Human Bio - Chapter Five Review

fibrin

During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.

stratum basale

During wound repair, cells from which layer rapidly divide and begin to migrate along he wound periphery to replace missing epidermal cells?

third degree

A burn injury in which all epidermal and dermal cells are killed is classified as what degree

stratum lucidum

A useful technique for long-term drug administration, called transdermal administration, involves putting a sticky, drug-containing patch over an area of thin skin. What epidermal layer is found in thick and NOT in thin skin?

cells of stratum basal diving more rapidly and thickening the epithelium

Calluses form on the palms after manual labor due to

excretion of water/electrolytes lowering body temp dilution of harmful chemicals

Function of perspiration

UV rays damage fibroblasts

How does UV radiation lead to premature wrinkling of the skin?

stratum basale

In which of the epidermal layers are the cells undergoing mitosis?

inflammatory response scab forms phagocytosis of debris and pathogens formation of scar tissue (fibrosis)

List steps in the skin repair process. In which order do they occur?

UV radiation

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.

stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum (cells stop diving & keratin forms) stratum lucidum (only thick skin) stratum corneum (15-30 layers of keratin)

Place layers of epidermis in order from deep to superficial

reticular

The ________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

stratum granulosum

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the

C subcutaneous/hypodermis

The layer containing adipose tissue is

areolar and adipose tissues

The subcutaneous layer consists of (BLANK)tissue and (BLANK)tissue

increase friction and increase skin surface area

The superficial ridges that overlie the dermal papillae increase

C

There is a connective tissue layer protecting the hair shaft, marked as structure

diaper rash

What form of dermatitis may be due to a fungus?

sebaceous glands

What gland is an oil gland that secretes into hair follicles?

merocrine sweat gland

What gland is coiled and tubular and discharges secretion directly onto surface of skin?

apocrine sweat gland

What gland is responsible for odorous secretions in the armpits and groin?

fibroblasts

What is the dominant cell type in the dermis?

reticular layer of dermis

What layer consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue?

kidneys

What organ converts a precursor molecule into calciferol, a hormone that is essential for calcium and phosphate absorption?

desmosomes

What type of intercellular connection holds the keratinocytes together?

shoulders

Where would you expect to find greater-than-average melanin production?

stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is labeled "B"?

dermis

Which layer of the skin is labeled "A"?

epidermis

Which layer of the skin is labeled "G"?

cyanosis

blue-ish tint due to lack of oxygen is

first-degree

burn aka mild sunburn

second-degree

burn w blisters

third-degree

burn w nerve damage

Fibroblasts and CT stem cells

during wound repair, which cells divide to produce mobile cells that invade the deeper area of the injury? melanocytes and macrophages macrophages and keratinocytes keratinocytes and melanocytes fibroblasts and connective tissue stem cells

2 to 5 million

human adult skin normally possesses how many merocrine sweat glands?

hemoglobin

red color

loose connective tissue

the hypodermis consists of what tissue?

evaporation

through what mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

stratum corneum

which layer of the epidermis is NOT living?

they die (keratin)

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, they do what

sebaceous gland

Contraction of the arrestor pili muscles results in secretion from what gland?

incisions

Which wound heals most quickly? abrasions scrapes incisions abrasions and scrapes

no vital organs in that region

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat.

Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?

carotene

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.

sebaceous glands

acne results from the blockage of ducts in which gland? merocrine sweat gland sebaceous glands apocrine sweat glands none