Human Anatomy and Physiology Final

structure; function

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

function

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________".

the small intestine

Calcitriol is required for stimulating normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus by which structure(s)?

pale cold skin

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?

anticodon

During the synthesis of proteins, amino acids are assembled in the proper sequence because each tRNA molecule that brings them to the ribosome has a(n) ________ that binds to a complementary codon in the mRNA.

areolar tissue

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except

supporting muscle cells

Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except

Bone is deposited by superficial osteoblasts

In appositional bone growth, how are layers of compact bone added to the bone's outer surface?

transporting substances throughout the body

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except

nucleic acids

Molecules that store and process genetic information are the

inhibits calcitonin secretion

Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways, except that it

merocrine sweat

Perspiration is produced by ________ glands.

anatomical position

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the

molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP

A primary active transport process is one in which __________.

exocytosis

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.

foramen

A(n) ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.

synthesis of vitamin C

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system, except

protein-crystal

The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.

medial

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?

has a relatively low heat capacity

Which of the following statements about water is not correct?

They also function in the synthesis of the phospholipids and cholesterol.

Which of the following statements regarding ribosomes is false?

facilitated diffusion

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____

multiple enzymes; three types of RNA

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ________ and ________.

one body part in relation to another

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

oval.

The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the following, except

homeostasis

The central principle of physiology is

nucleus

The control center for cellular operations is the

a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands

The effects of aging on the skin include

3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2.

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. 1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles. 2. Exocytosis. 3. Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles. 4. Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face. 5. Vesicles arrive at the forming face. 6. Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins. The proper order for these is

decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood

The hormone calcitonin functions to

reticular

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

facilitated diffusion

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.

The binding of chemical messengers to receptors often results in a shape change, which affects receptor function.

The microscopic level of relationship between form and function is exemplified by which of the following?

carotene and melanin

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

atoms

The smallest stable units of matter are

primary active transport

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

the pericardial and pleural cavities.

The thoracic cavity contains the

spongy

The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ bone.

cytosol

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

muscle

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

to lower the activation energy requirements of a reaction

What is the function of enzymes?

It functions in appositional bone growth and participates in repairs after an injury

What is the function of the cellular layer of the periosteum?

an ionic bond is formed

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges,

pseudostratified columnar

Which epithelial cells, found lining the nasal cavities and the trachea, typically possess cilia?

all of the above

Which of following is a function of the skeletal system? calcium homeostasis protection of internal organs blood cell production body support all of the above

organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most COMPLEX to the SIMPLEST?

decomposition

Which of the following is not a characteristic of life? respiration excretion decomposition growth responsiveness

serve as cell nutrients

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

salts

Which of the following often dissociates completely in water, releasing cations and anions?

The hair loses its attachment to the follicle in the active phase

Which statement regarding the hair growth cycle is incorrect?

Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine

__ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

Phospholipids

_____ are molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes.