Human Development Chapter 6, Socioemotional Development

Connect *Erikson's* terms of *industry and inferiority* and describe the challenges of middle childhood. p.176

Industry vs. Inferiority : involving managing our emotions and realizing that real-world success involves hard work. - Children are measuring up with others and themselves There are 5 self-esteems: 1. Scholastic competence ( academic talent) 2. Behavioral conduct ( obedience or being good) 3. Athletic skills ( performance at sports) 4. Peer likeability ( popularity ) 5. Physical appearance (looks)

Discuss helpful, caring acts of prosocial behavior, including displays of *altruism*(이타심) and empathy. p. 179

*Altruism*: Prosocial behaviors that are carried out for self-less, non-eccentric reasons. ( If help this blah- i will get praised by teacher; I help him because he will get mad otherwise;) --> They are motivated by the desired to help apart from gettin external rewards. *Empathy*: feeling the exact emotion that another person is experiencing *Sympathy* : A state necessary for acting pro-socially involving feeling upset *for* a person who needs help. -African American children concrete and solid their stereotypes of inferiority of themselves (by history). so it causes these kids to distrust teachers , develop learned helpless and devalue their academic selves. - If a child shows an unusual caring during 3~4 years old, they will grow as a caring person later in life. - When we are happy, we are more likely to prosocial. so when you are in our own problems, we don't reach out to a friend.

Explore how internalizing tendencies may lead to low self-esteem and a feeling of incompetence, known as learned helplessness p.176

*Learned helplessness* : A state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events, and so gives up without trying. " I know I will fail. why should I try?" *Self esteem distortion*: can read failure into everything and have overly low self-esteem *Conseuqunece* : Continue to fail because they decide that they cannot succeed and stop working Rather saying, " you are a basically smart" than " you are such a brave hard worker!")

Explain that changes in *self-awareness*, which may influence a child's self-perception and *self-esteem*, are hallmarks of the transition to middle childhood.

*Self-awareness* : children reflect on who they are as people (internal & psychological, anchored in her feeling, abilities, and inner traits) *Self-esteem* : Evaluating oneself as either "good" or "bad" as a result of comparing the self to other people

Understand that as children learn *emotion regulation*, they may exhibit either *external tendencies*, such as a form of aggression, or internal tendencies, such as anxiety. p.174

*emotion regulation* : capacity to manage one's emotional state (use skill involved in managining our feeling so that they don't get in the way of a productive life) *Externalizing tendencies* (acting impulsively and behaving disruptively and aggressively) --> fighting / bossing people around *Internalizing tendencies* : They are timid and self-conscious, frightened and depressed