Human Heredity Test 3

proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes

Histones are ______

Uracil

In RNA, the base ________ is present in place of thymine

Rosalind Franklin

Used X-ray diffraction to discover the double-helical structure of DNA.

nucleotide

the basic building block of DNA and RNA is

essential ; 9

amino acids cannot be produced in the body and must be supplied in the diet are _____. How many are there? _____

tRNA

anticodons are found as part of ______

mutation

any random change in the order of bases in DNA can result in a _______ that produces an altered protein

catabolism ; anabolism

enzymes can either break down a substrate into smaller products _____ or combine substrates into a larger product _______

convert substrates into products

enzymes in the body speed chemical reactions and ______

quaternary

folded polypeptide chains interacting with each other like this are exhibiting what level of protein interaction

radon

for most people in the US the largest background source of radiation is

4 ^ N

formula for the possible combinations of base pairs

the inability to break down

galactosemia is an inherited disorder caused by ___________ galactose

introns

noncoding sequences of bases that are removed during mRNA processing are called

amino acids

proteins are composed of subunits called

Chargaff's

rule says that the ammount of adenine in a DNA sample must equal the ammount of thymine, and C must equal G

mRNA molecule

transcription begins when the DNA in a chromosome unwinds and one strand is used as a template to make

tyrosine

which of the following is an amino acid

ccgaauugguca

DNA template is ggcttaaccagt what is the mRNA strand?

elongated proteins

Sense mutations produce

cystic fibrosis

________, characterized by improper salt/water balance in lung cells, can be caused by any of over 1,900 different mutations

pharmcogenetics

a branch of gentics known as ________ studies genetic variation that underlie differences in the bodys response to perscription drugs

prion

a protein folded into an infectious conformation that is the cause of neurological disorders such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease in a ___

thymine

a sample of necleic acid is to be analyzed. the presence of which base could tell you if the nucleic acid was DNA or RNA

ggcatcgta

base sequence of DNA is ccgtagcat what is the complementary strand

lactose

before the emergence of the LP allele in europe, ancient herders reduced ______ concentraions in milk by making cheese or yogurt

thier mothers enzymes break down phenylalanine for them

children with PKU are protected in utero from build-up of phenylalanine because

groups of three mRNA bases

codons are _____ that encode the information for a specific amino acid in a protein

transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body

hemoglobin molecules ______

substituting base analogs for DNA bases

high level or long-term radiation exposure can cause DNA mutations by

in babies

in most human populaitons, when in life are lactase levels the highest?

autosomal dominant

in pedigree analysis, it is easiest to identify where a mutation orginated if the mutation follows what pattern of inheritance ?

PKU

in ppl with ____, phenylalanine from dietary proteins cannot be converted to tyrosine

the same single nucleotide subsitutions

in sickle cell anemia, affected individuals carry ____

discover the structure of DNA

in the early 1950s Watson and crick ______

proteins

in the early twentieth centry, most scientist believed that only ______ were complex enough to carry genetic information

orientated running in opposite directions

in the watson and crick model of DNA structure, the polynucleotide chains are

metabolism

is the sum of all biochemical pathways in the body which convert and utilize energy

age-related decrease in the production of lactase enzyme

lactose intolerance is caused by:

more mutations

larger genes are likely to have ______ than smaller genes

takes place in the ribosomes

most protein synthesis _______

base analogs

mutagenic chemicals that resemble nucleotides and are incorporated into DNA during synthesis are called _____

Homozygous dominant

supertasters for the chemical PTC are _________ for the trait