Human Anatomy

Click and drag on elements in order Sequence the structures surrounding the brain, from superficial to deep, in a region where a dural venous sinus is present. Instructions Meningeal layer of dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater CSF in subarachnoid space Periosteal layer of dura mater Blood in dural venous sinus

1. Periosteal layer of dura mater 2. Blood in dural venous sinus 3. Meningeal layer of dura mater 4. Arachnoid mater 5. CSF in subarachnoid space 6. Pia mater

Choose the functions of the CSF. Electrical activity Buoyancy Environmental stability Blood-brain barrier

Buoyancy Environmental stability Protection

The _____ protects nervous tissue from chemical fluctuations that would disrupt neuron function. blood CSF endolymph

CSF

The ______ acts as a "movement buffer" to slow the movements of the brain when we move suddenly and forcefully. blood CSF air

CSF

______ acts as cushioning fluid that floats the brain. Blood CSF

CSF

______ is continuously removed from the subarachnoid space so that it will not accumulate. Blood CSF Lymph

CSF

CSF provides a(n) ______ to protect delicate neural structures from sudden movements. liquid cushion air cushion solid cushion

liquid cushion

The paired cerebral hemispheres are separated by a deep _______ fissure.

longitudinal

The falx cerebri projects into the ______. transverse fissure lateral cerebral sulcus longitudinal fissure

longitudinal fissure

A lot of area on the motor homunculus is devoted to the hands because there are many ______ devoted to the muscles that move the hand and fingers. sensory receptors areas of white matter motor units motor nuclei

m

The ______ layer of the dura mater lies deep to the ______ layer. meningeal, periosteal periosteal, meningeal

meningeal, periosteal

The protective membranes that surround, stabilize and partition parts of the brain are called the cranial __________.

meninges

The white matter derives its color from _______.

myelin

The central white matter lies deep to cerebral cortex and is composed of _____. myelinated axons cell bodies and dendrites unmyelinated axons

myelinated axons

Ventricles of the brain are cavities that are derived from the lumen of the embryonic ______. notochord yolk sac mesoderm neural tube

neural tube

CSF transports ______ and chemicals to the brain. blood air nutrients

nutrients

The primary olfactory cortex is located in the _________ lobe.

temporal

The ______ cerebelli lies between the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum. falx tentorium diaphragma

tentorium

The _________ cerebelli forms a dural 'tent' over the cerebellum.

tentorium

Within the diencephalon is a smaller ventricle called the ________ ventricle.

third

The lateral ventricles communicate with the ______ ventricle through an opening called the ______ foramen. fifth, magnum third, interventricular fourth, ventricular

third, interventricular

The motor speech area is responsible for controlling movements necessary for ______. vocalization smell understanding words vision

vocalization

The ______ matter lies deep to the ______ matter of the cortex of the brain. gray, white white, gray

white, gray

The _______ is located within the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. primary auditory cortex primary somatosensory cortex primary motor cortex

Primary motor cortex

Our ______ Cavity limits the size of the brain, so the tissue on the brain's outer surface has folded on to itself so that more neurons could fit.

Skull

The primary olfactory cortex provides conscious awareness of ______. vision movement smells taste hearing

Smells

True or false: The primary visual area (cortex) interprets incoming visual information. True False

T

Which of the following is NOT one of the major regions of the brain? Diencephalon Cerebellum Cerebrum

Thalamus

When we look at a face, the primary visual cortex receives bits of visual information but the ______ area is responsible for integrating all of this information into a recognizable picture of a face. visual association auditory association

Visual

The ______ tracts extend between the cerebral hemispheres through axon bridges. association projection commissural

commissural

The premotor cortex has many functions including ______. coordinating skilled activities discriminating different sounds moving the eyes while reading a book or playing the piano discriminating different faces coordinating learned activities

coordinating skilled activities moving the eyes while reading a book or playing the piano coordinating learned activities

The largest of the white matter tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres is the ________ callosum.

corpus

What are the white matter tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres? Septum pellucidum Corpus striatum Corpus callosum

corpus callosum

Double layers of dura mater that extend into the cranial cavity are called ______. blood-brain barriers cranial dural septa arachnoid villi

cranial dural septa

The pia mater is the ______ layer of the meninges. deepest most superficial

deepest

The most superficial layer of the meninges is the ______ mater. dura pia

dura

During the ______ week of development, the five secondary brain vesicles form. fifth fourth sixth

fith

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into ______ lobes. five four two

five

The brain ______ in the CSF. floats sinks

floats

There are ______ ventricles in the brain; ______ of them are lateral ventricles. two, four four, three four, two four

four, two

The ___________ ventricle is located between the pons/medulla and the cerebellum.

fourth

The cerebrum is composed of two large __________ , which are easily identified on the superior aspect of the brain.

hemispheres

The two cerebral hemispheres appear as anatomic mirror images, but they display some functional differences, termed ______. hemispheric lateralization corpus callosum hemispheric dominance

hemispheric lateralization

The primary motor cortex innervation to various body parts can be diagrammed as a motor ________ .

homunculus

Sequence the structures surrounding the brain, from superficial to deep, in a region where dural venous sinuses are absent. Instructions Periosteal layer of dura mater Cranial bone CSF in subarachnoid space Arachnoid mater Meningeal layer of dura mater Pia mater

1. cranial bone 2. periosteal layer of dura matter 3. meningeal layer of dura mater 4. arachnoid mater 5. csf in subarachnoid space 6. pia mater

Which of the meninges is the strongest? Dura Pia Arachnoid

Dura

The portions of the brain that are responsible for controlling speech and understanding written words and speech are often located in the ______. left hemisphere longitudinal fissure corpus callosum

Left hemisphere

The blood-brain barrier is not absolute. Choose the items that can pass through this barrier. Some anesthetics Nicotine All Hormones Alcohol All chemotherapy drugs All Metabolic waste

Nicotine Alcohol Some anethetics

Choose what is most important in determining intelligence. Number of active neurons Number of cubic centimeters

Number of active neurons

Which lobe contains the primary somatosensory area? Parietal Temporal Occipital Frontal

Parietal

From deep to superficial, the cranial meninges are the ________ mater,_________ mater and dura mater.

Pia Arachnoid

What is one of the important features of the frontal lobe? Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Central sulcus

Precentral gyrus

The parietal lobe of the cerebrum is involved with ______. sensory function evaluating shape of objects hearing recognizing the texture of objects vision

Recognizing the texture of objects evaluating shape of objects sensory function

Which is not a lobe of the cerebrum? Frontal Parietal Occipital Sphenoid

Sphenoid

Which lobe of the cerebrum lies inferior to the lateral sulcus and underlies the temporal bone? Occipital Frontal Parietal Temporal

Temporal

The cerebral nuclei are also called the basal nuclei and sometimes are incorrectly called the basal ganglia. Why is this incorrect? The term ganglia refers to clusters of cell bodies in the PNS. The term ganglia refers to clusters of cell bodies in the CNS. The term nucleus refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS.

The term ganglia refers to clusters of cell bodies in the PNS.

By the late fourth week of development, ______ primary brain vesicles have formed. five three four

Three

True or false: CSF helps to float the brain. True False

True

True or false: The primary auditory cortex receives and processes auditory information. True False

True

True or false: The ventricles of the brain are continuous with one another as well as with the central canal of the spinal cord.

True

The prominent commissural tracts that link the cerebral hemispheres include ______. anterior commissure posterior commissure insula internal capsule corpus callosum

anterior commissure posterior commissure corpus callosum

The __________ mater means "resembling a spider web".

arachnoid

Most of the sensory information the cerebral hemispheres receive and send ______. go to the left hemisphere last c go to the right hemisphere first

are from the opposite side of the body

The pia mater is made of ______ that is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the brain. areolar connective tissue reticular connective tissue dense fibrous connective tissue adipose tissue

areolar connective tissue

Longitudinal fasciculi are parts of ______ tracts. projection association gray commissural

association

The type of tract that connects the primary motor cortex to the premotor area is a(n) _______ tract. commissural projection association

assosiation

Cells called ________ act as "gatekeepers" that permit materials to pass to the neurons of the brain from the capillaries.

astrocytes

When you get a song 'stuck in your head', it is the ______ that is responsible. somatosensory association area auditory association area somatosensory cortex

auditory association area

There is a ______ brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain. neuron blood meninges

blood

There is a ______ brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain. . blood meninges neuron

blood

When a person begins to walk, the neurons in the ______ stimulate the appropriate muscles to produce the pattern and rhythm of arm and leg movements associated with walking. caudate nucleus corpus striatum amygdala hypothalamus

caudate nucleus

The fourth ventricle merges with the ______. lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres dural venous sinuses central canal of the spinal cord

central canal of the spinal cord

Viewed superiorly, the cerebrum is divided into right and left ______. cerebral sulci diencephalons cerebellar hemispheres cerebral hemispheres

cerebral hemisphere

The ______ are paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres. cerebral nuclei lateral ventricles association tracts

cerebral nuclei

The _____ is the location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions. cerebrum brainstem thalamus

cerebrum

The four major parts of the adult brain are the ___________, diencephalon, the brainstem and the cerebellum.

cerebrum

The arachnoid mater is the ______ of the meninges. middle layer most superficial deepest

middle layer

The dura mater is the ______ layer of the meninges. most superficial middle deepest

most superficial

The Wernicke area works together with the ______ in order for fluent communication to occur. premotor area auditory association area motor speech area primary auditory area

motor speech area

The primary visual area is located in the _______ lobe. frontal occipital parietal temporal

occipital

The _________ lobe of the cerebrum is the location of the postcentral gyrus.

pariental

The superoposterior part of each cerebral hemisphere is the ______ lobe. frontal pariental temporal occipital

pariental

The more superficial layer of the dura mater, the __________ layer, forms the periosteum on the internal surface of the cranial bones.

periosteal

The more superficial layer of the dura mater, the______ layer, forms the periosteum on the internal surface of the cranial bones

periosteal

The frontal lobe is primarily concerned with ______. planning and personality somatosensory functions decision making verbal communication voluntary motor functions

planning and personality decision making verbal communication voluntary motor functions

The motor homunculus is located on the ________ gyrus. lateral cerebral central postcentral precentral

precentral

The ______ cortex is located in the frontal lobe immediately anterior to the precentral gyrus. occipital somatosensory premotor auditory

premotor

The innervation of the ______ cortex to various body parts can be diagrammed as a motor homunculus. primary motor primary auditory primary visual

primary motor

The two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane partition called the________ pellucidum.

septum

Without the CSF to support the brain, it would ______. keep growing sink through the foramen magnum merge and grow into the surrounding skull

sink through the foramen magnum

Select all that apply The temporal lobe is involved ______. smell hearing somatosensory function motor function vision

smell hearing

The primary _______ cortex is housed within the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes.

somantosensory

A sensory area known as the ______ association area allows us to identify objects when our eyes are closed. visual auditory somatosensory motor

somatosensory

Between the arachnoid and pia mater is the ______ space. subdural subarachnoid epidural

subarachnoid

CSF from the choroid plexus eventually leaves the ventricles and enters the ______ space. subarachnoid epidural

subarachnoid

Between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater is the _______ space. epidural subarachnoid subdural

subdural

The primary auditory cortex area is located in the ______ lobe. frontal occipital temporal parietal

temporal

The somatosensory association area is responsible for interpreting sensations of ______. temperature visual perception texture pressure shape of objects sound

texture pressure shape of objects temperature

Select all that apply The Wernicke area is involved in ______. . understanding spoken words recognizing written words recognizing faces recognizing textures and shapes

understanding spoken words recognizing written words