HSC 4551 Survey of Human Diseases ch. 7-9
How much of the African American population has sickle cell trait? 50% 0.5% 1-3% 10%
10%
How much B12 intake is needed to prevent pernicious anemia due to B12 deficiency? 400 micrograms 2.5 micrograms 10 micrograms 1 microgram
2.5 micrograms
All of the following are imaging techniques that can be used to diagnose digestive system diseases and disorders except? ultrasound PET scan CT scan MRI
PET scan
What is the underlying cause of thalassemia? a genetic defect in the synthesis of the proteins that make up hemoglobin a genetic defect that causes weakness in the red blood cell membrane a genetic defect in the mechanism that releases erythropoietin a genetic inability to absorb iron
a genetic defect in the synthesis of the proteins that make up hemoglobin
You are working with a hematologist (specialist in diseases of the blood) and a patient with severe liver disease has been referred to your office. When preparing for the visit, you anticipate the patient will be evaluated for high blood pressure abnormal bleeding infection rapid heart beat
abnormal bleeding
On average, how much of the respiratory membrane is typically lost every year after the age of 30? about one square foot about 2 square feet about 4 square inches about one square inch
about one square foot
What does a spirometer measure? diaphragm strength air pressure in the lungs air capacity of the lungs amount of fluid in the lungs
air capacity of the lungs
What does a bronchial challenge test detect? blood in the sputum fluid in the lungs an abnormal breathing rate airway hypersensitivity
airway hypersensitivity
What term describes the small air sacs located in the lungs where gas exchange occurs? capillaries cilia bronchioles alveoli
alveoli
Which structures in the respiratory tract are primarily affected by pneumonia? pleura bronchi bronchioles alveoli
alveoli
What would be an inappropriate treatment for viral pharyngitis? pain relievers antibiotics gargling with saltwater anti-inflammatory medications
antibiotics
Which of the following is a treatment option for stomatitis? surgery antibiotics antacids antidiarrheal medications
antibiotics
What gastrointestinal disease exhibits acute lower right quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and fever? malabsorption syndrome appendicitis duodenal ulcer cholecystitis
appendicitis
Which describes a wheezing breath sound? high-pitched popping lung sounds a high-pitched whistling sound a creaking sound a bubbling sound
a high-pitched whistling sound
Which of the following can cause stomatitis? acid reflux due to an incompetent cardiac sphincter use of tobacco products, especially in conjunction with consuming alcohol aspirin, coffee, tobacco, alcohol, and infection bacteria, viruses, and fungi
bacteria, viruses, and fungi
How is vitamin K synthesized in the body? by exposure to sunlight by intestinal bacteria by stimulation of osseous bone tissues vitamin K is absorbed from cauliflower, carrots, and cucumbers
by intestinal bacteria
Susan is has a history of anemia and is looking for dietary supplements that will help her to avoid this condition. Which of these supplements would not be useful in preventing anemia? calcium folic acid vitamin B12 iron
calcium
Jaundice is a symptom of all of the following diseases except? hepatitis cholecystitis cirrhosis pancreatitis
cholecystitis
The treatment for this disease calls for symptomatic treatment for edema and portal hypertension or bleeding; an improved diet, or a liver transplant. cancer of the liver hepatitis C hepatitis D cirrhosis
cirrhosis
What does the term hemoptysis refer to? abnormal breath sounds excessive sputum nonproductive cough coughing blood
coughing blood
Which of these is a normal age-related change in respiratory function? emphysema asthma shortness of breath deterioration of the elastic tissue of the lungs
deterioration of the elastic tissue of the lungs
Tobacco is a cause for all of the following diseases except? cancer of the mouth gastritis diverticulitis cancer of the esophagus
diverticulitis
Difficulty breathing is also known as ____________. hyperventilation apnea asthma dyspnea
dyspnea
Which diagnostic test/procedure, allows for visualization of abnormalities in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine? biopsy ultrasound endoscopy x-ray
endoscopy
The mucus-coated lining of the respiratory tract is known as the respiratory ______________. smooth muscle tissue endothelium epidermis epithelium
epithelium
How are erythrocytes produced in numbers sufficient for maintaining adequate gas exchange throughout the body? stored iron from the liver goes to the spleen, the iron bonds with globin protein and is encased in a cell membrane. mature erythrocytes are released through the splenic duct dead erythrocytes are absorbed by the liver, where iron stores are used to replenish their hemoglobin before they are returned to the bloodstream low levels of erythrocytes in the blood triggers red blood cells to divide erythropoetin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
erythropoetin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
Acid reflux is the cause of which of the following diseases? stomatitis gastritis esophagitis gastroenteritis
esophagitis
How can cholecystitis be diagnosed? needle biopsy fecal fat test x-ray blood test
fecal fat test
All of the following are symptoms of esophagitis except: heartburn hematemesis fever acid reflux
fever
What causes Hepatitis A? blood borne food or water borne infection alcohol-induced sexually transmitted
food or water borne infection
What disease is caused by inflammation of the lining of the stomach and is frequently accompanied by vomiting of blood? peritonitis appendicitis gastroenteritis gastritis
gastritis
The endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes which of the following? bile hydrochloric acid proteases glucagon
glucagon
All of the following are symptoms of gastroenteritis except? hematemesis vomiting nausea anorexia
hematemesis
All of the following can be diagnosed using an ultrasound except: cancer of the liver cholelithiasis pancreatitis hepatitis
hepatitis
Which of the following hepatitis infections is not a sexually transmitted or bloodborne infection? hepatitis B hepatitis D hepatitis A hepatitis C
hepatitis A
What type of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis and has a two to six month incubation period? hepatitis C hepatitis B hepatitis A hepatitis E
hepatitis B
All of the following are symptoms of hepatitis except: high fever jaundice nausea anorexia
high fever
Which of the following is not a symptom of the common cold? high fever cough sore throat sneezing
high fever
What is a main symptom of laryngitis? throat pain fever difficulty swallowing hoarseness
hoarseness
What is the best course of action for a chemotherapy patient who has been diagnosed with severe neutropenia? close follow up at an outpatient clinic bed rest at home hospitalization in an isolation room and intravenous antibiotics blood transfusion
hospitalization in an isolation room and intravenous antibiotics
How can hepatitis be diagnosed? fecal fat test immunodiagnostics ultrasound CT scan
immunodiagnostics
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in children worldwide? pancreatic disorders dental caries hepatitis infectious diarrheal diseases
infectious diarrheal diseases
An African American couple have made an appointment with a certified nurse midwife for pre-conception counseling. Neither of them have been tested for sickle cell trait in the past and they don't know if it is necessary. The midwife's counseling should include informing the couple their child will likely have a severe form of the disease if they both have the trait suggesting the couple forego testing because risk for the disease can not be predicted strategies by which the mother can prevent transmission of trait or disease to her child informing the couple that only one of them needs to be tested because children with one parent who does not have the trait will be completely unaffected
informing the couple their child will likely have a severe form of the disease if they both have the trait
Which is not true of blood plasma? most of its volume consists of water it destroys foreign objects in the bloodstream it carries hormones it contains protein
it destroys foreign objects in the bloodstream
How does an erythrocyte carry oxygen? it is held in the concave area on the cell surface it is bound to hemoglobin it is held in microscopic gas pockets in the cytoplasm it binds to a receptor in the cell membrane
it is bound to hemoglobin
A patient has made an appointment with a health care provider because he has been suffering from unexplained fevers and frequent infections that take a long time to recover from. Which blood component would the provider be most interested in evaluating? leukocytes plasma protein erythrocytes platelets
leukocytes
A patient has been diagnosed with Von Willebrand's disease after a skiing accident. He should be counseled on the possibility of needing regular blood transfusions the need for regular vitamin K injections in the future the possibility of frequent hospitalizations for pain control lifestyle modifications aimed at avoiding future injuries
lifestyle modifications aimed at avoiding future injuries
What does cyanosis, a blue color in the skin and nails, indicate? high fever low fever low oxygen levels high oxygen levels
low oxygen levels
Which is not a treatment for sinusitis? decongestants nasal endoscopy using a humidifier nasal corticosteroids
nasal endoscopy
A chemotherapy patient calls the cancer center's on-call nurse to report not feeling well and having a low grade fever. The nurse suspects she is suffering from polycythemia neutropenia hemolysis thrombocytopenia
neutropenia
What is the treatment for Hepatitis E? no treatment or vaccine immunoglobulin injections antivirals liver transplant
no treatment or vaccine
Causes of pancreatic cancer include all of the following except: diabetes obesity alcohol abuse cigarette smoking
obesity
A hiatal hernia is a common disorder in _________________. young adults middle-aged adults teenagers older adults
older adults
Which part of the digestive system has both endocrine and exocrine functions? appendix liver gallbladder pancreas
pancreas
The incidence of which type of cancer peaks in the 60s and is most common among older men? colon pancreatic esophageal stomach
pancreatic
You are helping to care for a patient who is severely anemic in the setting of a normal iron level. There is no elevation in serum bilirubin. The red blood cells are normal in size and shape. What would be the next step in determining the cause of this patient's anemia? measure B12 and folic acid levels assess for gastrointestinal bleeding perform a splenectomy perform kidney function tests
perform kidney function tests
Rhythmic, smooth muscle contractions of the intestinal wall is called _____________. peristalsis bile swallowing chyme
peristalsis
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distress are symptoms of anemia of chronic disease pernicious anemia hemolytic anemia iron deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia
The double-layered membrane that encases the lungs is called the __________. thoracic cavity chest wall pleura squamous epithelium
pleura
Clubbing of the fingers or toes is an indicator of ___________ and __________. circulatory problems, malnutrition poor oxygenation, a compromised immune system poor oxygenation, circulatory problems poor oxygenation, malnutrition
poor oxygenation, circulatory problems
What causes the pain and tissue damage associated with sickle cell anemia? red blood cells that cannot pass through blood vessels because of their abnormal shape, creating blockages shrinkage of blood vessels in response to toxins produced by abnormal cells the buildup of waste products from dead red blood cells damage to nerve cells resulting from decreased oxygenation
red blood cells that cannot pass through blood vessels because of their abnormal shape, creating blockages
Neutropenia can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis vitamin malabsorbtion trauma genetic disorders
rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose caused by an allergic reaction to an airborne substance is called allergic ____________. iritis phlebitis otitis rhinitis
rhinitis
What is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? inhalation of chemical fumes smoking cigarettes air pollution inhalation of dust particles
smoking cigarettes
Which of the following is not one of the accessory organs of the digestive system? gallbladder pancreas stomach liver
stomach
All of the following diseases have idiopathic, or unknown, causes except? regional enteritis chronic ulcerative colitis stomatitis cancer of the stomach
stomatitis
Surgery is a treatment option for all of the following diseases except? stomatitis appendicitis cancer of the mouth hiatal hernia
stomatitis
What is the treatment for cholecystitis? surgical removal immunoglobulin injections fluid replacement symptomatic treatment
surgical removal
The most common genetic disorder in the world is sickle cell anemia kleinfelter's syndrome hemophilia thalassemia
thalassemia
Clotting disorders are problems associated with hemostasis. What is the definition of hemostasis? platelet aggregation platelets in a resting state the arrest of bleeding abnormal bleeding
the arrest of bleeding
Where does digestion begin? the mouth the stomach the large intestine the small intestine
the mouth
Which is incorrect about measuring peak expiratory flow? a patient's peak flow can indicate how well their lungs are functioning it can be done at home without supervision the optimal peak expiratory flow is the same for everyone it gauges the maximum force with which a patient is capable of exhaling
the optimal peak expiratory flow is the same for everyone
Which part of the digestive system secretes hydrochloric acid? the large intestine the stomach the liver the small intestine
the stomach
Which of these statements about a person with a latent tuberculosis infection not accurate? the bacteria are present, but the person's immune system is able to keep them from growing they are immune from developing active TB they cannot spread the infection to others they are asymptomatic
they are immune from developing active TB
An emergency medical technician (EMT) has been called to the home of an elderly woman. Her children are very concerned because she fell in her carpeted bedroom and has multiple bruises (ecchymoses). They have also noticed little red spots on her skin lately but were not concerned until now. The EMT will be handle this patient very gently because he suspects she has neutropenia thrombocytopenia hemolytic anemia immune deficiency
thrombocytopenia
As air is being inhaled, which structure in the respiratory tract does it pass through after the larynx, but before the bronchi? trachea lungs pharynx nasal cavity
trachea
The digestive tract includes all of the following except: pharynx esophagus trachea large intestine
trachea
A hiatal hernia can be diagnosed by all of the following except: CT scan ultrasound x-ray endoscopy
ultrasound
What is a treatment option for chronic atrophic gastritis? avoiding irritants, drinking ice water, using antacid medications, and surgery to control bleeding antibiotics and managing the diet vitamin B12 supplements nonirritating diet, antacids, and acid-reducing medications
vitamin B12 supplements
You are a nurse at a hematology clinic. One of your patients is a 17-year-old boy with hemophilia. He hates to be at the doctor so frequently and often does not tell anyone when he has joint pain. You should encourage him to report his symptoms and explain that he could cure his hemophilia if he followed his medication regimen the problems in his joints could initiate responses in his immune system that make his hemophilia worse it would be better for him to take medications for the pain without proper treatment, the bleeding and inflammation in his joints could progress to severe disability
without proper treatment, the bleeding and inflammation in his joints could progress to severe disability
You are reading threads in an online health forum and find a question from a woman who suffers from Crohn's disease. She says the doctor told her she has low blood counts but didn't have time to explain it to her. She is feeling very tired and looking for things she could do to feel better. You see several responses. Which one do you agree with and encourage her to try? "I heard that taking extra vitamin C can help you absorb iron better so you can build your blood counts back up." "You should be checked for internal bleeding. That might be happening when you don't even know it." "If you have Crohn's disease, you have to take a lot of extra folic acid because you can only process a little bit of what you take in. You need folic acid for your blood." "I bet you have some kind of genetic problem that's messing up your bowels and your blood at the same time. You should have genetic testing."
"If you have Crohn's disease, you have to take a lot of extra folic acid because you can only process a little bit of what you take in. You need folic acid for your blood."
Global pandemics of the influenza virus occur approximately every ____________. 2-5 years 25-30 years 10-15 years 1-3 years
10-15 years
Which patient has a greater risk of developing complications from the flu? female, 72, with asthma and diabetes mellitus male, 60, with emphysema female, 4, in good health male, 40, with chronic bronchitis
female, 72, with asthma and diabetes mellitus
Which is a symptom of stomatitis? redness, ulcers, patches, and bleeding fever abnormal growths, sores dysphagia
redness, ulcers, patches, and bleeding
