction. B) convection. C) insulation. D) radiation.

C

What do acids and bases have in common? A) have a pH of 7 B) dissolves metals C) ionizes in water D) turns red litmus paper blue

C

What is one reason nuclear fuel is a positive alternative to fossil fuels for the creation of electrical energy? A) Nuclear power is much less hazardous than coal or oil power production. B) Nuclear power is much more widely available than coal or oil power production. C) Nuclear power produces no carbon dioxide emissions unlike coal or oil power production. D) Nuclear power does not require the use of natural resources like coal or oil power production.

C

When a television is turned on, it converts electrical energy into many other forms of energy. Which set of words correctly lists MOST of these forms? A) sound and heat B) sound and light C) light, sound, and heat D) light, sound, and electricity

C

(_0^1)n→(_1^1)H+(_-1^0)e Several types of radiation may be emitted during radioactive decay. The equation represents: A) the disintegration of an alpha particle. B) the origin of a positron from a proton in the nucleus. C) high energy electromagnetic radiation called gamma rays. D) the origin of a beta particle from the nucleus of an atom.

D

A 20 kg mass is dropped from a tall rooftop and accelerates at 9.8 m/s^2. What is the weight of the dropped object? A) 0 N B) 9.8 N C) 20 N D) 196 N

D

A sample of a substance has a high density, yet a low particle motion. This sample must be a A) gas. B) liquid. C) plasma. D) solid.

D

A stable, binary ionic compound exists where the cation (A) has a charge twice in magnitude than that of the anion (X). What would be the correct formula for this compound? A) A2X B) A2X4 C) A4X2 D) AX2

D

Addition of _____________ to pure water causes the least increase in conductivity. A) weak bases B) acetic acid C) ionic compounds D) organic molecules

D

Al + O2 ---> Al2O3 Balance the chemical equation. A) Al + O2 ---> Al2O3 B) 2Al + O2 ---> Al2O3 C) 4Al + 3O2 ---> Al2O3 D) 4Al + 3O2 ---> 2Al2O3

D

Chemical, potential energy is stored in a battery. The negative end of a battery is connected to a wire. The wire loops numerous times around a piece of steel. The wire returns to the positive end of the battery. What happens to the piece of steel? A) It begins to spin. B) It gains a negative charge. C) It gains a positive charge. D) It would move toward a piece of iron.

D

Describe how resistance affects the flow of current in a circuit. A) Efficiency of a circuit is dependent on decreasing the resistivity of the material. B) Current in the circuit increases with increasing of the innate resistivity of the material. C) Flow of electrons within the wire is increased by reducing the resistance by using a longer wire. D) The flow of current in a circuit is reduced by resistance from collisions of the electrons within the wire.

D

Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) This chemical equation represents a ______________ reaction. A) synthesis B) decomposition C) neutralization D) single replacement

D

Given that oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 both have an atomic number of 8, how many electrons, protons, and neutrons do these oxygen atoms contain? A) These oxygen configurations contain the same number of subatomic particles - 8 electrons, 6 protons and 10 neutrons. B) Any oxygen atom contains 8 electrons and 9 neutrons but these vary in the number of protons - 8 and 10 respectively. C) The oxygen allotropes contain 8 electrons but each contains a different number of neutrons and protons - 8 and 10 respectively. D) Both oxygen isotopes contain 8 electrons and 8 protons but each contains a different number of neutrons - 8 and 10 respectively.

D

In order to generate electricity from mechanical energy, one essential element needed to transform the energy into electrical energy is: A) a steam turbine. B) a mechanical linkage. C) a large piece of iron. D) a magnet or magnetic field.

D

While watching a recent science fiction movie, one Klingon spaceship blows up a Droid spaceship with a laser gun. The Klingon crew watches out the port window and covers their ears to muffle the noise from the explosion. Scientifically, this scene is inaccurate because: A) light can not reflect off objects in the vacuum of space. B) they would not be able to see anything outside the window. C) lasers can not be transmitted through the vacuum of space. D) the sound of the explosion would not be transmitted back to their ship.

D

Where is the amplitude of the wave?

From the crest to the middle line, or from the trough to the middle line.

C

In this picture, the phenomenon in this diagram, moving from water to air, is called: A) diffraction. B) dispersion. C) refraction. D) resolution.

The law of conservation of matter

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

Photovoltaic energy is the conversion of _______ into electricity through a photovoltaic cell

Sunlight