Human bio chapters 19,21,4

How many copies of a mutated allele need to be inherited for an autosomal dominant genetic disorder to be displayed?

1

The faulty gene (CFTR) associated with cystic fibrosis is carried by about how many Caucasians in the United States?

1 in 30

Arrange the five phases of mitosis in the correct sequence, with the earliest phase at the top.

1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase

Select all of these that are phases of mitosis

1. Telophase 2. Anaphase 3. Prophase 4. Metaphase

A cell with a diploid number of 20 will have how many chromosomes at the end of meiosis?

10

If two parents are both affected by an autosomal recessive disorder, what percent of their children will also have the disorder?

100%

How many copies of a damaged allele must be present for a recessive genetic disease to be expressed?

2

Most often, humans inherit Blank______ allele(s) for each gene.

2

Down syndrome results from nondisjunction of which chromosome?

21

How many alleles for the same gene control the inheritance of ABO blood types?

3

If two heterozygous parents are both affected by an autosomal dominant disorder, then what percent of their children will be affected?

75

A certain organism has 20 homologous chromosome pairs. How many sister chromatids would be present after S phase?

80

Which of these is an example of alleles?

A gene on a chromosome coding for brown eyes and a gene at the same locus of a homologue coding for blue eyes

Select all functions of epithelial tissues.

Absorption Protection of body surfaces Secretion

Select all functions of epithelial tissue?

Absorption Secretion Protection of body surfaces

Alternate forms of a gene are called .

Allele

In the Punnett square, what items would be placed in the blue boxes?

Alleles of gametes

Select all common symptoms or signs of sickle cell disease.

Anemia Joint pain Jaundice

match each part of a neuron with the correct description

Axon- Conducts impulses away from the neuron Cell Body- Contains the nucleus Dendrite- Receives signals from sensory receptors or other neurons

The connective tissue that is composed of formed elements and plasma is

Blood

The two parts of the internal environment are the and interstitial fluid.

Blood

Mucous,serous, and synovial are types of

Body membranes

Cystic fibrosis is a relatively common autosomal recessive disease that causes thick mucus to build up mainly in which two areas of the body?

Bronchial tubes Pancreatic ducts

The cell cycle is controlled by specific steps called, which can delay progression to the next stage unless certain conditions are met

Checkpoint

As the cell undergoes cytokinesis the structure that forms near the cell's equator is called the _____.

Cleavage furrow

Select all correct characterizations of adipose tissue.

Contains adipocytes Produces a hormone that regulates appetite

Which one of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

Crossing-over

Select all the events that occur during interphase of the cell cycle.

DNA replicates and Organelles replicate

Along with the nervous system, which system functions to coordinate and regulate the activities of other organ systems?

Endocrine

True or False Accounting for all cells in humans, meiosis occurs more often than mitosis

False

True or false: Cartilage is generally more flexible than bone because cartilage is generally thinner.

False

a typical human with 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes will be

Female

An offspring produced sexually receives genetic material from both parents as a result of the process of

Fertilization

Select all of the following that result from mitosis.

Growth of tissue and Tissue repair also Proliferation of body cells

Human gametes are_______ and fuse to form a _________ zygote.

Haploid and Diploid

which of these are functions of the cardiovascular system?

Help control body temperature Transport nutrients Balance pH and fluids

In a one-trait cross, if one parent is homozygous dominant and the other is homozygous recessive, what will the genotype of their offspring be?

Heterozygous

Maintaining a constant internal body temperature is a component of________, which is the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?

Homeostasis

An organism with a genotype carries two identical alleles for a given gene.

Homozygous

In a one-trait cross, if both parents are homozygous dominant, what will the genotype of their offspring be?

Homozygous dominant

Which is an example of polygenic inheritance in humans?

Human skin color

A genetic system in which a heterozygous individual displays a phenotype intermediate between that of an individual homozygotic for either allele is called .

Incomplete dominance

most cells of the human body are in direct contact with which type of fluid?

Interstitial fluid

If, following cell division, the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half, which type of division occurred?

Meiosis

During which stage of the cell division does the nucleus divide?

Mitosis

The function of __________ is to produce two, identical daughter cells

Mitosis

Which form of cell division takes place in human somatic cells?

Mitosis

Which type of cell division is responsible for replacing cells during wound healing?

Mitosis

the function of is to produce two, identical daughter cells?

Mitosis

The protective coverings at the ends of the fingers and toes are called

Nails

The type of homeostatic mechanism that keeps a variable close to a set point is called Blank______ feedback.

Negative

What term refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I?

Nondisjunction

A father of blood type AB cannot be the father of a child with which blood type?

O

The skin contains muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous and connective tissue, and therefore is considered a(n)

Organ

Select all correct descriptions of polygenic traits.

Phenotype can be influenced by the environment. Alleles have additive affects on phenotype. Phenotypic variation appears continuous.

A diagram that lists sperm genotypes on one side and egg genotypes on the other side to predict the genotypes of offspring is called a(n) square.

Punnett

______ alleles require two copies to be present in order to exert their effect.

Recessive

Nails grow from specialized epithelial cells in the portion of the nail called the nail

Root

During which phase of the cell does DNA replicate to form sister chromatids as shown in the image

S phase

Select all of the functions of nervous tissue

Sensory input Motor output Integrates data

A young African American patient who is anemic, has yellow sclera of the eye, and is complaining about pain in the joints most likely has which genetic disease?

Sickle cell disease

Select all correct descriptions of autosomal dominant disorders.

Two unaffected parents will not have children with an affected phenotype. Both males and females are affected with equal frequency. Heterozygotes have an affected phenotype.

Which of the following are classified as human sex chromosomes? Multiple select question.

X and Y

Positive feedback is different from negative feedback in that a positive feedback mechanism causes

a change in the same direction as the original deviation

The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the _________ cavity

abdominal

The type of connective tissue that functions in energy storage, insulation, and organ protection is

adipose tissue

which of the following is a special type of loose connective tissue?

adipose tissue

In codominance, the phenotype of a heterozygote is

an equal expression of both gene alleles

Sex-linked genes are found on sex chromosomes, but not on the 22 other pairs of chromosomes, which are called

autosomes

The elongated portion of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body is the __________.

axon

The offspring of crosses between parents that are heterozygous for skin pigmentation genes will have a distribution of phenotypes that resembles a -shaped curve.

bell

The fluid connective tissue composed of formed elements and plasma is

blood

the three types of muscular tissue in vertebrate animals are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and ___________ muscle.

cardiac

Select the three types of muscle tissue

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

Select the two major parts of the cell cycle

cell division and interphase

Arrange the levels of biological organization of animals from simplest to most complex, with the simplest organization level at the top.

cells tissues organs organ systems

which list correctly lists the levels of biological organization from the simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

The slight indentation that forms as a cell divides during cytokinesis is called the furrow.

cleavage

A genetic system in which alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygote is called Blank______.

codominance

which one of the four categories of animal tissues is shown in the illustration?

connective

The general function of cell cycle checkpoints is to.

delay the cell cycle unless certain conditions are met.

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

Match each organ system of the human body

digestive system - Esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Endocrine system- Testes, ovaries, adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid gland Nervous system-Brain, spinal cord Reproductive system- Testes, ovaries, uterus, penis, vagina Skeletal system- Bones

An allele that masks the expression of an alternate form of that same gene is a(n) allele.

dominant

An individual with one recessive allele and one allele has a heterozygous genotype.

dominant

select the two main cavities in the human body?

dorsal and ventral

Select the two regions that are considered to be part of the skin.

epidermis and dermis

select the four major types of tissue in the human body?

epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle

True or false: More females than males have X-linked recessive disorders.

false

The major type of cell found in fibrous connective tissue is the

fibroblast

In the illustration of a cell undergoing cytokinesis, the slight indentation indicated by the letter X is the cleavage

furrow

An individual's genotype is the specific Blank______ an individual has for a trait.

genes

The specific genes or combination of alleles for a trait is called an individual's Blank______.

genotype

which of the following are present in fibrous connective tissue?

ground substance, fibroblasts, matrix, and collagen fibers

If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele, their genotype is Blank______.

heterozygous

The body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called

homeostasis

An individual that inherits two copies of the same form of a gene from his or her two parents has a Blank______ genotype.

homozygous

A child with wavy hair has a parent with straight hair and a parent with very curly hair. What genetic phenomenon explains this?

incomplete dominance

Select the meiotic events the produce genetic variation in gametes

independent assortment and Crossing-over

The skin is the primary organ of the _______ system.

integumentary

The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is carrying out normal functions and getting ready to divide is called

interphase

The cells of the human body are bathed in a fluid that goes by two names: extracellular fluid or ___________ fluid.

interstitial

The cells of the human body are bathed in a fluid that goes by two names: extracellular fluid or ____________ fluid.

interstitial

Most cells of the human body are in direct contact with which type of fluid.

interstitial fluid

muscle tissue is considered a tissue because

it is made up of similar cells that perform a common function

muscle tissue is considered a tissue because__________.

it is made up of similar cells that perform a common function

A typical human with 22 autosomes and the sex chromosomes X and Y will be

male

Because the allele for red-green color blindness is carried on the X chromosome and is recessive, the disorder is much more common in Blank______.

males

the four major types of tissue in the human body are connective, muscular,________, and __________?

nervous and epithelial

Support cells of the nervous system are the Blank______.

neuroglia

Select the major components of nervous tissue.

neurons and neuroglia

select the functions of neuroglia

nourish neurons and support neurons

A structure composed of two or more tissues carrying out a specific is a(n)______.

organ

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues that work together for a specific function is called a(n)

organs

The physical appearance of a trait in an individual is the , although in some cases traits are not easily observable.

phenotype

Blood, a liquid connective tissue, contains which of these?

plasma and formed elements

Traits that are governed by multiple sets of alleles that result in a continuous variation of phenotypes (bell-shaped curve) are called Blank______ traits.

polygenic

Humans normally have one pair of __________ chromosomes (either XX or XY) and 22 pairs of chromosomes, called __________, that are found in both males and females.

sex and autosomes

the three components are common to all types of connective tissue?

specialized cells, ground substance, and protein fibers

Cartilage and bone are types of_________.

supportive connective tissue

cartilage and bone are types of

supportive connective tissue

Select the four types of membranes in the human body.

synovial, meninges, serous, and mucous

Most sex-linked disorders are usually carried on Blank______.

the X chromosome

The gene responsible for determining male gender is located on Blank______.

the Y chromosome

A male with a genotype XbY is red-green color blind because Blank______.

the Y chromosome does not carry an allele for that trait

Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the

the cell cycle

Which of the following are ways that a mutation for a genetic disorder can be passed to a child?

the mutation is present in all of a parent's cells and The mutation occurs during the formation of sperm or eggs.

The best definition of phenotype is Blank______.

the physical appearance of a genetic trait

which is the best description of the general structure of epithelial tissue?

tightly packed cells that form a continuous layer

A group of specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function is called a(n)

tissue

a group of specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function is called

tissue

When three copies of a specific chromosome are present in a cell, this is called Blank______

trisomy

For each gene, an individual inherits Blank______ allele(s) with Blank______ being contained in the sperm and Blank______ being contained in the egg.

two; one; one

The human body can be divided into two main body cavities: the __________ body and the __________ body cavity.

ventral and dorsal

Gametes fuse during fertilization to form a diploid cell called a(n)

zygote