Human Heredity Test 3
proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes
Histones are ______
Uracil
In RNA, the base ________ is present in place of thymine
Rosalind Franklin
Used X-ray diffraction to discover the double-helical structure of DNA.
nucleotide
the basic building block of DNA and RNA is
essential ; 9
amino acids cannot be produced in the body and must be supplied in the diet are _____. How many are there? _____
tRNA
anticodons are found as part of ______
mutation
any random change in the order of bases in DNA can result in a _______ that produces an altered protein
catabolism ; anabolism
enzymes can either break down a substrate into smaller products _____ or combine substrates into a larger product _______
convert substrates into products
enzymes in the body speed chemical reactions and ______
quaternary
folded polypeptide chains interacting with each other like this are exhibiting what level of protein interaction
radon
for most people in the US the largest background source of radiation is
4 ^ N
formula for the possible combinations of base pairs
the inability to break down
galactosemia is an inherited disorder caused by ___________ galactose
introns
noncoding sequences of bases that are removed during mRNA processing are called
amino acids
proteins are composed of subunits called
Chargaff's
rule says that the ammount of adenine in a DNA sample must equal the ammount of thymine, and C must equal G
mRNA molecule
transcription begins when the DNA in a chromosome unwinds and one strand is used as a template to make
tyrosine
which of the following is an amino acid
ccgaauugguca
DNA template is ggcttaaccagt what is the mRNA strand?
elongated proteins
Sense mutations produce
cystic fibrosis
________, characterized by improper salt/water balance in lung cells, can be caused by any of over 1,900 different mutations
pharmcogenetics
a branch of gentics known as ________ studies genetic variation that underlie differences in the bodys response to perscription drugs
prion
a protein folded into an infectious conformation that is the cause of neurological disorders such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease in a ___
thymine
a sample of necleic acid is to be analyzed. the presence of which base could tell you if the nucleic acid was DNA or RNA
ggcatcgta
base sequence of DNA is ccgtagcat what is the complementary strand
lactose
before the emergence of the LP allele in europe, ancient herders reduced ______ concentraions in milk by making cheese or yogurt
thier mothers enzymes break down phenylalanine for them
children with PKU are protected in utero from build-up of phenylalanine because
groups of three mRNA bases
codons are _____ that encode the information for a specific amino acid in a protein
transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body
hemoglobin molecules ______
substituting base analogs for DNA bases
high level or long-term radiation exposure can cause DNA mutations by
in babies
in most human populaitons, when in life are lactase levels the highest?
autosomal dominant
in pedigree analysis, it is easiest to identify where a mutation orginated if the mutation follows what pattern of inheritance ?
PKU
in ppl with ____, phenylalanine from dietary proteins cannot be converted to tyrosine
the same single nucleotide subsitutions
in sickle cell anemia, affected individuals carry ____
discover the structure of DNA
in the early 1950s Watson and crick ______
proteins
in the early twentieth centry, most scientist believed that only ______ were complex enough to carry genetic information
orientated running in opposite directions
in the watson and crick model of DNA structure, the polynucleotide chains are
metabolism
is the sum of all biochemical pathways in the body which convert and utilize energy
age-related decrease in the production of lactase enzyme
lactose intolerance is caused by:
more mutations
larger genes are likely to have ______ than smaller genes
takes place in the ribosomes
most protein synthesis _______
base analogs
mutagenic chemicals that resemble nucleotides and are incorporated into DNA during synthesis are called _____
Homozygous dominant
supertasters for the chemical PTC are _________ for the trait