Human Anatomy and physiology Final Exam
Photon
A ________ is a basic unit or packet of light energy.
hyperopia
A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close.
myopia
A person suffering from ________ can see objects that are close, but distant objects appear blurred.
B. (cornea-aqueous humor-lens-vitreous body- retina- choroid)
A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order? A. vitreous body - retina - choroids - aqueous humor - lens - cornea B. cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous body - retina - choroid C. cornea - lens - aqueous humor - vitreous body - retina - choroid D. cornea - aqueous humor - vitreous body - lens - choroids - retina
C. contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles
A sudden rise of room brightness would cause A. an increase in the size of the pupil. B. contraction of the pupillary dilator muscles. C. contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles. D.conversion of 11-trans to 11-cis retinal. E. All of the Above All of the answers are correct.
gene transcription is initiated
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
E. are produced by the adrenal medulla
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A. are lipids. B. bind to receptors within the cell. C.are produced by reproductive glands. D. are derived from cholesterol. E. are produced by the adrenal medulla
E. an increase in ATP production
An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except A.the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. B. a rise in cAMP levels. C. a fall in cAMP levels. D. the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. E. an increase in ATP production.
Steroid hormones
binds to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
E. Adjust the shape of the lens for close vision
The ciliary muscle contracts to A. control the production of aqueous humor. B. control the amount of light reaching the retina. C. adjust the shape of the cornea and vitreous. D. adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision. E. adjust the shape of the lens for close vision.
tympanic membrane
The external ear ends at the
Equilibrium
The formal term for the sense of gravity, rotation, and linear acceleration is the sense of
olfactory receptors
The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of_____
endocrine
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.
Organ of Corti
The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the
D. changing shape
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by A. dilating and constricting. B. moving in and out. C. moving up and down. D. changing shape. E. opening and closing.
a G protein
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
internal ear
The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors of the
chemicals
The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by______ in the air.
Umami
The taste sensation that triggered by the amino acids and small peptides is known as______.
photoreceptors
The visual receptors of the retina are called
conjunctiva
The____ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye
C. red, green, and blue
There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated A.red, yellow, and blue. B.red, green, and yellow. C.red, green, and blue. D.red, white, and blue.
rhodopsin
Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound
it is the term for normal vision
Define emmetropia. (Module 15.14A)
a. steroid hormones
Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except A. steroid hormones. B. catecholamines. C. peptide hormones. D. leukotrienes. E. prostaglandins.
saccule and utricle
Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the
A. to allow pressure equalization on both sides of the tympanic membrane
What is the function of the auditory tube? (Module 15.16B) A. to allow pressure equalization on both sides of the tympanic membrane B. to house the adenoids C. to drain excess perilymph if it builds up in the inner ear D. to amplify sounds before they enter the inner ear E. to resonate sounds
composed of amino acids
Peptide hormones are
B. The force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae in the utricle or saccule
Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on A. the movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals. B. the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae in the utricle or saccule. C. vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells. D. changes in the pressure exerted by the cupula on hair cells. E. All of the answers are correct.
constriction; dilation
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________.
ciliary body
What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?
Utricle and saccule
The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity.
bony labyrinth
The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth.
tympanic membrane to the oval window
The auditory ossicles connect the
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,
white
When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive
At the sensory receptor
Where do the special senses originate? (Module 15.1A)
Peppery
Which of the following is NOT one of the six primary taste sensation? Sour Sweer Umami Peppery Salty
C. endocrine communication- target cells are directly adjacent to each other
Which of the following is mismatched? A. autocrine communication — limited to the cell that secretes the chemical signal B. synaptic communication — uses neurotransmitters that cross synapses C. endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other D. direct communication — small solutes travel through gap junctions E. paracrine communication — molecules released in local area
Utricle
Which structure contain receptors sensitive to linear acceleration? A. cochlear duct B. utricle C. semicircular ducts D. tympanic membrane
Hormones
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
B. Rods
________ are photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light. A. Cones B. Rods
B. Cones
________ are photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color. A. Rods B. Cones
endolymph
________ fills the membranous labyrinth.
several
Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time
D. Rods are active in dim light, and objects appear black and white. Cones require intense light, and objects appear in color
Compare rods with cones. (Module 15.10B) A. Rods are active in dim light, and objects appear in color. Cones require intense light, and objects appear in black and white. B. Rods require intense light, and objects appear black and white. Cones are active in dim light, and objects appear in color. C. Both rods and cones require intense light. Rods allow color vision and cones allow objects to appear black and white. D. Rods are active in dim light, and objects appear black and white. Cones require intense light, and objects appear in color. E. Rods require intense light, and objects appear in color. Cones are active in dim light, and objects appear in black and white.
A. the semicircular canals surround the semicircular ducts, which are part of the membranous labyrinth
How do the semicircular canals and the semicircular ducts differ? (Module 15.17B) A. The semicircular canals are part of the bony labyrinth, and the canals surround the semicircular ducts, which are part of the membranous labyrinth. B. The semicircular canals are part of the membranous labyrinth, and they are surrounded by the semicircular ducts, which are part of the bony labyrinth. C. The semicircular canals are part of the membranous labyrinth, and the canals surround the semicircular ducts, which are part of the bony labyrinth. D. The semicircular canals are part of the bony labyrinth, and they are surrounded by the semicircular ducts, which are part of the membranous labyrinth.
B. an object 10 inches away from your nose
In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater? A. an object 20 feet away B. an object 10 inches away from your nose C. It doesn't matter, focal distance doesn't change with how far away an object is.
conductive
Interference with the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window is ________ deafness.