Human Gen Chapter 11
The ability of DNA polymerase to repair its own nucleotide mismatches is called _____.
proofreading
Nonsense mutations change termination codons into amino acid codons.
False
When the number of trinucleotide repeats in a gene is significantly above normal, it can produce a mutant phenotype.
True
New ----- mutations can often be detected by examining the inheritance of the trait in males.
X- linked
If a genetic disorder appears in a family with no prior history, and is fully expressed by everyone carrying that allele, it is most likely a(n) ____ trait.
autosomal dominant
Sense mutations produce ____.
elongated proteins
Several lines of research provide strong evidence that ____ to environmental signals influence behavior.
epigenetic responses
The epigenetic state of a cell is called its _______.
epigenome
Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a gene causes a type of mutation called a(n) ______ mutation.
frameshift
Mutagenic chemicals that ____ and are incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis are called base analogs.
resemble nucleotides
PBDEs are ____.
banned in many European countries but permitted in most states in the United States
Genetic imprinting is caused by ____.
epigenetic changes to DNA
Several genetic disorders, including Fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia, are caused by mutations in ____.
DNA repair genes
When ____ is incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis, it will create a(n) ____.
5-bromouracil; nucleotide substitution mutation
What occurs in a missense mutation?
A single amino acid is substituted for another in a protein.
Mutations in _____ cells will be passed on by cell division, but cannot be transmitted to future generations.
body
Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that ____.
can be passed on to daughter cells
As DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand, it can ____.
detect an incorrect nucleotide
Selective expression of either the maternal or paternal copy of a gene is called __________________.
genetic imprinting
In sickle cell anemia, affected individuals carry ____.
the same single nucleotide substitution
