Human bio chapters 19,21,4
How many copies of a mutated allele need to be inherited for an autosomal dominant genetic disorder to be displayed?
1
The faulty gene (CFTR) associated with cystic fibrosis is carried by about how many Caucasians in the United States?
1 in 30
Arrange the five phases of mitosis in the correct sequence, with the earliest phase at the top.
1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase
Select all of these that are phases of mitosis
1. Telophase 2. Anaphase 3. Prophase 4. Metaphase
A cell with a diploid number of 20 will have how many chromosomes at the end of meiosis?
10
If two parents are both affected by an autosomal recessive disorder, what percent of their children will also have the disorder?
100%
How many copies of a damaged allele must be present for a recessive genetic disease to be expressed?
2
Most often, humans inherit Blank______ allele(s) for each gene.
2
Down syndrome results from nondisjunction of which chromosome?
21
How many alleles for the same gene control the inheritance of ABO blood types?
3
If two heterozygous parents are both affected by an autosomal dominant disorder, then what percent of their children will be affected?
75
A certain organism has 20 homologous chromosome pairs. How many sister chromatids would be present after S phase?
80
Which of these is an example of alleles?
A gene on a chromosome coding for brown eyes and a gene at the same locus of a homologue coding for blue eyes
Select all functions of epithelial tissues.
Absorption Protection of body surfaces Secretion
Select all functions of epithelial tissue?
Absorption Secretion Protection of body surfaces
Alternate forms of a gene are called .
Allele
In the Punnett square, what items would be placed in the blue boxes?
Alleles of gametes
Select all common symptoms or signs of sickle cell disease.
Anemia Joint pain Jaundice
match each part of a neuron with the correct description
Axon- Conducts impulses away from the neuron Cell Body- Contains the nucleus Dendrite- Receives signals from sensory receptors or other neurons
The connective tissue that is composed of formed elements and plasma is
Blood
The two parts of the internal environment are the and interstitial fluid.
Blood
Mucous,serous, and synovial are types of
Body membranes
Cystic fibrosis is a relatively common autosomal recessive disease that causes thick mucus to build up mainly in which two areas of the body?
Bronchial tubes Pancreatic ducts
The cell cycle is controlled by specific steps called, which can delay progression to the next stage unless certain conditions are met
Checkpoint
As the cell undergoes cytokinesis the structure that forms near the cell's equator is called the _____.
Cleavage furrow
Select all correct characterizations of adipose tissue.
Contains adipocytes Produces a hormone that regulates appetite
Which one of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
Crossing-over
Select all the events that occur during interphase of the cell cycle.
DNA replicates and Organelles replicate
Along with the nervous system, which system functions to coordinate and regulate the activities of other organ systems?
Endocrine
True or False Accounting for all cells in humans, meiosis occurs more often than mitosis
False
True or false: Cartilage is generally more flexible than bone because cartilage is generally thinner.
False
a typical human with 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes will be
Female
An offspring produced sexually receives genetic material from both parents as a result of the process of
Fertilization
Select all of the following that result from mitosis.
Growth of tissue and Tissue repair also Proliferation of body cells
Human gametes are_______ and fuse to form a _________ zygote.
Haploid and Diploid
which of these are functions of the cardiovascular system?
Help control body temperature Transport nutrients Balance pH and fluids
In a one-trait cross, if one parent is homozygous dominant and the other is homozygous recessive, what will the genotype of their offspring be?
Heterozygous
Maintaining a constant internal body temperature is a component of________, which is the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?
Homeostasis
An organism with a genotype carries two identical alleles for a given gene.
Homozygous
In a one-trait cross, if both parents are homozygous dominant, what will the genotype of their offspring be?
Homozygous dominant
Which is an example of polygenic inheritance in humans?
Human skin color
A genetic system in which a heterozygous individual displays a phenotype intermediate between that of an individual homozygotic for either allele is called .
Incomplete dominance
most cells of the human body are in direct contact with which type of fluid?
Interstitial fluid
If, following cell division, the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half, which type of division occurred?
Meiosis
During which stage of the cell division does the nucleus divide?
Mitosis
The function of __________ is to produce two, identical daughter cells
Mitosis
Which form of cell division takes place in human somatic cells?
Mitosis
Which type of cell division is responsible for replacing cells during wound healing?
Mitosis
the function of is to produce two, identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
The protective coverings at the ends of the fingers and toes are called
Nails
The type of homeostatic mechanism that keeps a variable close to a set point is called Blank______ feedback.
Negative
What term refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I?
Nondisjunction
A father of blood type AB cannot be the father of a child with which blood type?
O
The skin contains muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous and connective tissue, and therefore is considered a(n)
Organ
Select all correct descriptions of polygenic traits.
Phenotype can be influenced by the environment. Alleles have additive affects on phenotype. Phenotypic variation appears continuous.
A diagram that lists sperm genotypes on one side and egg genotypes on the other side to predict the genotypes of offspring is called a(n) square.
Punnett
______ alleles require two copies to be present in order to exert their effect.
Recessive
Nails grow from specialized epithelial cells in the portion of the nail called the nail
Root
During which phase of the cell does DNA replicate to form sister chromatids as shown in the image
S phase
Select all of the functions of nervous tissue
Sensory input Motor output Integrates data
A young African American patient who is anemic, has yellow sclera of the eye, and is complaining about pain in the joints most likely has which genetic disease?
Sickle cell disease
Select all correct descriptions of autosomal dominant disorders.
Two unaffected parents will not have children with an affected phenotype. Both males and females are affected with equal frequency. Heterozygotes have an affected phenotype.
Which of the following are classified as human sex chromosomes? Multiple select question.
X and Y
Positive feedback is different from negative feedback in that a positive feedback mechanism causes
a change in the same direction as the original deviation
The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the _________ cavity
abdominal
The type of connective tissue that functions in energy storage, insulation, and organ protection is
adipose tissue
which of the following is a special type of loose connective tissue?
adipose tissue
In codominance, the phenotype of a heterozygote is
an equal expression of both gene alleles
Sex-linked genes are found on sex chromosomes, but not on the 22 other pairs of chromosomes, which are called
autosomes
The elongated portion of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body is the __________.
axon
The offspring of crosses between parents that are heterozygous for skin pigmentation genes will have a distribution of phenotypes that resembles a -shaped curve.
bell
The fluid connective tissue composed of formed elements and plasma is
blood
the three types of muscular tissue in vertebrate animals are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and ___________ muscle.
cardiac
Select the three types of muscle tissue
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
Select the two major parts of the cell cycle
cell division and interphase
Arrange the levels of biological organization of animals from simplest to most complex, with the simplest organization level at the top.
cells tissues organs organ systems
which list correctly lists the levels of biological organization from the simplest to most complex?
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
The slight indentation that forms as a cell divides during cytokinesis is called the furrow.
cleavage
A genetic system in which alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygote is called Blank______.
codominance
which one of the four categories of animal tissues is shown in the illustration?
connective
The general function of cell cycle checkpoints is to.
delay the cell cycle unless certain conditions are met.
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
Match each organ system of the human body
digestive system - Esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Endocrine system- Testes, ovaries, adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid gland Nervous system-Brain, spinal cord Reproductive system- Testes, ovaries, uterus, penis, vagina Skeletal system- Bones
An allele that masks the expression of an alternate form of that same gene is a(n) allele.
dominant
An individual with one recessive allele and one allele has a heterozygous genotype.
dominant
select the two main cavities in the human body?
dorsal and ventral
Select the two regions that are considered to be part of the skin.
epidermis and dermis
select the four major types of tissue in the human body?
epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle
True or false: More females than males have X-linked recessive disorders.
false
The major type of cell found in fibrous connective tissue is the
fibroblast
In the illustration of a cell undergoing cytokinesis, the slight indentation indicated by the letter X is the cleavage
furrow
An individual's genotype is the specific Blank______ an individual has for a trait.
genes
The specific genes or combination of alleles for a trait is called an individual's Blank______.
genotype
which of the following are present in fibrous connective tissue?
ground substance, fibroblasts, matrix, and collagen fibers
If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele, their genotype is Blank______.
heterozygous
The body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called
homeostasis
An individual that inherits two copies of the same form of a gene from his or her two parents has a Blank______ genotype.
homozygous
A child with wavy hair has a parent with straight hair and a parent with very curly hair. What genetic phenomenon explains this?
incomplete dominance
Select the meiotic events the produce genetic variation in gametes
independent assortment and Crossing-over
The skin is the primary organ of the _______ system.
integumentary
The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is carrying out normal functions and getting ready to divide is called
interphase
The cells of the human body are bathed in a fluid that goes by two names: extracellular fluid or ___________ fluid.
interstitial
The cells of the human body are bathed in a fluid that goes by two names: extracellular fluid or ____________ fluid.
interstitial
Most cells of the human body are in direct contact with which type of fluid.
interstitial fluid
muscle tissue is considered a tissue because
it is made up of similar cells that perform a common function
muscle tissue is considered a tissue because__________.
it is made up of similar cells that perform a common function
A typical human with 22 autosomes and the sex chromosomes X and Y will be
male
Because the allele for red-green color blindness is carried on the X chromosome and is recessive, the disorder is much more common in Blank______.
males
the four major types of tissue in the human body are connective, muscular,________, and __________?
nervous and epithelial
Support cells of the nervous system are the Blank______.
neuroglia
Select the major components of nervous tissue.
neurons and neuroglia
select the functions of neuroglia
nourish neurons and support neurons
A structure composed of two or more tissues carrying out a specific is a(n)______.
organ
A structure that is composed of two or more tissues that work together for a specific function is called a(n)
organs
The physical appearance of a trait in an individual is the , although in some cases traits are not easily observable.
phenotype
Blood, a liquid connective tissue, contains which of these?
plasma and formed elements
Traits that are governed by multiple sets of alleles that result in a continuous variation of phenotypes (bell-shaped curve) are called Blank______ traits.
polygenic
Humans normally have one pair of __________ chromosomes (either XX or XY) and 22 pairs of chromosomes, called __________, that are found in both males and females.
sex and autosomes
the three components are common to all types of connective tissue?
specialized cells, ground substance, and protein fibers
Cartilage and bone are types of_________.
supportive connective tissue
cartilage and bone are types of
supportive connective tissue
Select the four types of membranes in the human body.
synovial, meninges, serous, and mucous
Most sex-linked disorders are usually carried on Blank______.
the X chromosome
The gene responsible for determining male gender is located on Blank______.
the Y chromosome
A male with a genotype XbY is red-green color blind because Blank______.
the Y chromosome does not carry an allele for that trait
Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the
the cell cycle
Which of the following are ways that a mutation for a genetic disorder can be passed to a child?
the mutation is present in all of a parent's cells and The mutation occurs during the formation of sperm or eggs.
The best definition of phenotype is Blank______.
the physical appearance of a genetic trait
which is the best description of the general structure of epithelial tissue?
tightly packed cells that form a continuous layer
A group of specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function is called a(n)
tissue
a group of specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function is called
tissue
When three copies of a specific chromosome are present in a cell, this is called Blank______
trisomy
For each gene, an individual inherits Blank______ allele(s) with Blank______ being contained in the sperm and Blank______ being contained in the egg.
two; one; one
The human body can be divided into two main body cavities: the __________ body and the __________ body cavity.
ventral and dorsal
Gametes fuse during fertilization to form a diploid cell called a(n)
zygote