human growth and development final review

__________ is the state or condition caused by loss through death.​

bereavement

A rite of ____ involves a ritual or ceremonial event that marks initiation into adulthood.​

passage

​Any agent that interferes with normal prenatal development is a(n) ____.

teratogen

As women enter midlife, they experience a major biological process called ____, during which they pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years.​

the climacteric

​According to Erikson, which is the foundation of human development?

trust in oneself and others

​The information-processing theory of development likens human cognitive processes to the functions of a

computer

The number of years a person can expect to live is his or her _____.

longevity

____ concerns the way in which we express the feelings that we have following a loss.​

mourning

​The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____.

11 years, 13 years

Colleges usually refer to students over the age of ____ as returning adult students, which implies that these individuals have already reached adulthood.​

25

​How many stages of labor are there?

3

​How many chromosomes are found in the organism that results from the union of a human sperm cell and an egg cell?

46

Aging is a(n) ____ process involving many variations across people.

Individual

​Basic emotions include all EXCEPT which of the following?

apathy

​In order to assess the physical health of a newborn baby, an obstetrician would assign ratings according to the ____ scale. If the baby receives a score of 7 or higher, (s)he is considered to be in good physical condition.

apgar

Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____.​

autonomy

​Why is it that 22 weeks is considered the earliest "age of viability" for an unborn child?

because this is the age by which the childs systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mothers body

​In ____ conditioning, a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus.

classical

​Focusing on how people think and how those thinking processes change over time is the central feature of the ____ theory.

cognitive-developmental

​The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period.

concrete operational

​Which of the following represents the correct order in which speech skills develop in babies?

crying, cooing, babbling

​The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning.

deductive

​Which of the following BEST summarizes the current thinking in human development with regard to the nature and nurture question?

development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors

​A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called

direct instruction

​According to ____ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals.

dynamic

By proposing a five-stage model of the way people approach dying, ________ changed our understanding of how people consider their own deaths.​

elizabeth kubler-ross

​Once a zygote implants itself in the uterine lining, it officially becomes a(n) ____.

embryo

​According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.

erik erikson

The practice of ending one's life for the purpose of mercy is called ________.​

euthanasia

A(n) ____ is someone who is much better at a task than people who have not put much effort into that task.

expert

Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents​

fail to monitor their activities

________ older adults are those older individuals​ who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders.

frail

​A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.

friendship

​An individual's sense of themselves as a male or female is their

gender identity

____ is the sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss.​

grief

A "Do Not Resuscitate" order pertains to efforts to restore functioning of the​

heart

​Monozygotic is to ____ as dizygotic is to _____.

identical; fraternal

Most older adults live​

independently

According to Erikson, the major task for young adults is to deal with the psychosocial conflict of ____.​

intimacy versus isolation

A(n) ____ is the process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their years.

life review

​Marjorie believes that her husband, Tom, is an excellent father because he was born with a gentle nature and an abundance of patience. Tom, on the other hand, believes that he is a good father because he learned to be one from his own parents. Which fundamental question of human development does this issue address?

nature and nurture

​The most basic unit in the brain and nervous system of a human being is the

neuron

Retirement involves the loss of​

occupational identity

The most rapidly growing segment of the United States population is the group of people

over the age of 85

________ care focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms at any point during the disease process.​

palliative

What are the "pieces of bread" on either side of the "sandwich generation?"

parents and children

​For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____.

percentile of BMI

​Fathers tend to emphasize ____ as they interact with their babies.

physical play

​Any behavior that benefits another person is properly termed ____.

prosocial

​A(n) ____ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation.

reflex

​____ are psychological structures that organize information and regulate behaviors.

schemes

​Piaget believed that children are like little

scientist

​The biopsychosocial framework organizes the contributions of many different forces in human development. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

spiritual forces

​A ____ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development.

theory

​Why are theories such an important part of the understanding of human development?

they provide the "whys" for development

T/F According to Erik Erikson, the major task of young adulthood is dealing with the psychosocial conflict of intimacy versus isolation.

true

​Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?

warmth and responsiveness & parental control

Physical functioning generally peaks during​

young adulthood

​In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the

zone of proximal development

​What is the correct order of the four stages of cognitive development, according to Piaget?

​sp , pp, cop, fop