Human Bio - Chapter Five Review
fibrin
During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.
stratum basale
During wound repair, cells from which layer rapidly divide and begin to migrate along he wound periphery to replace missing epidermal cells?
third degree
A burn injury in which all epidermal and dermal cells are killed is classified as what degree
stratum lucidum
A useful technique for long-term drug administration, called transdermal administration, involves putting a sticky, drug-containing patch over an area of thin skin. What epidermal layer is found in thick and NOT in thin skin?
cells of stratum basal diving more rapidly and thickening the epithelium
Calluses form on the palms after manual labor due to
excretion of water/electrolytes lowering body temp dilution of harmful chemicals
Function of perspiration
UV rays damage fibroblasts
How does UV radiation lead to premature wrinkling of the skin?
stratum basale
In which of the epidermal layers are the cells undergoing mitosis?
inflammatory response scab forms phagocytosis of debris and pathogens formation of scar tissue (fibrosis)
List steps in the skin repair process. In which order do they occur?
UV radiation
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.
stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum (cells stop diving & keratin forms) stratum lucidum (only thick skin) stratum corneum (15-30 layers of keratin)
Place layers of epidermis in order from deep to superficial
reticular
The ________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.
stratum granulosum
The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the
C subcutaneous/hypodermis
The layer containing adipose tissue is
areolar and adipose tissues
The subcutaneous layer consists of (BLANK)tissue and (BLANK)tissue
increase friction and increase skin surface area
The superficial ridges that overlie the dermal papillae increase
C
There is a connective tissue layer protecting the hair shaft, marked as structure
diaper rash
What form of dermatitis may be due to a fungus?
sebaceous glands
What gland is an oil gland that secretes into hair follicles?
merocrine sweat gland
What gland is coiled and tubular and discharges secretion directly onto surface of skin?
apocrine sweat gland
What gland is responsible for odorous secretions in the armpits and groin?
fibroblasts
What is the dominant cell type in the dermis?
reticular layer of dermis
What layer consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue?
kidneys
What organ converts a precursor molecule into calciferol, a hormone that is essential for calcium and phosphate absorption?
desmosomes
What type of intercellular connection holds the keratinocytes together?
shoulders
Where would you expect to find greater-than-average melanin production?
stratum corneum
Which layer of the epidermis is labeled "B"?
dermis
Which layer of the skin is labeled "A"?
epidermis
Which layer of the skin is labeled "G"?
cyanosis
blue-ish tint due to lack of oxygen is
first-degree
burn aka mild sunburn
second-degree
burn w blisters
third-degree
burn w nerve damage
Fibroblasts and CT stem cells
during wound repair, which cells divide to produce mobile cells that invade the deeper area of the injury? melanocytes and macrophages macrophages and keratinocytes keratinocytes and melanocytes fibroblasts and connective tissue stem cells
2 to 5 million
human adult skin normally possesses how many merocrine sweat glands?
hemoglobin
red color
loose connective tissue
the hypodermis consists of what tissue?
evaporation
through what mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?
stratum corneum
which layer of the epidermis is NOT living?
they die (keratin)
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, they do what
sebaceous gland
Contraction of the arrestor pili muscles results in secretion from what gland?
incisions
Which wound heals most quickly? abrasions scrapes incisions abrasions and scrapes
no vital organs in that region
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat.
Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?
carotene
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
sebaceous glands
acne results from the blockage of ducts in which gland? merocrine sweat gland sebaceous glands apocrine sweat glands none