HSC 4551 Survey of Human Diseases ch. 7-9

How much of the African American population has sickle cell​ trait? ​50% ​0.5% ​1-3% ​10%

10%

How much B12 intake is needed to prevent pernicious anemia due to B12​ deficiency? 400 micrograms 2.5 micrograms 10 micrograms 1 microgram

2.5 micrograms

All of the following are imaging techniques that can be used to diagnose digestive system diseases and disorders except​? ultrasound PET scan CT scan MRI

PET scan

What is the underlying cause of​ thalassemia? a genetic defect in the synthesis of the proteins that make up hemoglobin a genetic defect that causes weakness in the red blood cell membrane a genetic defect in the mechanism that releases erythropoietin a genetic inability to absorb iron

a genetic defect in the synthesis of the proteins that make up hemoglobin

You are working with a hematologist​ (specialist in diseases of the​ blood) and a patient with severe liver disease has been referred to your office. When preparing for the​ visit, you anticipate the patient will be evaluated for high blood pressure abnormal bleeding infection rapid heart beat

abnormal bleeding

On​ average, how much of the respiratory membrane is typically lost every year after the age of​ 30? about one square foot about 2 square feet about 4 square inches about one square inch

about one square foot

What does a spirometer​ measure? diaphragm strength air pressure in the lungs air capacity of the lungs amount of fluid in the lungs

air capacity of the lungs

What does a bronchial challenge test​ detect? blood in the sputum fluid in the lungs an abnormal breathing rate airway hypersensitivity

airway hypersensitivity

What term describes the small air sacs located in the lungs where gas exchange​ occurs? capillaries cilia bronchioles alveoli

alveoli

Which structures in the respiratory tract are primarily affected by​ pneumonia? pleura bronchi bronchioles alveoli

alveoli

What would be an inappropriate treatment for viral​ pharyngitis? pain relievers antibiotics gargling with saltwater ​anti-inflammatory medications

antibiotics

Which of the following is a treatment option for​ stomatitis? surgery antibiotics antacids antidiarrheal medications

antibiotics

What gastrointestinal disease exhibits acute lower right quadrant abdominal​ pain, nausea, and​ fever? malabsorption syndrome appendicitis duodenal ulcer cholecystitis

appendicitis

Which describes a wheezing breath​ sound? ​high-pitched popping lung sounds a​ high-pitched whistling sound a creaking sound a bubbling sound

a​ high-pitched whistling sound

Which of the following can cause​ stomatitis? acid reflux due to an incompetent cardiac sphincter use of tobacco​ products, especially in conjunction with consuming alcohol ​aspirin, coffee,​ tobacco, alcohol, and infection ​bacteria, viruses, and fungi

bacteria, viruses, and fungi

How is vitamin K synthesized in the​ body? by exposure to sunlight by intestinal bacteria by stimulation of osseous bone tissues vitamin K is absorbed from​ cauliflower, carrots, and cucumbers

by intestinal bacteria

Susan is has a history of anemia and is looking for dietary supplements that will help her to avoid this condition. Which of these supplements would not be useful in preventing​ anemia? calcium folic acid vitamin B12 iron

calcium

Jaundice is a symptom of all of the following diseases ​except? hepatitis cholecystitis cirrhosis pancreatitis

cholecystitis

The treatment for this disease calls for symptomatic treatment for edema and portal hypertension or​ bleeding; an improved​ diet, or a liver transplant. cancer of the liver hepatitis C hepatitis D cirrhosis

cirrhosis

What does the term hemoptysis refer​ to? abnormal breath sounds excessive sputum nonproductive cough coughing blood

coughing blood

Which of these is a normal​ age-related change in respiratory​ function? emphysema asthma shortness of breath deterioration of the elastic tissue of the lungs

deterioration of the elastic tissue of the lungs

Tobacco is a cause for all of the following diseases except​? cancer of the mouth gastritis diverticulitis cancer of the esophagus

diverticulitis

Difficulty breathing is also known as​ ____________. hyperventilation apnea asthma dyspnea

dyspnea

Which diagnostic​ test/procedure, allows for visualization of abnormalities in the​ esophagus, stomach, small​ intestine, and large​ intestine? biopsy ultrasound endoscopy ​x-ray

endoscopy

The​ mucus-coated lining of the respiratory tract is known as the respiratory​ ______________. smooth muscle tissue endothelium epidermis epithelium

epithelium

How are erythrocytes produced in numbers sufficient for maintaining adequate gas exchange throughout the​ body? stored iron from the liver goes to the​ spleen, the iron bonds with globin protein and is encased in a cell membrane. mature erythrocytes are released through the splenic duct dead erythrocytes are absorbed by the​ liver, where iron stores are used to replenish their hemoglobin before they are returned to the bloodstream low levels of erythrocytes in the blood triggers red blood cells to divide erythropoetin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells

erythropoetin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells

Acid reflux is the cause of which of the following​ diseases? stomatitis gastritis esophagitis gastroenteritis

esophagitis

How can cholecystitis be​ diagnosed? needle biopsy fecal fat test ​x-ray blood test

fecal fat test

All of the following are symptoms of esophagitis ​except: heartburn hematemesis fever acid reflux

fever

What causes Hepatitis​ A? blood borne food or water borne infection ​alcohol-induced sexually transmitted

food or water borne infection

What disease is caused by inflammation of the lining of the stomach and is frequently accompanied by vomiting of​ blood? peritonitis appendicitis gastroenteritis gastritis

gastritis

The endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes which of the​ following? bile hydrochloric acid proteases glucagon

glucagon

All of the following are symptoms of gastroenteritis except​? hematemesis vomiting nausea anorexia

hematemesis

All of the following can be diagnosed using an ultrasound ​except: cancer of the liver cholelithiasis pancreatitis hepatitis

hepatitis

Which of the following hepatitis infections is not a sexually transmitted or bloodborne​ infection? hepatitis B hepatitis D hepatitis A hepatitis C

hepatitis A

What type of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis and has a two to six month incubation​ period? hepatitis C hepatitis B hepatitis A hepatitis E

hepatitis B

All of the following are symptoms of hepatitis ​except: high fever jaundice nausea anorexia

high fever

Which of the following is not a symptom of the common​ cold? high fever cough sore throat sneezing

high fever

What is a main symptom of​ laryngitis? throat pain fever difficulty swallowing hoarseness

hoarseness

What is the best course of action for a chemotherapy patient who has been diagnosed with severe​ neutropenia? close follow up at an outpatient clinic bed rest at home hospitalization in an isolation room and intravenous antibiotics blood transfusion

hospitalization in an isolation room and intravenous antibiotics

How can hepatitis be​ diagnosed? fecal fat test immunodiagnostics ultrasound CT scan

immunodiagnostics

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in children​ worldwide? pancreatic disorders dental caries hepatitis infectious diarrheal diseases

infectious diarrheal diseases

An African American couple have made an appointment with a certified nurse midwife for​ pre-conception counseling. Neither of them have been tested for sickle cell trait in the past and they​ don't know if it is necessary. The​ midwife's counseling should include informing the couple their child will likely have a severe form of the disease if they both have the trait suggesting the couple forego testing because risk for the disease can not be predicted strategies by which the mother can prevent transmission of trait or disease to her child informing the couple that only one of them needs to be tested because children with one parent who does not have the trait will be completely unaffected

informing the couple their child will likely have a severe form of the disease if they both have the trait

Which is not true of blood​ plasma? most of its volume consists of water it destroys foreign objects in the bloodstream it carries hormones it contains protein

it destroys foreign objects in the bloodstream

How does an erythrocyte carry​ oxygen? it is held in the concave area on the cell surface it is bound to hemoglobin it is held in microscopic gas pockets in the cytoplasm it binds to a receptor in the cell membrane

it is bound to hemoglobin

A patient has made an appointment with a health care provider because he has been suffering from unexplained fevers and frequent infections that take a long time to recover from. Which blood component would the provider be most interested in​ evaluating? leukocytes plasma protein erythrocytes platelets

leukocytes

A patient has been diagnosed with Von​ Willebrand's disease after a skiing accident. He should be counseled on the possibility of needing regular blood transfusions the need for regular vitamin K injections in the future the possibility of frequent hospitalizations for pain control lifestyle modifications aimed at avoiding future injuries

lifestyle modifications aimed at avoiding future injuries

What does​ cyanosis, a blue color in the skin and​ nails, indicate? high fever low fever low oxygen levels high oxygen levels

low oxygen levels

Which is not a treatment for​ sinusitis? decongestants nasal endoscopy using a humidifier nasal corticosteroids

nasal endoscopy

A chemotherapy patient calls the cancer​ center's on-call nurse to report not feeling well and having a low grade fever. The nurse suspects she is suffering from polycythemia neutropenia hemolysis thrombocytopenia

neutropenia

What is the treatment for Hepatitis​ E? no treatment or vaccine immunoglobulin injections antivirals liver transplant

no treatment or vaccine

Causes of pancreatic cancer include all of the following ​except: diabetes obesity alcohol abuse cigarette smoking

obesity

A hiatal hernia is a common disorder in​ _________________. young adults ​middle-aged adults teenagers older adults

older adults

Which part of the digestive system has both endocrine and exocrine​ functions? appendix liver gallbladder pancreas

pancreas

The incidence of which type of cancer peaks in the 60s and is most common among older​ men? colon pancreatic esophageal stomach

pancreatic

You are helping to care for a patient who is severely anemic in the setting of a normal iron level. There is no elevation in serum bilirubin. The red blood cells are normal in size and shape. What would be the next step in determining the cause of this​ patient's anemia? measure B12 and folic acid levels assess for gastrointestinal bleeding perform a splenectomy perform kidney function tests

perform kidney function tests

​Rhythmic, smooth muscle contractions of the intestinal wall is called​ _____________. peristalsis bile swallowing chyme

peristalsis

​Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distress are symptoms of anemia of chronic disease pernicious anemia hemolytic anemia iron deficiency anemia

pernicious anemia

The​ double-layered membrane that encases the lungs is called the​ __________. thoracic cavity chest wall pleura squamous epithelium

pleura

Clubbing of the fingers or toes is an indicator of​ ___________ and​ __________. circulatory​ problems, malnutrition poor​ oxygenation, a compromised immune system poor​ oxygenation, circulatory problems poor​ oxygenation, malnutrition

poor​ oxygenation, circulatory problems

What causes the pain and tissue damage associated with sickle cell​ anemia? red blood cells that cannot pass through blood vessels because of their abnormal​ shape, creating blockages shrinkage of blood vessels in response to toxins produced by abnormal cells the buildup of waste products from dead red blood cells damage to nerve cells resulting from decreased oxygenation

red blood cells that cannot pass through blood vessels because of their abnormal​ shape, creating blockages

Neutropenia can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis vitamin malabsorbtion trauma genetic disorders

rheumatoid arthritis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose caused by an allergic reaction to an airborne substance is called allergic​ ____________. iritis phlebitis otitis rhinitis

rhinitis

What is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD)? inhalation of chemical fumes smoking cigarettes air pollution inhalation of dust particles

smoking cigarettes

Which of the following is not one of the accessory organs of the digestive​ system? gallbladder pancreas stomach liver

stomach

All of the following diseases have​ idiopathic, or​ unknown, causes ​except? regional enteritis chronic ulcerative colitis stomatitis cancer of the stomach

stomatitis

Surgery is a treatment option for all of the following diseases ​except? stomatitis appendicitis cancer of the mouth hiatal hernia

stomatitis

What is the treatment for​ cholecystitis? surgical removal immunoglobulin injections fluid replacement symptomatic treatment

surgical removal

The most common genetic disorder in the world is sickle cell anemia ​kleinfelter's syndrome hemophilia thalassemia

thalassemia

Clotting disorders are problems associated with hemostasis. What is the definition of​ hemostasis? platelet aggregation platelets in a resting state the arrest of bleeding abnormal bleeding

the arrest of bleeding

Where does digestion​ begin? the mouth the stomach the large intestine the small intestine

the mouth

Which is incorrect about measuring peak expiratory​ flow? a​ patient's peak flow can indicate how well their lungs are functioning it can be done at home without supervision the optimal peak expiratory flow is the same for everyone it gauges the maximum force with which a patient is capable of exhaling

the optimal peak expiratory flow is the same for everyone

Which part of the digestive system secretes hydrochloric​ acid? the large intestine the stomach the liver the small intestine

the stomach

Which of these statements about a person with a latent tuberculosis infection not​ accurate? the bacteria are​ present, but the​ person's immune system is able to keep them from growing they are immune from developing active TB they cannot spread the infection to others they are asymptomatic

they are immune from developing active TB

An emergency medical technician​ (EMT) has been called to the home of an elderly woman. Her children are very concerned because she fell in her carpeted bedroom and has multiple bruises​ (ecchymoses). They have also noticed little red spots on her skin lately but were not concerned until now. The EMT will be handle this patient very gently because he suspects she has neutropenia thrombocytopenia hemolytic anemia immune deficiency

thrombocytopenia

As air is being​ inhaled, which structure in the respiratory tract does it pass through after the​ larynx, but before the​ bronchi? trachea lungs pharynx nasal cavity

trachea

The digestive tract includes all of the following ​except: pharynx esophagus trachea large intestine

trachea

A hiatal hernia can be diagnosed by all of the following ​except: CT scan ultrasound ​x-ray endoscopy

ultrasound

What is a treatment option for chronic atrophic​ gastritis? avoiding​ irritants, drinking ice​ water, using antacid​ medications, and surgery to control bleeding antibiotics and managing the diet vitamin B12 supplements nonirritating​ diet, antacids, and​ acid-reducing medications

vitamin B12 supplements

You are a nurse at a hematology clinic. One of your patients is a​ 17-year-old boy with hemophilia. He hates to be at the doctor so frequently and often does not tell anyone when he has joint pain. You should encourage him to report his symptoms and explain that he could cure his hemophilia if he followed his medication regimen the problems in his joints could initiate responses in his immune system that make his hemophilia worse it would be better for him to take medications for the pain without proper​ treatment, the bleeding and inflammation in his joints could progress to severe disability

without proper​ treatment, the bleeding and inflammation in his joints could progress to severe disability

You are reading threads in an online health forum and find a question from a woman who suffers from​ Crohn's disease. She says the doctor told her she has low blood counts but​ didn't have time to explain it to her. She is feeling very tired and looking for things she could do to feel better. You see several responses. Which one do you agree with and encourage her to​ try? ​"I heard that taking extra vitamin C can help you absorb iron better so you can build your blood counts back​ up." ​"You should be checked for internal bleeding. That might be happening when you​ don't even know​ it." ​"If you have​ Crohn's disease, you have to take a lot of extra folic acid because you can only process a little bit of what you take in. You need folic acid for your​ blood." ​"I bet you have some kind of genetic problem​ that's messing up your bowels and your blood at the same time. You should have genetic​ testing."

​"If you have​ Crohn's disease, you have to take a lot of extra folic acid because you can only process a little bit of what you take in. You need folic acid for your​ blood."

Global pandemics of the influenza virus occur approximately every​ ____________. ​2-5 years ​25-30 years ​10-15 years ​1-3 years

​10-15 years

Which patient has a greater risk of developing complications from the​ flu? ​female, 72, with asthma and diabetes mellitus ​male, 60, with emphysema ​female, 4, in good health ​male, 40, with chronic bronchitis

​female, 72, with asthma and diabetes mellitus

Which is a symptom of​ stomatitis? ​redness, ulcers,​ patches, and bleeding fever abnormal​ growths, sores dysphagia

​redness, ulcers,​ patches, and bleeding