human growth and development final review
__________ is the state or condition caused by loss through death.
bereavement
A rite of ____ involves a ritual or ceremonial event that marks initiation into adulthood.
passage
Any agent that interferes with normal prenatal development is a(n) ____.
teratogen
As women enter midlife, they experience a major biological process called ____, during which they pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years.
the climacteric
According to Erikson, which is the foundation of human development?
trust in oneself and others
The information-processing theory of development likens human cognitive processes to the functions of a
computer
The number of years a person can expect to live is his or her _____.
longevity
____ concerns the way in which we express the feelings that we have following a loss.
mourning
The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____.
11 years, 13 years
Colleges usually refer to students over the age of ____ as returning adult students, which implies that these individuals have already reached adulthood.
25
How many stages of labor are there?
3
How many chromosomes are found in the organism that results from the union of a human sperm cell and an egg cell?
46
Aging is a(n) ____ process involving many variations across people.
Individual
Basic emotions include all EXCEPT which of the following?
apathy
In order to assess the physical health of a newborn baby, an obstetrician would assign ratings according to the ____ scale. If the baby receives a score of 7 or higher, (s)he is considered to be in good physical condition.
apgar
Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____.
autonomy
Why is it that 22 weeks is considered the earliest "age of viability" for an unborn child?
because this is the age by which the childs systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mothers body
In ____ conditioning, a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus.
classical
Focusing on how people think and how those thinking processes change over time is the central feature of the ____ theory.
cognitive-developmental
The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period.
concrete operational
Which of the following represents the correct order in which speech skills develop in babies?
crying, cooing, babbling
The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning.
deductive
Which of the following BEST summarizes the current thinking in human development with regard to the nature and nurture question?
development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors
A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called
direct instruction
According to ____ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals.
dynamic
By proposing a five-stage model of the way people approach dying, ________ changed our understanding of how people consider their own deaths.
elizabeth kubler-ross
Once a zygote implants itself in the uterine lining, it officially becomes a(n) ____.
embryo
According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.
erik erikson
The practice of ending one's life for the purpose of mercy is called ________.
euthanasia
A(n) ____ is someone who is much better at a task than people who have not put much effort into that task.
expert
Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents
fail to monitor their activities
________ older adults are those older individuals who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders.
frail
A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.
friendship
An individual's sense of themselves as a male or female is their
gender identity
____ is the sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss.
grief
A "Do Not Resuscitate" order pertains to efforts to restore functioning of the
heart
Monozygotic is to ____ as dizygotic is to _____.
identical; fraternal
Most older adults live
independently
According to Erikson, the major task for young adults is to deal with the psychosocial conflict of ____.
intimacy versus isolation
A(n) ____ is the process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their years.
life review
Marjorie believes that her husband, Tom, is an excellent father because he was born with a gentle nature and an abundance of patience. Tom, on the other hand, believes that he is a good father because he learned to be one from his own parents. Which fundamental question of human development does this issue address?
nature and nurture
The most basic unit in the brain and nervous system of a human being is the
neuron
Retirement involves the loss of
occupational identity
The most rapidly growing segment of the United States population is the group of people
over the age of 85
________ care focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms at any point during the disease process.
palliative
What are the "pieces of bread" on either side of the "sandwich generation?"
parents and children
For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____.
percentile of BMI
Fathers tend to emphasize ____ as they interact with their babies.
physical play
Any behavior that benefits another person is properly termed ____.
prosocial
A(n) ____ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation.
reflex
____ are psychological structures that organize information and regulate behaviors.
schemes
Piaget believed that children are like little
scientist
The biopsychosocial framework organizes the contributions of many different forces in human development. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
spiritual forces
A ____ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development.
theory
Why are theories such an important part of the understanding of human development?
they provide the "whys" for development
T/F According to Erik Erikson, the major task of young adulthood is dealing with the psychosocial conflict of intimacy versus isolation.
true
Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?
warmth and responsiveness & parental control
Physical functioning generally peaks during
young adulthood
In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the
zone of proximal development
What is the correct order of the four stages of cognitive development, according to Piaget?
sp , pp, cop, fop
