Human Gen Chapter 11

The ability of DNA polymerase to repair its own nucleotide mismatches is called _____.

proofreading

​Nonsense mutations change termination codons into amino acid codons.

False

​When the number of trinucleotide repeats in a gene is significantly above normal, it can produce a mutant phenotype.

True

New ----- mutations can often be detected by examining the inheritance of the trait in males.​

X- linked

If a genetic disorder appears in a family with no prior history, and is fully expressed by everyone carrying that allele, it is most likely a(n) ____ trait.

autosomal dominant

Sense mutations produce ____.

elongated proteins

Several lines of research provide strong evidence that ____ to environmental signals influence behavior.

epigenetic responses

​The epigenetic state of a cell is called its _______.

epigenome

Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a gene causes a type of mutation called a(n) ______ mutation.

frameshift

Mutagenic chemicals that ____ and are incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis are called base analogs.

resemble nucleotides

PBDEs are ____.

​banned in many European countries but permitted in most states in the United States

Genetic imprinting is caused by ____.

​epigenetic changes to DNA

Several genetic disorders, including Fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia, are caused by mutations in ____.

DNA repair genes

When ____ is incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis, it will create a(n) ____.

5-bromouracil; nucleotide substitution mutation

What occurs in a missense mutation?

A single amino acid is substituted for another in a protein.

​Mutations in _____ cells will be passed on by cell division, but cannot be transmitted to future generations.

body

Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that ____.

can be passed on to daughter cells

​As DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand, it can ____.

detect an incorrect nucleotide

​Selective expression of either the maternal or paternal copy of a gene is called __________________.

genetic imprinting

​In sickle cell anemia, affected individuals carry ____.

the same single nucleotide substitution