http://gratisexam.com/ec-council/312-50/ECCouncil.BrainDumps.312-50.v2016-08-09.by.Worm.260q.pdf (V2)

QUESTION 249 It is possible to make the stack non-executable A. True B. False

A

The FIN flag is set and sent from host A to host B when host A has no more data to transmit (Closing a TCP connection). This flag releases the connection resources. However, host A can continue to receive data as long as the SYN sequence numbers of transmitted packets from host B are lower than the packet segment containing the set FIN flag A. True B. False

A

From a security perspective, there is no problem in using the '>>' operator. A. True B. False

B

Port scanning can be used as part of a technical assessment to determine network vulnerabilities. The TCP XMAS scan is used to identify listening ports on the targeted system. If a scanned port is open, what happens? A. The port will ignore the packets B. The port will send an RST C. The port will send a SYN D. The port will send an ACK

C

Splint is a source code analyzer that is capable of detecting a _____ A. XSRF B. XSS C. Buffer overflow D. SQL injection

C

Splint is a source code analyzer that is capable of detecting a ______ A. XSRF B. XSS C. Buffer overflow D. SQL injection

C

What's stack smashing? A. It's when code is executed from a default heap. B. It's when an attacker gets to a stack after they're done with the pumpkins. C. A buffer overflow that overwrites the return address D. The input of No Operation instruction code in a string

C

Which of the following are types of buffer overflow? A. Heap-based B. Stack-based C. Both Stack-based and Heap-based D. Dynamic-based

C

QUESTION 219 It is common for buffer overflows to occur in the heap memory space. Application dynamically allocates heap memory as needed through a function. This function is called what? A. strncopy() B. strprint() C. strcopy() D. malloc()

D

Stack buffer overflows are also known as _____. A. Stack smashing B. Address space layout randomization C. Shell injection D. NOP sled

D

Which of the following programming languages is not susceptible to a stack-based buffer overflow attack? A. C++ B. C C. Assembler D. Java

D

> NMAP -sn 192.168.11.200-215 The NMAP command above performs which of the following? A. A trace sweep B. An operating system detect C. A ping scan D. A port scan

c

This asymmetry cipher is based on factoring the product of two large prime numbers. What cipher is described above?A. RC5 B. MD5 C. RSA D. SHA

c

What does ICMP (type 11, code 0) denote? A. Source Quench B. Destination Unreachable C. Time Exceeded

c

What technique is used to ensure a buffer overflow will successfully execute the desired code by creating a padding in memory? A. NOP sled B. Heap spray C. Heap sled

A

When performing a buffer overflow attack against a system protected by SafeSEH - If the canary is known, an attacker could potentially pass the canary check code by overwriting the canary with its known value, and controlling information with mismatched values. A. True B. False

A

Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN? A. ESP transport B. mode AH Tunnel C. mode ESP D. AH promiscuous

A

Which of the following is designed to identify malicious attempts to penetrate systems? A. Intrusion Detection System B. Router C. Proxy D. Firewall

A

Which devices are causing difficulty for security administrators in the workplace to maintain secure networks? A. copiers B. laptops C. scanners D. Employees' personal devices

D

Which of these functions are vulnerable to buffer overflows? A. gets B. sprintf C. strcpy D. All of these

D

Which of these is the best defense against a buffer overflow attack? A. Dynamic runtime checks B. Stack execute invalidation C. Compiler tools D. Write secure code

D

In Risk Management, how is the term "likelihood" related to the concept of "threat?" A. Likelihood is a possible threat-source that may exploit a vulnerability. B. Likelihood is the likely source of a threat that could exploit a vulnerability. C. Likelihood is the probability that a vulnerability is a threat-source. D. Likelihood is the probability that a threat-source will exploit a vulnerability.

d

A common cryptographical tool is the use of XOR. XOR the following binary values: 10110001 00111010 A. 10001011 B. 11011000 C. 10111100 D. 10011101

A

A jailbroken iOS device is usually less secure than an unjailbroken iOS device. True or false? A. True B. False

A

A rooted Android device is usually less secure than an unrooted Android device. True or false? A. True B. False

A

A. The key entered is a symmetric key used to encrypt the wireless data. B. The key entered is a hash that is used to prove the integrity of the wireless data. C. The key entered is based on the Diffie-Hellman method. D. The key is an RSA key used to encrypt the wireless data

A

An effective countermeasure for Server Side Includes (SSI) is to use a preparser to filter out unauthorized SSI lines before passing it to the host. True or false? A. True B. False

A

As a countermeasure to buffer overflows, bounds checking should be performed. A. True B. False

A

Buffer overflows can be used to perform DoS attacks. True or false? A. True B. False

A

Canaries are known values that are placed between a buffer and control data on the stack to monitor buffer overflows. A. True B. False

A

During a recent security assessment, you discover the organization has one Domain Name Server (DNS) in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and a second DNS server on the internal network. What is this type of DNS configuration commonly called? A. Split DNS B. DNSSEC C. DNS Scheme D. DynDNS

A

In the case of C and C++ languages, there are no automatic bounds checks on buffers. A. True B. False

A

Initiating an attack against targeted businesses and organizations, threat actors compromise a carefully selected website by inserting an exploit resulting in malware infection. The attackers run exploits on well-known and trusted sites likely to be visited by their targeted victims. Aside from carefully choosing sites to compromise, these attacks are known to incorporate zero-day exploits that target unpatched vulnerabilities. Thus, the targeted entities are left with little or no defense against these exploits. What type of attack is outlined in the scenario? A. Watering Hole Attack B. Shellshock Attack C. Spear Phishing Attack D. Heartbleed Attack

A

It is a short-range wireless communication technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable of fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. It allows mobile phones, computers and other devices to connect and communicate using a short-range wireless connection. Which of the following terms best matches the definition? A. Bluetooth B. InfraRed C. Radio-Frequency Identification D. WLAN

A

It is possible to prevent buffer overflows by adding bounds checking to all buffers. A. True B. False

A

Joel and her team have been going through tons of garbage, recycled paper, and other rubbish in order to find Some information about the target they are attempting to penetrate. How would you call this type of activity? A. Dumpster Diving B. Scanning C. CI Gathering D. Garbage Scooping

A

More sophisticated IDSs look for common shellcode signatures. But even these systems can be bypassed, by using polymorphic shellcode. This is a technique common among virus writers? It basically hides the true nature of the shellcode in different disguises. How does a polymorphic shellcode work? A. They encrypt the shellcode by XORing values over the shellcode, using loader code to decrypt the shellcode, and then executing the decrypted shellcode B. They convert the shellcode into Unicode, using loader to convert back to machine code then executing them C. They reverse the working instructions into opposite order by masking the IDS signatures D. They compress shellcode into normal instructions, uncompressed the shellcode using loader code and then executing the shellcode

A

StackGuard can use the value of "0" as the canary value even though it is easily guessed by the attacker. A. True B. False

A

The "gray box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction? A. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester. B. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester. C. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester. D. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester

A

True or False: it is important to assess end-user security awareness on mobile devices. A. True B. False

A

Under the "Post-attack Phase and Activities," it is the responsibility of the tester to restore the systems to a pre-test state. Which of the following activities should not be included in this phase? Removing all files uploaded on the system I. Cleaning all registry entries II. Mapping of network state III. Removing all tools and maintaining backdoor for reporting A. III B. III and IV C. IV D. All should be included

A

Using a swipe code is one way to increase mobile device security A. True B. False

A

What is the benefit of performing an unannounced Penetration Testing? A. It is best approach to catch critical infrastructure unpatched. B. The tester could easily acquire a complete overview of the infrastructure of the organization. C. The tester will get a clearer picture of measures applied to information and system security of the organization. D. The tester can test the response capabilities of the target organization.

A

What technique is used to ensure a buffer overflow will successfully execute the desired code by creating a padding in memory? A. NOP sled B. Heap sled C. Heap spray

A

Which of the following tools can be used for passive OS fingerprinting? A. tracert B. ping C. nmap D. tcpdump

A

Which of the following types of firewalls ensures that the packets are part of the established session? A. Stateful inspection firewall B. Application-level firewall C. Circuit-level firewall D. Switch-level firewall

A

Which of these is NOT a countermeasure against a buffer overflow attack? A. All of the choices are countermeasures against a buffer overflow attack B. Canary (security cookie) C. Address space layout randomization D. Setting the NX bit

A

Windows Phone 8 devices boot with Secure UEFI. True or false? A. True B. False

A

You have several plain-text firewall logs that you must review to evaluate network traffic. You know that in order to do fast, efficient searches of the logs you must use regular expressions. Which command-line utility are you most likely to use? A. Grep B. Relational Database C. Notepad D. MS Excel

A

You've just been hired to perform a pen test on an organization that has been subjected to a large-scale attack. The CIO is concerned with mitigating threats and vulnerabilities to totally eliminate risk. What is one of the first things you should do when given the job? A. Explain to the CIO that you cannot eliminate all risk, but you will be able to reduce risk to acceptable levels. B. Interview all employees in the company to rule out possible insider threats C. Establish attribution to suspected attackers D. Start the Wireshark application to start sniffing network traffic.

A

How do you defend against Privilege Escalation? (Choose 4) A. Use encryption to protect sensitive data B. Restrict the interactive logon privileges C. Run services as unprivileged accounts D. Allow security settings of IE to zero or Low E. Run users and applications on the least privileges

ABCE

What is the best way a designer can mitigate buffer overflow from occurring in their code? Choose all that apply. A. Use a protocol robustness test to verify the code meets qualifications for proper boundary and common key stroke entries. B. Write code without boundary scans. C. Write code that uses C++ and everything will be great, no worries. D. Write code using boundary checks within the code.

AD

What is the best way a designer can mitigate buffer overflow from occurring in their code? Choose all that apply. A. Write code using boundary checks within the code. B. Write code without boundary scans. C. Write code that uses C++ and everything will be great, no worries. D. Use a protocol robustness test to verify the code meets qualifications for proper boundary and common key stroke entries.

AD

Which of the following languages are the primary targets of cross-site scripting? (Choose two.) A. HTML B. SQL C. XSLT D. Javascript

AD

Which of the following programming languages are less vunerable to buffer overflow attacks? (select 3) A. Ruby B. C C. C++ D. Assembly E. Java F. Python

AEF

Attackers may place a Null Operation (NOP) instruction code at the beginning of a string in the buffer overflow attack process. True or false? A. True B. False

B

Jesse receives an email with an attachment labeled "Court_Notice_21206.zip". Inside the zip file is a file named "Court_Notice_21206.docx.exe" disguised as a word document. Upon execution, a window appears stating, "This word document is corrupt." In the background, the file copies itself to Jesse APPDATA\local directory and begins to beacon to a C2 server to download additional malicious binaries. What type of malware has Jesse encountered? A. Macro Virus B. Trojan C. Key-Logger D. Worm

B

What's stack smashing? A. The input of No Operation instruction code in a string B. A buffer overflow that overwrites the return address C. It's when code is executed from a default heap. D. It's when an attacker gets to a stack after they're done with the pumpkins.

B

A security engineer has been asked to deploy a secure remote access solution that will allow employees to connect to the company's internal network. Which of the following can be implemented to minimize the opportunity for the man-in-the-middle attack to occur? A. SSL B. Mutual authentication C. IPSec D. Static IP addresses

C

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly malicious sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network's external DMZ. The packet traffic was captured by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file. What type of network tool can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or simply a false positive? A. Protocol analyzer B. Network sniffer C. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) D. Vulnerability scanner

C

Firewalk has just completed the second phase (the scanning phase) and a technician receives the output shown below. What conclusions can be drawn based on these scan results? TCP port 21 no response TCP port 22 no response TCP port 23 Time-to- live exceeded. A. The firewall itself is blocking ports 21 through 23 and a service is listening on port 23 of the target host. B. The lack of response from ports 21 and 22 indicate that those services are not running on the destination server. C. The scan on port 23 passed through the filtering device. This indicates that port 23 was not blocked at the firewall. D. The scan on port 23 was able to make a connection to the destination host prompting the firewall to respond with a TTL error.

C

In StackGuard, whenever a function is called, code is added that pushes a small value called a ___ value over to the stack. A. Stackgap B. Runtime bound checkers C. Canary D. CRED

C

In the C++ Object-oriented programming language, which of these situations can result in a buffer overflow? A. When an object returns a null (empty) value B. When a program fails to compile properly C. When a program returns an incorrect output D. When the length of some input data is not correctly checked

C

Which of the following defines the role of a root Certificate Authority (CA) in a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)? A. The root CA is the recovery agent used to encrypt data when a user's certificate is lost. B. The root CA stores the user's hash value for safekeeping. C. The CA is the trusted root that issues certificates. D. The root CA is used to encrypt email messages to prevent unintended disclosure of data.

C

Which of these attacks does bounds checking prevent: A. SQL injection B. DoS C. Buffer overflow D. Memory overflow

C

Which of these is the best defense against a buffer overflow attack? A. Stack execute invalidation B. Compiler tools C. Write secure code D. Dynamic runtime checks

C

Which programming language is the most likely to be susceptible to a buffer overflow attack? A. Java B. Python C. C D. C#

C

A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS? Starting NMAP 5.21 at 2011-03-15 11:06 NMAP scan report for 172.16.40.65 Host is up (1.00s latency).Not shown: 993 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/ tcp open ftp 23/tcp open telnet 80/tcp open http 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 515/tcp open 631/tcp open ipp 9100/tcp open MAC Address: 00:00:48:0D:EE:8 A. The host is likely a Windows machine B. The host is likely a Linux machine. C. The host is likely a router. D. The host is likely a printer.

D

Which of these should be avoided to prevent a buffer overflow: A. streadd() B. strcpy() C. strcat() D. All of these

D

You are performing a penetration test. You achieved access via a buffer overflow exploit and you proceed to find interesting data, such as files with usernames and passwords. You find a hidden folder that has the administrators bank account password and login information for the administrators bitcoin account. What should you do? A. Transfer money from the administrator's account to another account B. Report immediately to the administrator C. Do not transfer the money but steal the bitcoins D. Do not report it immediately, continue the penetration test, and add it to the report submitted when testing is complete

D

What does Cross-Site Scripting allow an attacker to do to a computer system? A. Defend themselves B. Call people C. Agree with policies D. Delete information E. Inject script into web pages

E

What is considered to be a violation of memory safety? A. HTML B. Null Characters C. C++ D. Programming language E. Buffer Overrun

E

An attacker has installed a RAT on a host. The attacker wants to ensure that when a user attempts to go to "www.MyPersonalBank.com", that the user is directed to a phishing site. Which file does the attacker need to modify? A. Hosts B. Sudoers C. Boot.ini D. Networks

a

It is a kind of malware (malicious software) that criminals install on your computer so they can lock it from a remote location. This malware generates a pop-up window, webpage, or email warning from what looks like an official authority. It explains that your computer has been locked because of possible illegal activities on it and demands payment before you can access your files and programs again. Which of the following terms best matches the definition? A. Ransomware B. Spyware C. Riskware D. Adware

a

Virtual Private Networks (VPN) over a Frame Relay network. Which AAA protocol is most likely able to handle this requirement? A. RADIUS B. Kerberos C. DIAMETER D. TACACS+

a

What is the best description of SQL Injection? A. It is an attack used to gain unauthorized access to a database. B. It is an attack used to modify code in an application. C. It is a Man-in-the-Middle attack between your SQL Server and Web App Server. D. It is a Denial of Service Attack.

a

Which of the following countermeasure can specifically protect against both the MAC Flood and MAC Spoofing attacks? A. Configure Port Security on the switch. B. Configure Port Recon on the switch C. Configure Switch Mapping D. Configure Multiple Recognition on the switch

a

Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems? A. Social Engineering B. Eavesdropping C. Scanning D. Sniffing

a

Which of the following terms best matches the definition? A. Threat B. Attack C. Vulnerability D. Risk

a

Which of the following tools is used to analyze the files produced by several packet-capture programs such as tcpdump, WinDump, Wireshark, and EtherPeek? A. tcptrace B. Tcptraceroute C. OpenVAS D. Nessus

a

standard FMS attack along with some optimizations like KoreK attacks, as well as the PTW attack, thus making the attack much faster compared to other WEP cracking tools. Which of the following tools is being described? A. Aircrack-ng B. Wificracker C. Airguard D. WLAN-crack

a

you attempt to fingerprint all machines in the network using the nmap syntax below, it is not going through. invictus@victim_server: ~$ nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24 TCP/IP fingerprinting (for OS scan) xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. QUITTING! What seems to be wrong? A. OS Scan requires root privileges. B. The nmap syntax is wrong. C. This is a common behavior for a corrupted nmap application. D. The outgoing TCP/IP fingerprinting is blocked by the host firewall

a

A network administrator discovers several unknown files in the root directory of his Linux FTP server. One of the files is a tarball, two are shell script files, and the third is a binary file is named "nc." The FTP server's access logs show that the anonymous user account logged in to the server, uploaded the files, and extracted the contents of the tarball and ran the script using a function provided by the FTP server's software. The ps command shows that the nc file is running as process, and the netstat command shows the nc process is listening on a network port. What kind of vulnerability must be present to make this remote attack possible? A. File system permissions B. Directory traversal C. Brute force login D. Privilege escalation

b

Hacker wants to break into Brown Co.'s computers and obtain their secret double fudge cookie recipe. Jack calls Jane, an accountant at Brown Co., pretending to be an administrator from Brown Co. Jack tells Jane that there has been a problem with some accounts and asks her to verify her password with him ''just to double check our records.'' Jane does not suspect anything amiss, and parts with her password. Jack can now access Brown Co.'s computers with a valid user name and password, to steal the cookie recipe. What kind of attack is being illustrated here? A. Reverse Psychology Reverse Engineering B. Social Engineering C. Spoofing Identity D. Faking Identity

b

How does the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) work? A. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the domain name from a specific IP. B. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific IP. C. It sends a reply packet for a specific IP, asking for the MAC address. D. It sends a reply packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific IP.

b

It is a regulation that has a set of guidelines, which should be adhered to by anyone who handles any electronic medical data. These guidelines stipulate that allmedical practices must ensure that all necessary measures are in place while saving, accessing, and sharing any electronic medical data to keep patient data secure. Which of the following regulations best matches the description? A. ISO/IEC 27002 B. HIPAA C. FISMA D. COBIT

b

Risks = Threats x Vulnerabilities is referred to as the: A. Threat assessment B. Risk equation C. BIA equation D. Disaster recovery formula

b

TCP SYN Flood attack uses the three-way handshake mechanism. 1. An attacker at system A sends a SYN packet to victim at system B. 2. System B sends a SYN/ACK packet to victim A. 3. As a normal three-way handshake mechanism system A should send an ACK packet to system B, however, system A does not send an ACK packet to system B. In this case client B is waiting for an ACK packet from client A. This status of client B is called ____________ A. "half-closed" B. "half open" C. "full-open" D. "xmas-open"

b

The Heartbleed bug was discovered in 2014 and is widely referred to under MITRE's Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) as CVE- 2014- 0160. This bug affects the OpenSSL implementation of the transport layer security (TLS) protocols defined in RFC6520. What type of key does this bug leave exposed to the Internet making exploitation of any compromised system very easy? A. Root B. Private C. Public D. Shared

b

This type of Port Scanning technique splits TCP header into several packets so that the packet filters are not able to detect what the packets intends to do? A. UDP Scanning B. IP Fragment Scanning C. Inverse TCP flag scanning D. ACK flag scanning

b

What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography? A. Collision attacks try to get the public key B. Collision attacks try to find two inputs producing the same hash. C. Collision attacks try to break the hash into two parts, with the same bytes in each part to get the private key. D. Collision attacks try to break the hash into three parts to get the plaintext value

b

When you are collecting information to perform a data analysis, Google commands are very useful to find sensitive information and files. These files may contain information about passwords, system functions, or documentation. What command will help you to search files using Google as a search engine? A. inurl: target.com filename:xls username password email B. site: target.com filetype:xls username password email site: C. target.com file:xls username password email domain: D. target.com archive:xls username password email

b

When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP Methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, and TRACE) that are available because there are two critical methods (PUT and DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the server. You can detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) using NMAP script engine. What nmap script will help you with this task? A. http-git B. http-methods C. http-headers D. http enum

b

Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack? A. Bluedriving B. Bluesmacking C. Bluesnarfing D. Bluejacking

b

Which of the following is the least-likely physical characteristic to be used in biometric control that supports a large company? A. Fingerprints B. Height and Weight C. Iris patterns D. Voice

b

Which of these options is the most secure procedure for storing backup tapes? A. In a cool dry environment B. In a climate controlled facility offsite C. Inside the data center for faster retrieval in a fireproof safe D. On a different floor in the same building

b

Will buffer overflows lead to remote code executions. A. True B. False

b

You are attempting to man-in-the-middle a session. Which protocol will allow you to guess a sequence number? A. ICMP B. TCP C. UPX D. UPD

b

You are performing information gathering for an important penetration test. You have found pdf, doc, and images in your objective. You decide to extract metadata from these files and analyze it. What tool will help you with the task? A. cdpsnarf B. Metagoofil C. Armitage D. Dimitry

b

You are using NMAP to resolve domain names into IP addresses for a ping sweep later. Which of the following commands looks for IP addresses? A. >host -t AXFR hackeddomain.com B. >host -t a hackeddomain.com C. >host -t soa hackeddomain.com D. >host -t ns hackeddomain.com

b

You have successfully compromised a machine on the network and found a server that is alive on the same network. You tried to ping it but you didn't get any response back. What is happening? A. The ARP is disabled on the target server. B. ICMP could be disabled on the target server. C. TCP/IP doesn't support ICMP. D. You need to run the ping command with root privileges

b

A company's security policy states that all Web browsers must automatically delete their HTTP browser cookies upon terminating. What sort of security breach is this policy attempting to mitigate? A. Attempts by attackers to determine the user's Web browser usage patterns, including when sites were visited and for how long. B. Attempts by attackers to access passwords stored on the user's computer without the user's knowledge. C. Attempts by attackers to access Web sites that trust the Web browser user by stealing the user's authentication credentials. D. Attempts by attackers to access the user and password information stored in the company's SQL database.

c

A hacker has successfully infected an internet-facing server which he will then use to send junk mail, take part in coordinated attacks, or host junk email content. Which sort of Trojan infects this server? A. Turtle Trojans B. Ransomware Trojans C. Botnet Trojan D. Banking Trojans

c

An attacker gains access to a Web server's database and displays the contents of the table that holds all of the names, passwords, and other user information. The attacker did this by entering information into the Web site's user login page that the software's designers did not expect to be entered. This is an example of what kind of software design problem? A. Insufficient security management B. Insufficient exception handling C. Insufficient database hardening D. Insufficient input validation

c

It is a vulnerability in GNU's bash shell, discovered in September of 2014 that gives attackers access to run remote commands on a vulnerable system. The malicious software can take control of an infected machine, launch denial-of-service attacks to disrupt websites, and scan for other vulnerable devices (including routers). Which of the following vulnerabilities is being described? A. Shellbash B. Rootshock C. Shellshock D. Rootshellc

c

Nation-state threat actors often discover vulnerabilities and hold on to them until they want to launch a sophisticated attack. The Sutxnet attack was an unprecedented style of attack because it used four types of vulnerability. What is this style of attack called? A. zero-sum B. no-day C. zero-day D. zero-hour

c

QUESTION 165 A company's Web development team has become aware of a certain type of security vulnerability in their Web software. To mitigate the possibility of this vulnerability being exploited, the team wants to modify the software requirements to disallow users from entering HTML as input into their Web application. What kind of Web application vulnerability likely exists in their software? A. Cross-site Request Forgery vulnerability B. SQL injection vulnerability C. Cross-site scripting vulnerability D. Session management vulnerability

c

Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets to the target computer, making it very Difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks? A. Burp B. Hydra C. Whisker D. TCP splice

c

The "black box testing" methodology enforces which kind of restriction? A. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester. B. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester. C. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester. D. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.

c

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is the worldwide not- for-profit charitable organization focused on improving the security of software. What item is the primary concern on OWASP's Top Ten Project Most Critical Web Application Security Risks? A. Cross Site Scripting B. Cross Site Request Forgery C. Injection D. Path disclosure

c

This IDS defeating technique works by splitting a datagram (or packet) into multiple fragments and the IDS will not spot the true nature of the fully assembled datagram. The datagram is not reassembled until it reaches its final destination. It would be a processor-intensive task for IDS to reassemble all fragments itself, and on a busy system the packet will slip through the IDS onto the network. What is this technique called? A. IP Routing or Packet Dropping B. IDS Spoofing or Session Assembly C. IP Fragmentation or Session D. Splicing IP Splicing or Packet Reassembly

c

To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program. What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing? A. Mutating B. Randomizing C. Fuzzing D. Bounding

c

To maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, a security audit of the systems on a network must be performed to determine their compliance with security policies. Which one of the following tools would most likely be used in such an audit? A. Intrusion Detection System B. Protocol analyzer C. Vulnerability scanner D. Port scanner

c

Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed via a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion Detection Systems. The security concept of "separation of duties" is most similar to the operation of which type of security device? A. Bastion host B. Honeypot C. Firewall D. Intrusion Detection System

c

When you return to your desk after a lunch break, you notice a strange email in your inbox. The sender is someone you did business with recently, but the subject line has strange characters in it. What should you do? A. Delete the email and pretend nothing happened. B. Reply to the sender and ask them for more information about the message contents. C. Forward the message to your company's security response team and permanently delete the message from your computer. D. Forward the message to your supervisor and ask for her opinion on how to handle the situation.

c

Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort? A. Rainbow tables B. Shoulder surfing C. Brute force D. Dictionary attack

c

Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus? A. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code B. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the actual program C. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of the MBR D. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the MBR

c

Which of the following is considered the best way to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from Web application vulnerabilities? A. Use a security token to log into all Web applications that use PII B. Use full disk encryption on all hard drives to protect PII C. Use encrypted communications protocols to transmit PII D. Store all PII in encrypted format

c

Which of the following is one of the most effective ways to prevent Cross- site Scripting (XSS) flaws in software applications? A. Use digital certificates to authenticate a server prior to sending data B. Use security policies and procedures to define and implement proper security settings C. Validate and escape all information sent to a server D. Verify access right before allowing access to protected information and UI controls

c

Which of the following parameters describe LM Hash? I - The maximum password length is 14 characters. II - There are no distinctions between uppercase and lowercase. III - The password is split into two 7-byte halves. A. I B. II C. I, II and III D. I and II

c

Which tool allows analysts and pen testers to examine links between data using graphs and link analysis? A. Wireshark B. Cain & Abel C. Maltego D. Metasploit

c

You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99) has snort installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has kiwi syslog installed. You perform a syn scan in your network, and you notice that kiwi syslog is not receiving the alert message from snort. You decide to run Wireshark in the snort machine to check if the messages are going to the kiwi syslog machine. What Wireshark filter will show the connections from the snort machine to kiwi syslog machine? A. tcp.dstport==514 && ip.dst==192.168.0.99 B. tcp.srcport==514 && ip.src==192.168.150 C. tcp.dstport==514 && ip.dst==192.168.0.150 D. tcp.srcport==514 && ip.src==192.168.0.99

c

You are performing a penetration test. You achieved access via a buffer overflow exploit and you proceed to find interesting data, such as files with usernames and passwords. You find a hidden folder that has the administrator's bank account password and login information for the administrator's bitcoin account. What should you do? A. Transfer money from the administrator's account to another account B. Do not report it and continue the penetration test C. Report immediately to the administrator D. Do not transfer the money but steal the bitcoins

c

You are the Systems Administrator for a large corporate organization. You need to monitor all network traffic on your local network for suspicious activities and receive notifications when an attack is occurring. Which tool would allow you to accomplish this goal? A. Firewall B. Proxy C. Network-based D. IDS Host-based IDS

c

You have compromised a server and successfully gained a root access. You want to pivot and pass traffic undetected over the network and evade any possible Intrusion Detection System. What is the best approach? A. Install and use Telnet to encrypt all outgoing traffic from this server. B. Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server. C. Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server

c

which one of these BEST describes a Buffer Overflow attack that allows access to a remote system? A. The attacker attempts to have the receiving server pass information to a back-end database from which it can compromise the stored information B. The attacker overwhelms a system or application, causing a crash and bringing the server down to cause an outage C. The attacker overwhelms a system or application, causing it to crash, and then redirects the memory address to read from a location holding the payload D. The attacker attempts to have the receiving server run a payload using programming commonly found on web servers

c

A medium-sized healthcare IT business decides to implement a risk management strategy. Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic responses to risk? A. Avoid B. Mitigate C. Accept D. Delegate

d

A regional bank hires your company to perform a security assessment on their network after a recent data breach. The attacker was able to steal financial data from the bank by compromising only a single server. Based on this information, what should be one of your key recommendations to the bank? A. Require all employees to change their anti-virus program with a new one B. Move the financial data to another server on the same IP subnet C. Issue new certificates to the web servers from the root certificate authority D. Place a front-end web server in a demilitarized zone that only handles external web traffic

d

HTTP traffic is unimpeded. What type of firewall is inspecting outbound traffic? A. Packet Filtering B. Application C. Circuit D. Stateful

d

In 2007, this wireless security algorithm was rendered useless by capturing packets and discovering the passkey in a matter of seconds. This security flaw led to a network invasion of TJ Maxx and data theft through a technique known as war driving. Which Algorithm is this referring to? A. Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) B. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) C. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) D. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

d

Ricardo wants to send secret messages to a competitor company. To secure these messages, he uses a technique of hiding a secret message within an ordinary message. The technique provides 'security through obscurity'. What technique is Ricardo using? A. Encryption B. Public-key cryptography C. RSA algorithm D. Steganography

d

The "white box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction? A. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester. B. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester. C. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester. D. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.

d

The configuration allows a wired or wireless network interface controller to pass all traffic it receives to the central processing unit (CPU), rather than passing only the frames that the controller is intended to receive. Which of the following is being described? A. Port forwarding B. Multi-cast mode C. WEP D. promiscuous mode

d

The purpose of a networks and other information assets by unauthorized wireless devices. A. Wireless Access Control List B. Wireless Analyzer C. Wireless Access Point D. Wireless Jammer

d

Which of the following is the BEST way to defend against network sniffing? A. Use Static IP Address B. Register all machines MAC Address in a Centralized Database C. Restrict Physical Access to Server Rooms hosting Critical Servers D. Using encryption protocols to secure network communications

d

Which of the following is the greatest threat posed by backups? A. A backup is incomplete because no verification was performed B. A backup is unavailable during disaster recovery C. A backup is the source of Malware or illicit information. D. An un-encrypted backup can be misplaced or stolen

d

Which of the following security operations is used for determining the attack surface of an organization? A. Using configuration management to determine when and where to apply security patches B. Training employees on the security policy regarding social engineering C. Reviewing the need for a security clearance for each employee D. Running a network scan to detect network services in the corporate DMZ

d

Which of the following statements regarding ethical hacking is incorrect? A. Ethical hacking should not involve writing to or modifying the target systems. B. An organization should use ethical hackers who do not sell vendor hardware/software or other consulting services. C. Testing should be remotely performed offsite. D. Ethical hackers should never use tools or methods that have the potential of exploiting vulnerabilities in an organization's systems.

d

Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including dangerous files and CGIs? A. Dsniff B. John the Ripper C. Snort D. Nikto

d

Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and organizations? A. EU Safe Harbor B. PCI-DSS C. HIPAA D. NIST-800-53

d

While using your bank's online servicing you notice the following string in the URL bar: http://www.MyPersonalBank.com/account?id=368940911028389&Damount=10980&Camount=21" You observe that if you modify the Damount & Camount values and submit the request, that data on the web page reflect the changes. Which type of vulnerability is present on this site? A. Cookie Tampering B. XSS Reflection C. SQL injection D. Web Parameter Tampering

d

You are logged in as a local admin on a Windows 7 system and you need to launch the Computer Management Console from command line. Which command would you use? A. c:\ncpa.cpl B. c:\services.msc C. c:\gpedit D. c:\compmgmt.msc

d

You have successfully gained access to a linux server and would like to ensure that the succeeding outgoing traffic from this server will not be caught by a Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). What is the best way to evade the NIDS? A. Out of band signaling B. Alternate Data Streams C. Protocol Isolation D. Encryption

d

Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network. What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows- based computer? A. Use the built-in Windows Update tool B. Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation C. Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings D. Use a scan tool like Nessus

d

Your team has won a contract to infiltrate an organization. The company wants to have the attack be as realistic as possible; therefore, they did not provide any information besides the company name. What should be the first step in security testing the client? A. Scanning B. Enumeration C. Escalation D. Reconnaissance

d