Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 HOMEWORK 15
Click and drag the terms on the left to accurately complete the sentences on the right.
- Dual innervation describes a scenario in which a target organ has innervation from BOTH division(s) of the ANS. - If the divisions create opposite effects on the same target organ, it's called ANTAGONISTIC innervation. - If the divisions have complementary effects on the target organ or system, it's called COOPERATIVE innervation. - Since the parasympathetic division causes the heart rate to DECREASE and the sympathetic division causes the heart rate to INCREASE, this is an example of antagonistic innervation.
Which of the following is NOT a way that receptors are classified?
By sensory projection
The meninges is a three-layered, membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord. Read the descriptions below and then click and drag them into the appropriate box based on whether they pertain to the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, or the pia mater.
DURA MATER: - the most superficial layer - folds of this layer form the walls between the cerebral hemispheres - the super sagittal sinus is within this layer - forms the tentorium cerebelli - forms the structure that partially separates the left and right halves of the cerebellum ARACHNOID MATER: - the middle layer - this layer is gelatin-like and transparent PIA MATER: - this is the deepest layer - blood vessels of the cortical gyri are immediately superficial to this layer - this layer adheres to the surface of the brain tissue
Which division of the ANS is referred to as the "rest and digest" division?
Parasympathetic
Drag each of the following labels into the appropriate box to identify which motor division of the autonomic nervous system is described.
SYMPATHETIC - Increased heart rate - Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle - Reduced urinary output - Increased pulmonary airflow - Fight-or-flight PARASYMPATHETIC - Activation of digestive organs - Storage of energy - Decreased pulmonary airflow - Urinary bladder wall contraction - Rest and digest
Read each description below regarding the different ways to classify receptors. Then click and drag each description to the appropriate category based on the classification method to which it applies.
Stimulus Modality - thermoreceptors - chemoreceptors - photoreceptors - nocioreceptors Stimulus Origin - interoreceptors - exteroreceptors Receptor Distribution - receptors widely distributed in the skin - receptors associated with cranial nerves
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct, then place each sentence into a logical paragraph order.
THEY'RE IN ORDER! 1. Frequency discrimination is based on a structural gradient in the BASILAR membrane. 2. The proximal end of the membrane is ATTACHED and the distal end is not. 3. This arrangement causes a standing wave with some regions more DISPLACED than others. 4. SENSORY information changes depending on which end it is received. 5. This change means the difference in PITCH in sound.
Consider a situation where a stroke or mechanical trauma has occurred resulting in damage to one of the areas of the brain indicated in the image. Drag each label into the proper location in order to identify the area that would most likely have been affected.
TOP LEFT TO RIGHT - Motor dysfunction of the facial musculature - Disfunction in generating movements of the upper arm and shoulder. - General lack of sensation in the hand. BOTTOM LEFT TO RIGHT - Loss of taste - Inability to hear - Respiratory and cardiovascular disturbances - Altered coordination of gross muscular movement and balance ABOVE LOSS OF TASTE - Loss of the sense of smell UNDER MOTOR DYSFUNCTION OF THE FACIAL MUSCULATURE - Altered judgment, reasoning, and emotions. UNDER GENERAL LACK OF SENSATION IN THE HAND - Visual disturbances not associated with the eye.
An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is said to have what?
dual innervation